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Advancements in graphene-based composites: A review of the emerging applications in healthcare

Smart Materials in Medicine 2025年第1期6卷 120-138页

作者： Batool, Farwa Muhammad, Saz Muazzam, Rabia Waqas, Muhammad Ullah, Zia Roy, Shubham Zhang, Yinghe Wang, Ke Guo, Bing Department of Chemistry Lahore Garrison University DHA Phase VI Lahore Pakistan School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China School of Science Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518055 China Government Queen Mary Graduate College Lahore Pakistan

Graphene and related materials are emerging revolutionary materials due to fascinating stimuli-responsive physiochemical properties having widespread applications in developing advanced nano-systems for detection, diagnostics, and therapeutics in biomedical fields. Various materials like metal nanoparticles, polymers, dyes, drugs, and proteins could be combined yielding graphene-based composite materials (GBCMs) to synergistically fulfill different biomedical requirements. The 2D conjugated structure, easy surface functionalization via covalent or van der Waal interactions, and combination with different components for versatile functionalities altogether contribute to the development of GBCM for healthcare applications. This review specifically focuses on GBCMs and discusses specific material properties relevant to their material applications in healthcare. Furthermore, the synthesis, toxicity, and biocompatibility of these GBCMs, and their interactions with biological materials are thoroughly discussed. Importantly, the recent cutting-edge applications in the field of healthcare, including its role in the development of antibacterial, anti-viral, and photothermal therapies, wound healing, drug delivery, neurodegenerative disease therapy, and biosensing based on GBCMs are well-updated. Additionally, the applications of GBCMs in point-of-care devices, wearable electronics, and tissue engineering are well summarized. We hope this review opens up more possibilities to design more innovative healthcare materials derived from graphene. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Biocompatibility

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Mechanical performance of stiffened CFRP panel cured via magnetic particle-induced in-situ heating

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Fuhe Cailiao Xuebao/Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica 2025年第5期42卷 2528-2536页

作者： Xu, Yurong Hu, Xiafen Sun, Ao Liang, Jiqiu Wu, Dan Hao, Lei Wei, Junjie Li, Yichao School of Aerospace Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Aerospace Propulsion Technology System Design Institute of Hubei Aerospace Technology Academy Wuhan430040 China

With the development trend of large and complexity of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) structures, the conventional oven or autoclave molding method exposes problems such as size limitation, long fabrication time, low energy utilization, uneven curing, etc., and there is an urgent need to explore new composite molding method. In this paper, a new fabrication method to cure CFRP based on electromagnetic induction in-situ heating was investigated by using Mn-Zn ferrite as a heating carrier. The heating characteristics, mechanical properties and porosity of stiffened CFRP panels with two kinds of complex layups, T-shape and I-shape, were investigated, and comparative analyses were carried out with the counterpart specimens cured by an oven. The results show that the induction method can achieve in-situ, uniform, temperature-controlled and lay-up angle independent heating and curing for both two types panels. Under the condition of 13wt% Mn-Zn ferrite addition and 5.5 h induction heating, the flexural stiffness of the T-shaped panel is increased by 5.2% and the maximum load is increased by 11.2% compared to the oven-formed specimen under the same curing time. The buckling load of the I-beam reinforced panel increases by 3.3% compared to the oven-molded specimen. However, the porosity of the two types of panels increase slightly by 0.4% and 0.3%. The results obtained in this paper provide important guidance for the engineering application of electromagnetic induction curing process in the fabrication of CFRP composite structures. © 2025 Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (BUAA). All rights reserved.

关键词： Machinability

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Cybersecurity Risk Assessment of Nuclear Svdu Based on Attack Tree

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Wu, Yanqun Wang, Junfeng Ma, Quan Liu, Mingxing Chen, Meiyuan College of Computer Science Sichuan University Chengdu610065 China Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu610000 China

The nuclear power SVDU in nuclear power plants is an important component of the nuclear reactor protection system. With the complete digitalization of the reactor protection system, the risks of cybersecurity attacks have significantly increased. This paper proposes a safety risk assessment method based on an attack tree model to analyze the risk status of the nuclear power SVDU and assess its risk level and security level. Firstly, the typical information security threats faced by nuclear power SVDU are analyzed. Subsequently, an attack tree model of the system is constructed based on the STRIDE model, with four security attributes assigned to the leaf nodes of the tree with reference to the CVSS4.0 system and multi-attribute utility theory. These attributes are quantified through level scoring, and the risk probability of the leaf nodes is calculated using entropy weighting. The risk probability of the root node is then obtained based on the dependency relationship between nodes. Finally, the security risk rating of nuclear power SVDU is obtained. Experimental results demonstrate that the method in this paper more accurately identifies high-risk security threats, predicts possible attack paths, and provides a basis for security protection strategy selection. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： reactor shielding

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Enhancing Routing Performance Through Trajectory Planning With DRL in UAV-Aided VANETs

IEEE Transactions on Machine Learning in Communications and ...

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IEEE Transactions on Machine Learning in Communications and Networking 2025年 3卷 517-533页

作者： Chen, Jingxuan Huang, Dianrun Wang, Yijie Yu, Ziping Zhao, Zhongliang Cao, Xianbin Liu, Yang Quek, Tony Q. S. Oliver Wu, Dapeng Beihang University School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing100191 China State Key Laboratory of CNS/ATM Beijing100191 China Nanyang Technological University School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore Singapore University of Technology and Design Information System Technology and Design Pillar Somapah Rd 487372 Singapore Yonsei University Yonsei Frontier Laboratory Seoul03722 Korea Republic of City University of Hong Kong Department of Computer Science Kowloon Hong Kong

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) have gained significant attention as a key enabler for intelligent transportation systems, facilitating vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. Despite their potential, VANETs face critical challenges in maintaining reliable end-to-end connectivity due to their highly dynamic topology and sparse node distribution, particularly in areas with limited infrastructure coverage. Addressing these limitations is crucial for advancing the reliability and scalability of VANETs. To bridge these gaps, this work introduces a heterogeneous UAV-aided VANET framework that leverages uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as autonomous aerial vehicles, to enhance data transmission. The key contributions of this paper include: 1) the design of a novel adaptive dual-model routing (ADMR) protocol that operates in two modes: direct vehicle clustering for intra-cluster communication and UAV/RSU-assisted routing for inter-cluster communication;2) the development of a modified density-based clustering algorithm (MDBSCAN) for dynamic vehicle node clustering;and 3) an improved UAV trajectory planning method based on a multi-agent soft actor-critic (MASAC) deep reinforcement learning algorithm, which optimizes network reachability. Simulation results reveal that the UAV trajectory optimization method achieves higher network reachability ratios compared to existing approaches. Also, the proposed ADMR protocol improves the packet delivery ratio (PDR) while maintaining low end-to-end latency. These findings demonstrate the potential to enhance VANET performance, while also providing valuable insights for the development of intelligent transportation systems and related fields. © 2025 The Authors.

关键词： Vehicular ad hoc networks

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Experimental Study on Fretting Wear Characteristic of Zr-4 Alloy

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Yuanzineng Kexue Jishu/Atomic Energy science and technology 2025年第4期59卷 891-899页

作者： Liu, Haidong He, Kai Fu, Jinsheng Li, Zhengyang Pu, Zengping Ren, Quanyao Chen, Deqi Wang, Ningyuan Liangjiang International College Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing401135 China between Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing Research Institute of Harbin Institute of Technology Chongqing401135 China Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu610213 China Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems Ministry of Education Chongqing University Chongqing400044 China

Nuclear energy, as a safe, clean, and efficient low-carbon energy source, has become an important option for achieving sustainable energy and power development. However, during the operation of pressurized water reactors, flow-induced vibrations can trigger fretting wear behavior in Zr-4 alloy cladding, causing damage to the contact surface and leading to the failure of nuclear fuel assemblies, potentially resulting in the leakage of nuclear fission products. To investigate the fretting wear characteristics of Zr-4 alloy cladding, a fretting wear experimental device was independently designed and constructed for studying the wear behavior of Zr-4 alloy under line contact with different displacement amplitudes. The fretting wear of Zr-4 alloy was divided into three zones based on displacement amplitude: low wear zone, accelerated wear zone, and stable wear zone. A white light interferometer was used to obtain the 3D morphology and wear quantities (wear volume and maximum wear depth) of the damaged areas, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analyze the microscopic morphology and elemental distribution of the damaged areas. The microstructural characteristics of the fretting wear zones in Zr-4 alloy were studied, focusing on the changes in micro-morphology, elemental composition, and wear mechanisms. The results indicate that an increase in displacement amplitude intensifies the wear phenomena, with maximum wear depth and wear volume increasing. Particularly, in the accelerated wear zone, fretting wear to Zr-4 alloy deteriorates more rapidly. The growth rates of both maximum wear depth and wear volume reach their peak and then decrease. Throughout the fretting wear process, metal oxides such as Zr, Fe, and Cr are generated and removed from the wear zones. The Fe content in the damaged area gradually decreases and stabilizes, while the oxygen content initially increases, reaching a peak in the accelerated wear z

关键词： Cladding (coating)

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Improvement and Validation of system Code for Thermal-hydraulic Analysis of In-pool Passive Residual Heat Removal system

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Yuanzineng Kexue Jishu/Atomic Energy science and technology 2025年第4期59卷 858-866页

作者： Lian, Qiang Zhu, Longxiang Tang, Simiao Huang, Tao Zhang, Yong Pan, Liangming Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems Ministry of Education Chongqing University Chongqing400044 China Department of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Chongqing University Chongqing400044 China Postdoctoral Station of Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics Chongqing University Chongqing400044 China Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu610213 China

After Fukushima nuclear accident, the passive concept is widely adopted in the thermal safety design of advanced nuclear reactors. The in-pool passive residual heat removal system (PRHRS) can also provide security guarantee for the domestic reactor HPR1000 without driving of the external power. Although RELAP5 code has been extensively validated for thermal-hydraulic transients in nuclear reactor, it underestimates the heat exchanging power and the system flow rate in the in-pool PRHRS due to the lack of specialized model for in-pool heat exchanger. Therefore, the model development for the in-pool heat exchanger is necessary for accurate simulation of PRHRS and safety assessment of the reactor system. In this study, the in-pool bundle boiling model and large-diameter tube condensation model were selected and implemented in RELAP5 code as the in-pool heat exchanger model. Firstly, the relevant heat transfer models in original RELAP5 were evaluated. The results show that Chen correlation developed initially for in-tube boiling is not suitable for bundle boiling heat transfer. Thus Cooper correlation developed initially for in-pool boiling considering the surface roughness is used to replace Chen correlation for the bundle geometry. On the other hand, the calculation in original RELAP5 for in-tube condensation encounters some faults under the condition with low gas speed in the natural circulation of PRHRS. The Shah method modified through fluid viscosity and pressure is chosen for the calculation of condensation heat transfer coefficient in the large-diameter tube. Secondly, the separate effect validation was carried out for the two heat transfer models. For the validation of in-pool bundle boiling model, the root-mean-square error of the heat transfer coefficient predicted by the improved RELAP5 is reduced to 16.2%, compared to the value of 53.8% obtained by the original code. For the validation of in-tube condensation model, the root-mean-square error of the heat fl

关键词： Nuclear reactor accidents

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NO reduction by carbon-based gases based on coal gasification fractions:NO reduction intermediate identification and kinetic analysis

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Frontiers of Environmental science & Engineering 2025年第3期19卷 175-189页

作者： Xiang Zhang Jian Tian Tanghui Hu Guangyong Yue Xianlong Liu Wen Zhou Xiaohong Liu Xinye Wang Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials Hubei Engineering Research Center for Green Industrialization Technology of Industrial WasteSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHubei UniversityWuhan 430062China Hubei Huda Tianshu New Energy Materials Industrial Research and Design Institute Co. Ltd.Wuhan 430062China Wuhan Tianshu Dust Removal Equipment Co. Ltd.Wuhan 430062China Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion&Emission Control Technology of Jiangsu Province School of Energy and Mechanical EngineeringNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210042China

Combining pulverized coal gasifiers with cement kiln production is promising for application in low-cost and efficient NO *** paper presents a pulverized coal gasifier catalytic denitration technique and investigates the homogeneous reduction(by CO and CH_(4))and heterogeneous catalytic reduction(by coke,CaO,MgO,and Fe_(2)O_(3))of NO.A combination of Chemkin simulations and fixed-bed experiments is used to elucidate the reaction pathways and key intermediates of NO reduction by carbon-based *** addition,the activation energies for different catalyst combinations were analyzed via reaction *** results demonstrate that the presence of small amounts of O_(2) inhibits NO reduction by CO but promotes NO reduction by CH_(4).The NCO·radical is essential for the NO reduction process,and the generation of this radical depends on the CH_(4) cleavage intermediate and O·*** and Fe_(2)O_(3) exhibit more significant catalytic effects on NO reduction by carbon-based gases than the other catalysts *** presence of a small amount of O_(2) in the reacting gas mixtures facilitates the NO reduction *** activation energy is reduced to 1.02 kJ/mol,and the NO conversion reaches 99.80%when the catalyst is C+CaO+MgO+Fe_(2)O_(3) and the gas composition is CO+CH_(4)+O_(2).This work provides theoretical support and data recommendations for the use of pulverized coal gasifiers for the denitrification of cement kilns.

关键词： Carbon-based gas Catalytic denitration Coke Kinetic analysis Reaction mechanism

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Deep learning-based dual monitoring system for power forecasting and fault detection in nuclear power applications

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Energy and AI 2025年 20卷

作者： Lyu, Mingzhe Gong, Helin Chen, Zhang Wang, Jiangyu Zhong, Mingxiao Wang, Zhiyong Li, Qing Pan, Zefei School of Mathematical Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China Shanghai Zhangjiang Institute of Mathematics Shanghai201203 China Paris Elite Institute of Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu610041 China CNNP Operation Maintenance Technology Co. Ltd Hangzhou311215 China

Monitoring key parameters in nuclear power plant control rooms is critical, as human errors can result in severe safety and operational consequences. This study proposes a hybrid framework for power prediction and fault detection that integrates multi-head self-attention mechanisms with long short-term memory networks, combined with a dual-monitoring system. The framework is evaluated using real-time data from two pressurized water reactor units (Units 5 and 6) under four realistic operational scenarios. In the most informative case, the model achieves a 56.6% reduction in root mean square error and a 36.8% reduction in mean absolute error, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9924—significantly outperforming the next-best benchmark. For fault diagnosis, the dual-monitoring system reduces the false negative rate to 18.73% and improves recall to 81.27%, demonstrating strong anomaly detection under complex conditions. By combining short-term fluctuation sensitivity with long-term trend stability, the proposed approach offers a robust and generalizable solution for intelligent monitoring. These findings advance the development of artificial intelligence–enhanced systems for secure and efficient operation of critical energy infrastructure. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Deep learning

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3D-printable polyacrylamide/quaternary chitosan-based multifunctional hydrogel flexible sensors

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Reactive and Functional Polymers 2025年 214卷

作者： Wang, Dingxin Mei, Lin Liu, Qian Zou, Xinhao Pan, Shaoshan Xu, Tianyu Zhao, Panfeng Luo, Tianzhi CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials Department of Modern Mechanics CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China

Hydrogel-based wearable flexible pressure sensors show great potential for applications in human health and motion monitoring. However, fabricating hydrogel sensors with excellent mechanical properties, sensitivity, and stability remains challenging. In this study, we developed a poloxamer-quaternized chitosan-polyacrylamide (P407/QCS-PAAm) hydrogel with multifunctional capabilities. These hydrogels exhibit high strength, impact resistance, excellent electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and outstanding antimicrobial properties. Due to the dynamic hydrogen bonding provided by QCS, the mechanical properties of the hydrogel can be adjusted by regulating the QCS content, achieving tensile strengths ranging from 0.14 to 0.47 MPa and compressive strengths from 2.07 to 5.49 MPa. The quaternary ammonium groups carried by QCS enhance the gel's conductivity (0.29 S/m) and its bacteriostatic effects. Furthermore, the incorporation of P407 improves the hydrogel's hydrophilicity. These properties make the gel an excellent biosafety material for wearable devices. Notably, the hydrogel precursor exhibits rate-tunable sol-gel transition properties, enabling 3D printing. The 3D-printed P407/QCS-PAAm hydrogel sensors demonstrate high sensitivity (GF © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Tensile strength

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Magnitude,distribution and temporal trend of nitrous oxide emissions from China's natural soils over 1980–2022

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science China Earth sciences 2025年第4期68卷 1074-1085页

作者： Songbai HONG Zimeng LI Mingsong TANG Fa LI Yitong YAO Yanzi YAN Mingzhu HE Xuhui WANG Hui ZENG Shilong PIAO School of Urban Planning and Design Shenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking UniversityShenzhen518055China Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Human-Earth Relations Ministry of Natural Resources of ChinaShenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking UniversityShenzhen518055China Institute of Carbon Neutrality Sino-French Institute for Earth System ScienceCollege of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China Department of Earth System Science Stanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA91125USA Department of Soil and Environment Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsala75007Sweden Joint International Research Laboratory of Catastrophe Simulation and Systemic Risk Governance Beijing Normal UniversityZhuhai519087China School of National Safety and Emergency Management Beijing Normal UniversityZhuhai519807China

Soils represent the largest contributor to global nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)***,current research efforts predominantly focus on N_(2)O emissions from agricultural soils,while studies on N_(2)O emissions from natural soils,another significant source,remain *** this study,we explored the magnitude,spatiotemporal dynamics,and drivers of N_(2)O emissions from China's natural soils over the period 1980–2022 via machine learning and a compiled novel dataset of 319 field *** results revealed that the N_(2)O flux per unit area was generally higher in the southeast compared to the northwest,and higher in forests than in *** spatial and biome heterogeneity was strongly regulated by local hydrothermal conditions and nitrogen *** averaged N_(2)O emissions over the study period were 646.2±27 Gg N_(2)O yr^(-1),with approximately equivalent contributions from forests and ***,there exhibited a significant and increasing trend from 1980 to 2022,with a rate of 2.7 Gg N_(2)O yr^(-2).Such an increase was primarily driven by the expansion of forested area and elevated nitrogen *** data-driven study presents a long-term and gridded estimate of N_(2)O emissions from China's natural soils,emphasizing the need for future research on changes of greenhouse gas emissions induced by land use change and nitrogen deposition.

关键词： Nitrous oxide Spatiotemporal dynamics Nitrogen deposition Forests Grasslands Data-driven estimates

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