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arXiv 2023年

作者： Xu, Yi Ouchi, Masami Isobe, Yuki Nakajima, Kimihiko Ozaki, Shinobu Bouché, Nicolas F. Wise, John H. Emsellem, Eric Kusakabe, Haruka Hattori, Takashi Nagao, Tohru Chiaki, Gen Fukushima, Hajime Harikane, Yuichi Hayashi, Kohei Hirai, Yutaka Kim, Ji Hoon Maseda, Michael V. Nagamine, Kentaro Shibuya, Takatoshi Sugahara, Yuma Yajima, Hidenobu Aoyama, Shohei Fujimoto, Seiji Fukushima, Keita Hatano, Shun Inoue, Akio K. Ishigaki, Tsuyoshi Kawasaki, Masahiro Kojima, Takashi Komiyama, Yutaka Koyama, Shuhei Koyama, Yusei Lee, Chien-Hsiu Matsumoto, Akinori Mawatari, Ken Moriya, Takashi J. Motohara, Kentaro Murai, Kai Nishigaki, Moka Onodera, Masato Ono, Yoshiaki Rauch, Michael Saito, Tomoki Sasaki, Rin Suzuki, Akihiro Takeuchi, Tsutomu T. Umeda, Hiroya Umemura, Masayuki Watanabe, Kuria Yabe, Kiyoto Zhang, Yechi Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8583 Japan Department of Physics Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan Univ Lyon Univ Lyon1 ENS de Lyon CNRS Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574 Saint-Genis-LavalF-69230 France Center for Relativistic Astrophysics School of Physics Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States European Southern Observatory Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2 Garching85748 Germany Observatoire de Genéve Université de Genéve 51 Ch. des Maillettes Versoix1290 Switzerland 650 North A’ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States Research Center for Space and Cosmic Evolution Ehime University Bunkyo-cho 2-5 Ehime Matsuyama790-8577 Japan Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba Ten-nodai 1-1-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8577 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London Gower Street LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom National Institute of Technology Ichinoseki College Hagisho Ichinoseki021-8511 Japan Astronomical Institute Tohoku University 6-3 Aoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Miyagi Sendai980-8578 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Notre Dame 225 Nieuwland Science Hall Notre DameIN46556 United States Astronomy Program Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of SNU Astronomy Research Center Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Astronomy University of Wisconsin-Madison 475 N. Charter Street MadisonWI53706 United States Theoretical Astrophysics Department of Earth & Space S

We present demography of the dynamics and gas-mass fraction of 33 extremely metal-poor galaxies (EMPGs) with metallicities of 0.015 − 0.195 Zo and low stellar masses of 104 − 108 Mo in the local universe. We conduct deep optical integral-field spectroscopy (IFS) for the low-mass EMPGs with the medium high resolution (R = 7500) grism of the 8m-Subaru FOCAS IFU instrument by the EMPRESS 3D survey, and investigate Hα emission of the EMPGs. Exploiting the resolution high enough for the low-mass galaxies, we derive gas dynamics with the Hα lines by the fitting of 3-dimensional disk models. We obtain an average maximum rotation velocity (vrot) of 15 ± 3 km s−1 and an average intrinsic velocity dispersion (σ0) of 27 ± 10 km s−1 for 15 spatially resolved EMPGs out of the 33 EMPGs, and find that all of the 15 EMPGs have vrot/σ0 rot/σ0 with the decreasing stellar mass and metallicity. We derive the gas mass fraction (fgas) for all of the 33 EMPGs, and find no clear dependence on stellar mass and metallicity. These vrot/σ0 and fgas trends should be compared with young high-z galaxies observed by the forthcoming JWST IFS programs to understand the physical origins of the EMPGs in the local universe. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Galaxies

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Shot noise in a strange metal

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Chen, Liyang Lowder, Dale T. Bakali, Emine Andrews, Aaron Maxwell Schrenk, Werner Waas, Monika Svagera, Robert Eguchi, Gaku Prochaska, Lukas Wang, Yiming Setty, Chandan Sur, Shouvik Si, Qimiao Paschen, Silke Natelson, Douglas Applied Physics Graduate Program Rice University 6100 Main St. HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice Center for Quantum Materials Rice University 6100 Main St. HoustonTX77005 United States Institute of Solid State Physics TU Wien Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10 Vienna1040 Austria Institute of Solid State Electronics TU Wien Gußhausstraße 25-25a Gebäude CH Vienna1040 Austria Center for Micro and Nanostructures TU Wien Gußhausstraße 25-25a Gebäude CH Vienna1040 Austria Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University 6100 Main St. HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University 6100 Main St. HoustonTX77005 United States

Strange-metal behavior has been observed in materials ranging from high-temperature superconductors to heavy fermion metals. In conventional metals, current is carried by quasiparticles;although it has been suggested that quasiparticles are absent in strange metals, direct experimental evidence is lacking. We measured shot noise to probe the granularity of the current-carrying excitations in nanowires of the heavy fermion strange metal YbRh2Si2. When compared with conventional metals, shot noise in these nanowires is strongly suppressed. This suppression cannot be attributed to either electron-phonon or electron-electron interactions in a Fermi liquid, which suggests that the current is not carried by well-defined quasiparticles in the strange-metal regime that we probed. Our work sets the stage for similar studies of other strange metals. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanowires

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Bilayer photonic graphene

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Oudich, Mourad Su, Guangxu Deng, Yuanchen Benalcazar, Wladimir Huang, Renwen Gerard, Nikhil J.R.K. Lu, Minghui Zhan, Peng Jing, Yun Graduate Program in Acoustics The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Université de Lorraine CNRS Institut Jean Lamour NancyF-54000 France National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China Department of Physics The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16801 United States Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering North Carolina State University RaleighNC27695 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing University NanjingJiangsu210093 China

Drawing inspiration from bilayer graphene, this paper introduces its photonic analog comprising two stacked graphene-like photonic crystals, that are coupled in the near-field through spoof surface plasmons. Beyond the twist degree of freedom that can radically alter the band structure of the bilayer photonic graphene, the photonic dispersion can be also tailored via the interlayer coupling which exhibits an exponential dependence on the distance between the two photonic crystals. We theoretically, numerically, and experimentally characterize the band structures of AA- and AB-stacked bilayer photonic graphene, as well as for twisted bilayer photonic graphene with even and odd sublattice exchange symmetries. Furthermore, we numerically predict the existence of magic angles in bilayer photonic graphene, which are associated with ultra-flat bands resulted from interlayer hybridization. Finally, we demonstrate that the bilayer photonic graphene at a particular twist angle satisfying even sublattice exchange symmetry is a high-order photonic topological insulator. The proposed bilayer photonic graphene could constitute a useful platform for identifying new quantum materials and inspiring next-generation photonic devices with new degrees of freedom and emerging functionality. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Graphene

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The structural, vibrational, and mechanical properties of jammed packings of deformable particles in three dimensions

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Wang, Dong Treado, John D. Boromand, Arman Norwick, Blake Murrell, Michael P. Shattuck, Mark D. O'Hern, Corey S. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Systems Biology Institute Yale University West HavenCT06516 United States Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department The City College of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

We investigate the structural, vibrational, and mechanical properties of jammed packings of deformable particles with shape degrees of freedom in three dimensions (3D). Each 3D deformable particle is modeled as a surface-triangulated polyhedron, with spherical vertices whose positions are determined by a shape-energy function with terms that constrain the particle surface area, volume, and curvature, and prevent interparticle overlap. We show that jammed packings of deformable particles without bending energy possess low-frequency, quartic vibrational modes, whose number decreases with increasing asphericity and matches the number of missing contacts relative to the isostatic value. In contrast, jammed packings of deformable particles with non-zero bending energy are isostatic in 3D, with no quartic modes. We find that the contributions to the eigenmodes of the dynamical matrix from the shape degrees of freedom are significant over the full range of frequency and shape parameters for particles with zero bending energy. We further show that the ensembleaveraged shear modulus hGi scales with pressure P as hGi ∼ pβ, with β ≈ 0.75 for jammed packings of deformable particles with zero bending energy. In contrast, β ≈ 0.5 for packings of deformable particles with non-zero bending energy, which matches the value for jammed packings of soft, spherical particles with fixed shape. These studies underscore the importance of incorporating particle deformability and shape change when modeling the properties of jammed soft materials. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Degrees of freedom (mechanics)

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Cover Feature: Clarification on the Gassing Behavior of Carbon-Coated Li4Ti5O12at Elevated Temperature: Importance of Coating Coverage (Batteries & Supercaps 6/2022)

引用

Batteries & Supercaps 2022年第6期5卷

作者： Kaviarasan Govindarajan Dr. Ralph Nicolai Nasara Prof. Shih-kang Lin Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan 70101 Taiwan Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto 615-8510 Japan Hierarchical Green-Energy Materials (Hi-GEM) Research Center National Cheng Kung University Tainan 70101 Taiwan Program on Smart and Sustainable Manufacturing Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing National Cheng Kung University Tainan 70101 Taiwan Core Facility Center National Cheng Kung University Tainan 70101 Taiwan

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Enhanced meta-displays using advanced phase-change materials

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Hemmatyar, Omid Abdollahramezani, Sajjad Zeimpekis, Ioannis Lepeshov, Sergey Krasnok, Alex Khan, Asir Intisar Neilson, Kathryn M. Teichrib, Christian Brown, Tyler Pop, Eric Hewak, Daniel W. Wuttig, Matthias Alù, Andrea Muskens, Otto L. Adibi, Ali School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 778 Atlantic Drive NW AtlantaGA30332-0250 United States Zepler Institute Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Southampton SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom ITMO University St. Petersburg197101 Russia Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Materials Science and Engineering Precourt Institute for Energy Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Physikalisches Institut IA RWTH Aachen Sommerfeldstrasse 14 Aachen52074 Germany Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY10016 United States Physics and Astronomy Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Southampton SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom

Structural colors generated due to light scattering from static all-dielectric metasurfaces have successfully enabled high-resolution, high-saturation, and wide-gamut color printing applications. Despite recent advances, most demonstrations of these structure-dependent colors lack post-fabrication tunability. This hinders their applicability for front-end dynamic display technologies. Phase-change materials (PCMs), with significant contrast of their optical properties between their amorphous and crystalline states, have demonstrated promising potentials in reconfigurable nanophotonics. Herein, we leverage tunable all-dielectric reflective metasurfaces made of newly emerged classes of low-loss optical PCMs, i.e., antimony trisulphide (Sb2S3) and antimony triselenide (Sb2Se3), with superb characteristics to realize switchable, high-saturation, high-efficiency and high-resolution dynamic meta-pixels. Exploiting polarization-sensitive building blocks, the presented meta-pixel can generate two different colors when illuminated by either one of two orthogonally polarized incident beams. Such degrees of freedom (i.e., material phase and polarization state) enable a single reconfigurable metasurface with fixed geometrical parameters to generate four distinct wide-gamut colors. We experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, an electrically-driven micro-scale display through the integration of phase-change metasurfaces with an on-chip heater formed by transparent conductive oxide. Our experimental findings enable a versatile platform suitable for a wide range of applications, including tunable full-color printing, enhanced dynamic displays, information encryption, and anti-counterfeiting. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Light scattering

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All-Electric Ship Sustainable Power from Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cells

All-Electric Ship Sustainable Power from Alkaline Membrane F...

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IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium, ESTS

作者： Rodrigo C. Raimundo José V. C. Vargas Juan C. Ordonez Graduate Program in Materials Science Engineering and Sustainable Energy Research and Development Center Federal University of Paraná UFPR Curitiba Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering Florida State University FSU Tallahassee FL USA

This work proposes a system that combines H2 produced by Al oxidation in water using NaOH as catalyst, and a fuel cell stack to generate power. A cellulosic membrane avoids the use of asbestos (carcinogenic) and ammonia (toxic) based membranes. Aluminum is inexpensive, abundant and fully recyclable. A sustainable alkaline membrane fuel cell (SAMFC) stack with four single cells, the reactor, and CO 2 purifier were built. The results are presented in polarization and power curves. Even with recycled aluminum, the results demonstrate that the SAMFC stack delivered 3.73 V in open circuit and ~3 W of maximum power, which is similar to the stack operating with pure H2. Taking into account that H2 could also be generated by aluminum corrosion in seawater, the main conclusion is that with in situ sustainable H2 production, the SAMFC stack has the potential to become economically competitive, and replace traditional AES power sources.

关键词： Fuel cells Aluminum Voltage measurement Prototypes Electrolytes Current measurement Marine vehicles

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New type of half-metallic fully compensated ferrimagnet

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Semboshi, S. Umetsu, Rie Y. Kawahito, Y. Akai, H. Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Sendai980-8577 Japan Center for Spintronics Research Network Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Sendai980-8577 Japan Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics 2-1-1 Katahira Sendai980-8577 Japan Advanced Science-Technology Research Program Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology 2-15 Natsushima Yokosuka Kanagawa237-0061 Japan Department of Applied Physics Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka565-0871 Japan The Institute for Solid State Physics The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Chiba Kashiwa277-8581 Japan

Half-metallic fully compensated ferrimagnets (HM-FCFMs), a special class of half-metals exhibiting zero magnetization at absolute zero, are promising candidates for next-generation spintronics applications. For over 25 years, theoretical studies have been conducted to realize HM-FCFM materials for practical applications. Herein, we experimentally demonstrate a NiAs-type hexagonal-structured (CrFe)S compound that could serve as an HM-FCFM material. It has a half-metallic nature, with 100% spin-polarized Fermi surfaces and zero magnetization. Further, the magnetization shows a linear behavior as a function of the magnetic field below the compensation temperature of around 200 K, with high magnetic coercivity of 38 kOe at 300 K. These magnetic features are expected to contribute to a quantum leap in the application of HM-FCFM layers in spintronics devices. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ferrimagnetism

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Reconfigurable Hyperbolic Polaritonics with Correlated Oxide Metasurfaces

Research Square

引用

Research Square 2021年

作者： Aghamiri, Neda Alsadat Hu, Guangwei Fali, Alireza Zhang, Zhen Li, Jiahan Balendhran, Sivacarendran Walia, Sumeet Sriram, Sharath Edgar, James H. Ramanathan, Shriram Alù, Andrea Abate, Yohannes Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Georgia AthensGA30602 United States Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Kent Ridge Singapore117583 Singapore School of Materials Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering Kansas State University ManhattanKN 66506 United States School of Physics University of Melbourne ParkvilleVIC3010 Australia School of Engineering RMIT University MelbourneVIC Australia Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group Micro Nano Research Facility RMIT University MelbourneVIC Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems RMIT University MelbourneVIC Australia Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY10016 United States

Polaritons enable subwavelength confinement and highly anisotropic flows of light over a wide spectral range, holding the promise for applications in modern nanophotonic and optoelectronic devices. However, to fully realize their practical application potential, facile methods enabling nanoscale active control of polaritons are needed. Here, we introduce a hybrid polaritonic-oxide heterostructure platform consisting of van der Waals crystals, such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) or alpha-phase molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3), transferred on nanoscale oxygen vacancy patterns on the surface of prototypical correlated perovskite oxide SmNiO3 (SNO). Using a combination of scanning probe microscopy and infrared nanoimaging techniques, we demonstrate nanoscale real-time reconfigurability of complex hyperbolic phonon polaritons patterned at the nanoscale with unmatched resolution. Hydrogenation and temperature modulation allow spatially localized conductivity modulation of SNO nanoscale patterns, enabling robust real-time modulation and nanoscale reconfiguration of hyperbolic polaritons. Our work paves the way towards nanoscale programmable metasurface engineering as a new paradigm for reconfigurable nanophotonic applications facilitated by a hybrid material platform exploiting extreme light-matter interactions in polaritonic systems. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Polariton

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Room temperature tunable coupling of single photon emitting quantum dots to localized and delocalized modes in plasmonic nanocavity array

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Yadav, Ravindra Kumar Liu, Wenxiao Li, Ran Odom, Teri W. Agarwal, Girish S. Basu, Jaydeep K. Department of Physics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore560012 India Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory for Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices Xi0an Jiaotong University Xi0an710049 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern LemontIL60439 United States Department of Chemistry Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States

Single photon sources (SPS), especially those based on solid state quantum emitters, are key elements in future quantum technologies. What is required is the development of broadband, high quantum efficiency, room temperature SPS which can also be tunably coupled to optical cavities which could lead to development of all-optical quantum communication platforms. In this regard deterministic coupling of SPS to plasmonic nanocavity arrays has great advantage due to long propagation length and delocalized nature of surface lattice resonances (SLRs). Guided by these considerations, we report experiments on the room temperature tunable coupling of single photon emitting colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) to localised and delocalised modes in plasmonic nanocavity arrays. Using time-resolved photo-luminescence measurement on isolated CQD, we report significant advantage of SLRs in realizing much higher Purcell effect, despite large dephasing of CQDs, with values of ∼ 22 and ∼ 6 for coupling to the lattice and localised modes, respectively. We present measurements on the antibunching of CQDs coupled to these modes with g(2)(0) values in quantum domain providing evidence for an effective cooperative behavior. We present a density matrix treatment of the coupling of CQDs to plasmonic and lattice modes enabling us to model the experimental results on Purcell factors as well as on the antibunching. We also provide experimental evidence of indirect excitation of remote CQDs mediated by the lattice modes and propose a model to explain these observations. Our study demonstrates the possibility of developing nanophotonic platforms for single photon operations and communications with broadband quantum emitters and plasmonic nanocavity arrays since these arrays can generate entanglement between to spatially separated quantum emitters. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semiconductor quantum dots

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