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science 2023年第6668期382卷 273页

作者： David Kaiser The reviewer is at the Program in Science Technology and Society and the Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA.

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Traveling with Einstein

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The European Legacy 2020年第7-8期25卷 845-851页

作者： Oren Harman Graduate Program in Science Technology and Society Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel

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Comparing LSTM and BLSTM Deep Neural Networks for Power Consumption Prediction: Preliminary studies

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： da Silva, Davi Guimarães de Moura Meneses, Anderson Alvarenga Federal University of Western Pará – Graduate Program in Society Nature and Development R. Vera Paz s/n Salé PA SantarémCEP 68.035-110 Brazil Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Pará Brazil Federal University of Western Pará Institute of Geosciences and Engineering Laboratory of Computational Intelligence Brazil

Electric consumption prediction methods are investigated for many reasons such as decision-making related to energy efficiency as well as for anticipating demand in the energy market dynamics. The objective of the present work is the comparison between two Deep Learning models, namely the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Bi-directional LSTM (BLSTM) for univariate electric consumption Time Series (TS) short-term forecast. The Data Sets (DSs) were selected for their different contexts and scales, aiming the assessment of the models’ robustness. Four DSs were used, related to the power consumption of: (a) a household in France;(b) a university building in Santarém, Brazil;(c) the Tétouan city zones, in Morocco;and (c) the Singapore aggregated electric demand. The metrics RMSE, MAE, MAPE and R2 were calculated in a TS cross-validation scheme. The Friedman’s test was applied to normalized RMSE (NRMSE) results, showing that BLSTM outperforms LSTM with statistically significant difference (p = 0.0455), corroborating the fact that bidirectional weight updating improves significantly the LSTM performance concerning different scales of electric power consumption. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Long short-term memory

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Mental Health, Loneliness, and Social Support Among Undergraduate Students: A Multinational Study in Asia

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Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health 2023年第4期35卷 244-250页

作者： Backhaus, Insa Fitri, Mustika Esfahani, Mahdi Ngo, Huyen Thi Lin, Li-Jung Yamanaka, Akira Alhumaid, Majed M. Qin, Ling Khan, Azizuddin Fadzullah, Nur ’Ashikin Khoo, Selina Institute of Medical Sociology Centre for Health and Society Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany Sport Science Study Program Faculty of Sport and Health Education Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Bandung Indonesia Department of Sport Science Imam Reza International University Mashhad Iran Faculty of Library and Information Science University of Social Sciences and Humanities Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Graduate Institute of Sport Leisure & Hospitality Management National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation Ehime University Ehime Japan Department of Physical Education College of Education King Faisal University Al-Ahsa Saudi Arabia Faculty of Physical Education and Health Sciences Chongqing Normal University Chongqing China Psychophysiology Laboratory Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India Faculty of Sports and Exercise Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of poor mental health and its association with loneliness and social support among 3531 undergraduate students in nine Asian countries. Mental health was assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire, which was developed by the World Health Organization. Across the entire sample, we detected that nearly half of the students reported poor mental health according to the Self-Reporting Questionnaire and nearly one out of seven students felt lonely. While feeling lonely increased the odds of experiencing poor mental health (odds ratio [OR]), moderate (OR: 0.35) and strong social support (OR: 0.18) decreases the odds of experiencing poor mental health. The high prevalence of poor mental health calls for further in-depth investigations and implementation of mental health support interventions. © 2023 APJPH.

关键词： loneliness mental health social support university students

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Factors Affecting the Disposal and Recycling Practices of Household Consumers of Electrical and Electronic Equipment

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Cepeda-Hernández, Ingrid Katherine López-Pérez, Fredy Espinosa-López, Marco Tulio Arredondo-Orozco, Carlos Andrés Technology Society and Environment Research Group Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales Bogotá Colombia GIS Sustainability Research Group Universidad de Medellín Carrera 87 30-65 Office 4-101 Medellín050026 Colombia Science Technology Society and Environment Research Group Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales Bogotá Colombia GRINEN Research Group Energy Engineering Program Universidad de Medellín Carrera 87 No. 30-65 MedellínB4-104 Colombia

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is growing at an alarming rate, estimated to have risen between 3% and 5% in the last five years. Bogota, Colombia, generates approximately 5452 tons of WEEE annually, with only 13.3 tons recovered, resulting in a recovery rate of 0.25%. An online study surveyed 400 people in Bogotá to identify factors influencing consumer participation in WEEE disposal and recycling. The results revealed infrequent disposal and recycling practices due to various factors, including low awareness, deficient collection systems, remote collection sites, and a lack of government policies. Multidimensional cluster analysis identified four primary reasons for non-participation: low awareness and information, deficient collection systems, remote collection sites, and a lack of government policies. Four consumer typologies emerged, representing those who lack a relationship with their WEEE and those who engage in appropriate disposal practices guided by adequate knowledge about WEEE and its disposal. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Public policy

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Ozone pollution induced-yield loss of major staple crops in China and effects from COVID-19

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2025年 157卷 804-820页

作者： Haiyang Liu Siyuan Wang Guangsheng Chen Zhaozhong Feng Di Liu Wenxiu Zhang Shufen Pan Hanqin Tian State Key Laboratory For Ecological Security of Regions and Cities Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300 China School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China Department of Engineering and Environmental Studies Program Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467-9991 USA Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467-9991 USA Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467-9991 USA

Surface ozone (O 3 ) pollution showed a continuous increasing trend during the recent decades in China, posing an increasing threat to food security. A wide range of yield reductions have been reported and thus more studies are needed to narrow down the uncertainty resulting from spatiotemporal accuracy of O 3 metrics and extrapolation methods. Based on a high spatial resolution (0.1°) hourly surface O 3 data, here we analyzed the spatiotemporal O 3 pollution patterns and impacts on yield, production and economic losses for wheat, rice, and maize in China during 2005–2020. The accumulated O 3 exposure over a threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40) increased by 10 % during 2005–2019, and a decrease of 5.56 % was observed in 2020 due to the COVID-19 lockdowns. Rising O 3 pollution reduced national level wheat, rice and maize yields by 14.51 % ± 0.43 %, 11.10 % ± 0.6 %, and 3.99 % ± 0.11 %, respectively. A Business-As-Usual projection suggested that the relative yield loss (RYL) would potentially reach 8 %–18 % at the national scale by 2050 if no emission control is implemented. COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020 led to significantly reduced RYL for maize (0.52 %) and rice (2.17 %) but not for wheat (0.11 %), with the largest reduction (1.88 %–9.4 %) in North China Plain, highlighting the potential benefits of emission control. Our findings provided robust evidence that rising O 3 pollution has significantly affected China's crop yields, production and economic losses, underscoring the urgent need to curb O 3 pollution to safeguard food security, particularly in densely populated and industrialized regions.

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Ozone Pollution Induced-Yield Loss of Major Staple Crops in China and Effects from Covid-19

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Liu, Haiyang Tian, Hanqin Wang, Siyuan Chen, Guangsheng Feng, Zhaozhong Liu, Di Zhang, Wenxiu Pan, Shufen State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou311300 China School of Applied Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology China Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability Department of Engineering and Environmental Studies Program Boston College Chestnut HillMA United States Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Boston College Chestnut HillMA United States

Tropospheric ozone (O3) pollution can significantly affect crop yield. O3 concentrations are continuously rising in China. However, the long-term impacts of O3 pollution on crop yield over a long-term period have not yet well quantified due to the limitation of accurate spatiotemporal data and extrapolation methods. Based on a high resolution O3 dataset (HrSOD), here we analyzed the spatiotemporal O3 pollution patterns and their impacts on yield and resultant economic losses for wheat, rice, and maize in China during 2005-2020. Our results showed that daytime O3 concentrations (M7) increased by 2%, and AOT40 increased by 10% during 2005-2019. O3 trends diverged before and after China's 2013 Clean Air Action Plan between the southern and northern regions. Based on the observational data collected from literature and O3 gradient experiments in Asia, we fitted the O3 exposure-yield response curves, and then the relative yield loss (RYL) was assessed. Rising O3 pollution reduced national level wheat, rice and maize yields by 12.94-15.52%, 8.91-14.67%, and 4.13-4.9%, respectively, during 2005-2020. The O3-induced yield losses showed large spatiotemporal variations with higher losses in the northern China. Mean annual crop production losses reached 16.48 million tonnes (Mt) for wheat, 22.84 Mt for rice and 9.42 Mt for maize. The corresponding economic losses were USD 5.53 billion for wheat, 10.52 billion for rice and 1.70 billion for maize. While O3 declined across the southern China and the Tibetan Plateau, the northern China has witnessed an increased pollution and crop damage, highlighting the need for targeted mitigation policies in the northern China. Reduced O3 during 2020 COVID-19 lockdown period alleviated crop yield losses, demonstrating that curbing emissions could lessen damage. This long-term and high-resolution analysis provides robust evidence that rising O3 pollution has substantially affected China's staple cereal yields, causing considerable production an

关键词： COVID-19

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Granular nanocellulose derived from sugarcane bagasse and corn stover: Production, characterization, and its potential for lipid hydrolysis reduction

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Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications 2025年 10卷

作者： Chumchoochart, Warathorn Ketvaraporn, Tullawat Chandet, Nopakarn Saenjum, Chalermpong Tinoi, Jidapha Interdisciplinary Program in Biotechnology Multidisciplinary and Interdisciplinary School Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Research Center for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-based Economic and Society (I-ANALY-S-T_B.BES-CMU) Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand

Nanocellulose is an emerging biomaterial with diverse applications, including its potential use in food systems. Granular nanocellulose (GNC), a unique form of nanocellulose, has limited studies in terms of its production and effects on lipid hydrolysis. This work aimed to develop GNC from sugarcane bagasse and corn stover cellulose fibers, characterize their physicochemical properties and assess their impact on lipid digestion. Cellulose fibers were extracted via alkaline treatment and bleaching, achieving a purity of 92.5–94.2 %. GNC was subsequently produced using enzymatic and oxalic acid hydrolysis. Enzymatic hydrolysis yielded 25–32 % GNC-E (295–342 nm) with good dispersibility (-49.0 mV zeta potential), moderate homogeneity (PDI ∼0.4), and low crystallinity (CrI 29–32 %). Oxalic acid hydrolysis generated smaller GNC[sbnd]Ox (∼200 nm) with 21–36 % yields, lower crystallinity (CrI 20–24 %), and high dispersibility (-36.2 to -39.7 mV). At 0.02 % (w/v), all GNC significantly inhibited lipase activity and olive oil hydrolysis (relative activity: 60 – 77 %). GNC[sbnd]Ox reduced lipase activity to 60 % via physical adsorption, while GNC-E from sugarcane bagasse exhibited the greatest inhibition of lipid hydrolysis (53 %) through steric hindrance. These findings suggest that GNC can be effectively produced and have potential applications as food additives to regulate lipid digestion. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Cellulose Food additive Granular nanocellulose Lipase activity Lipid hydrolysis Nanocellulose

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Tackling loopholes in experimental tests of bell’s inequality

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Kaiser, David I. Program in Science Technology and Society Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

Bell’s inequality sets a strict threshold for how strongly correlated the outcomes of measurements on two or more particles can be, if the outcomes of each measurement are independent of actions undertaken at arbitrarily distant locations. Quantum mechanics, on the other hand, predicts that measurements on particles in entangled states can be more strongly correlated than Bell’s inequality would allow. Whereas experimental tests conducted over the past half-century have consistently measured violations of Bell’s inequality—consistent with the predictions of quantum mechanics—the experiments have been subject to one or more "loopholes," by means of which certain alternatives to quantum theory could remain consistent with the experimental results. This chapter reviews three of the most significant loopholes, often dubbed the "locality," "fair-sampling," and "freedom-of-choice" loopholes, and describes how recent experiments have addressed them. Forthcoming in the Oxford Handbook of the History of Interpretations of Quantum Physics, ed. Olival Freire, Jr. (Oxford University Press, 2021). Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bells

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Ethics in human–AI teaming: principles and perspectives

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AI and Ethics 2022年第3期3卷 917-935页

作者： Pflanzer, Michael Traylor, Zachary Lyons, Joseph B. Dubljević, Veljko Nam, Chang S. Communications Rhetoric and Digital Media (CRDM) program North Carolina State University Raleigh USA Science Technology and Society (STS) Program North Carolina State University Raleigh USA Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh USA Air Force Research Laboratory 711th Human Performance Wing Wright-Patterson AFB Dayton USA Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies North Carolina State University Raleigh USA

Ethical considerations are the fabric of society, and they foster cooperation, help, and sacrifice for the greater good. Advances in AI create a greater need to examine ethical considerations involving the development and implementation of such systems. Integrating ethics into artificial intelligence-based programs is crucial for preventing negative outcomes, such as privacy breaches and biased decision making. Human–AI teaming (HAIT) presents additional challenges, as the ethical principles and moral theories that provide justification for them are not yet computable by machines. To that effect, models of human judgments and decision making, such as the agent-deed-consequence (ADC) model, will be crucial to inform the ethical guidance functions in AI team mates and to clarify how and why humans (dis)trust machines. The current paper will examine the ADC model as it is applied to the context of HAIT, and the challenges associated with the use of human-centric ethical considerations when applied to an AI context.

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