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The Quantum Internet (Technical Version)

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Rohde, Peter P. Huang, Zixin Ouyang, Yingkai Huang, He-Liang Su, Zu-En Devitt, Simon Ramakrishnan, Rohit Mantri, Atul Tan, Si-Hui Liu, Nana Harrison, Scott Radhakrishnan, Chandrashekar Brennen, Gavin K. Baragiola, Ben Q. Dowling, Jonathan P. Byrnes, Tim Munro, William J. Centre for Quantum Software and Information Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology Sydney SydneyNSW Australia Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Louisiana State University Baton Rouge United States School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences Macquarie University NSW2109 Australia School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences University of Sheffield SheffieldS3 7RH United Kingdom Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography Henan Zhengzhou450000 China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale Department of Modern Physics University of Science & Technology of China Hefei China CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information & Quantum Physics University of Science & Technology of China Hefei China CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory Shanghai China InstituteQ Aalto University Espoo02150 Finland Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Singapore University of Technology & Design Singapore Centre for Quantum Technologies National University of Singapore Singapore Horizon Quantum Ireland 24 Fitzwilliam Place Dublin 2 D02 T296 Ireland Institute of Natural Sciences Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China School of Mathematical Sciences Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory in Scientific and Engineering Computing Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Shanghai China University of Michigan Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute Shanghai200240 China Leibniz Institute for Research & Information in Education Frankfurt am Main Germany Department of Computer Science and Engineering NYU Shanghai 567 West Yangsi Road Shanghai200124 China Centre of Excellence in Engineered Quantum Systems Macquarie University NSW Australia Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Science RMIT University VIC

The desire to share and unite remote digital assets motivated the development of the classical internet, the enabler of the entire 21st century economy and our modern way of life. As we enter the quantum era, it is to be expected there will be a similar demand for networking quantum assets, motivating a global quantum internet for bringing together the world's quantum resources, leveraging off their exponential trajectory in capability. We present models for quantum networking, how they might be applied in the future, and the implications they will have. Socially, economically, politically and geostrategically, the upcoming era of quantum supremacy will be as significant for the 21st century as the transistor was for the 20th. The inherently different scaling in the computational power of quantum computers fundamentally changes the dynamics of how they will operate in the future. Given their high expected initial cost, a client/server model for outsourcing computation will be essential for enabling the accessibility and proliferation of this technology, and ensuring its economic viability. We therefore anticipate the emergence of cloud quantum computing, a model for outsourcing quantum computations to the network. We argue that economic efficiency will mandate that all future quantum computers be united into a single global virtual quantum computer, offering exponentially more power to all network participants than if they were to keep their resources to themselves. This model for the allocation of computational resources is uniquely quantum, with no classical analogue, completely altering the economic landscape for the future of computation. Given the sensitivity of much of the data to which future quantum computers are going to foreseeably be applied, protocols for encrypted quantum computation will be essential - the outsourcing of computations that neither an eavesdropper nor even the server performing the computation can spy upon. This will enable new models fo

关键词： Outsourcing

Tight bound on neutron-star radius with quasiperiodic oscillations in short gamma-ray bursts

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Guedes, Victor Radice, David Chirenti, Cecilia Yagi, Kent Department of Physics University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States Institute for Gravitation & the Cosmos The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Department of Physics The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Department of Astronomy University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Mathematics Computation and Cognition UFABC SP Santo André09210-170 Brazil

Quasiperiodic oscillations (QPOs) have been recently discovered in the short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) 910711 and 931101B. Their frequencies are consistent with those of the quasiradial and quadrupolar oscillations of binary neutron star merger remnants, as obtained in numerical relativity simulations. These simulations reveal quasiuniversal relations between the remnant oscillation frequencies and the tidal coupling constant of the binaries. Under the assumption that the observed QPOs are due to these postmerger oscillations, we use the frequency-tide relations in a Bayesian framework to infer the source redshift, as well as the chirp mass and the binary tidal deformability of the binary neutron star progenitors for GRBs 910711 and 931101B. We further use this inference to estimate bounds on the mass-radius relation for neutron stars. By combining the estimates from the two GRBs, we find a 68% credible range R1.4 = 12.48+0−0.4140 km for the radius of a neutron star with mass M = 1.4 M☉, which is one of the tightest bounds to date. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Gamma rays

Giant Chern number of a Weyl nodal surface without upper limit

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Physical Review B 2022年第11期105卷 115118-115118页

作者： J.-Z. Ma S.-N. Zhang J. P. Song Q.-S. Wu S. A. Ekahana M. Naamneh M. Radovic V. N. Strocov S.-Y. Gao T. Qian H. Ding K. He K. Manna C. Felser N. C. Plumb O. V. Yazyev Y.-M. Xiong M. Shi Department of Physics City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong China Photon Science Division Paul Scherrer Institute CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen China Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong China Institute of Physics École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-10 15 Lausanne Switzerland National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials MARVEL École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions High Magnetic Field Laboratory HFIPS Anhui Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China Department of Physics Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan Guangdong China CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids Dresden D-01187 Germany Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India Department of Physics School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering Anhui University Hefei 230601 China

Weyl nodes can be classified into zero-dimensional (0D) Weyl points, 1D Weyl nodal lines, and 2D Weyl nodal surfaces (WNS), which possess finite Chern numbers. Up to date, the largest Chern number of WPs identified in Weyl semimetals is 4, which is thought to be a maximal value for linearly crossing points in solids. On the other hand, whether the Chern numbers of nonzero-dimensional linear crossing Weyl nodal objects have one upper limit is still an open question. In this work, combining angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with density-functional theory calculations, we show that the chiral crystal AlPt hosts a cube-shaped charged WNS which is formed by the linear crossings of two singly degenerate bands. Different from conventional Weyl nodes, the cube-shaped nodal surface in AlPt is enforced by nonsymmorphic chiral symmetries and time-reversal symmetry rather than accidental band crossings, and it possesses a giant Chern number |C|=26. Moreover, our results and analysis prove that there is no upper limit for the Chern numbers of such kind of 2D Weyl nodal object.

关键词： Electronic structure First-principles calculations Symmetry protected topological states Topological materials Weyl semimetal Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy Density functional calculations

Identifying s-wave pairing symmetry in single-layer FeSe from topologically trivial edge states

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wei, Zhongxu Qin, Shengshan Ding, Cui Hu, Jiangping Sun, Yujie Wang, Lili Xue, Qi-Kun Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing10008 China Kavli Institute of Theoretical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing100193 China Beijing National Research Center for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

Determining the pairing symmetry of single-layer FeSe on SrTiO3 is the key to understanding the enhanced pairing mechanism;furthermore, it guides exploring new superconductors with high transition temperatures (Tc). Despite significant efforts, it remains controversial whether the symmetry is the sign-preserving s- or the sign-changed s±-wave. Here, we investigate the pairing symmetry of single-layer FeSe from a topological point of view. Using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, we have systematically characterized the superconducting states at isolated edges and corners of single-layer FeSe. The tunneling spectra collected at edges and corners exhibit full gap and substantial dip, respectively, demonstrating the absence of topologically non-trivial edge/corner modes. According to the theoretical calculation, these spectroscopic features are strong evidence for the sign-preserving s-wave pairing. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Iron compounds

Extragalactic Magnetar Giant Flares: Population Implications, Rates and Prospects for Gamma-Rays, Gravitational Waves and Neutrinos

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Beniamini, Paz Wadiasingh, Zorawar Trigg, Aaron Chirenti, Cecilia Burns, Eric Younes, George Negro, Michela Granot, Jonathan Department of Natural Sciences The Open University of Israel P.O Box 808 Ra'anana4353701 Israel The Open University of Israel P.O Box 808 Ra'anana4353701 Israel Department of Physics The George Washington University 725 21st Street NW WashingtonDC20052 United States Astrophysics Science Division NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Astronomy University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Mathematics Computation and Cognition UFABC SP Santo Andre09210-170 Brazil CRESST Center for Space Sciences and Technology UMBC BaltimoreMD210250 United States

Magnetar Giant Flares (MGFs) are the most energetic non-catastrophic transients known to originate from stellar objects. The first discovered events were nearby. In recent years, several extragalactic events have been identified, implying an extremely high volumetric rate. We show that future instruments with a sensitivity 5×10−9 erg cm−2 at ∼ 1 MeV will be dominated by extragalactic MGFs over short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs). Clear discrimination of MGFs requires intrinsic GRB localization capability to identify host galaxies. As MGFs involve a release of a sizable fraction of the neutron star’s magnetic free energy reservoir in a single event, they provide us with invaluable tools for better understanding magnetar birth properties and the evolution of their magnetic fields. A major obstacle is to identify a (currently) small sub-population of MGFs in a larger sample of more energetic and distant sGRBs. We develop the tools to analyze the properties of detected events and their occurrence rate relative to sGRBs. Even with the current (limited) number of events, we can constrain the initial internal magnetic field of a typical magnetar at formation to be B0 ≈ 4 × 1014 − 2 × 1015 G. Larger samples will constrain the distribution of birth fields. We also estimate the contribution of MGFs to the gravitational wave (GW) stochastic background. Depending on the acceleration time of baryon-loaded ejecta involved in MGFs, their GW emission may reach beyond 10 kHz and, if so, will likely dominate over other conventional astrophysical sources in that frequency range. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Neutrons

Collisional-model quantum trajectories for entangled qubit environments

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Daryanoosh, Shakib Gilchrist, Alexei Baragiola, Ben Q. Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems Department of Physics and Astronomy Macquarie University SydneyNSW2122 Australia Department of Physics University of Oxford Clarendon Laboratory Parks Road OxfordOX1 3PU United Kingdom Department of Physics University of Western Australia CrawleyWA6009 Australia Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho Sakyo-ku Kyoto606-8502 Japan Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Science RMIT University MelbourneVIC3001 Australia

We study the dynamics of quantum systems interacting with a stream of entangled qubits. Under fairly general conditions, we present a detailed framework describing the conditional dynamical maps for the system, called quantum trajectories, when the qubits are measured. Depending on the measurement basis, these quantum trajectories can be jump-type or diffusive-type, and they can exhibit features not present with quantum optical and single-qubit trajectories. As an example, we consider the case of two remote atoms, where jump-type quantum trajectories herald the birth and death of entanglement. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum chemistry

Atomic-defect-suppressed pristine p-type Bi 0.3 Sb 1.7 Te 3 as robust high-performance thermoelectrics for power generation and cooling

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Journal of Materiomics 2025年

作者： Qi Zhao Zhen Fan Yi Wang Qiulin Liu Xuejuan Dong Xiaowei Wu Zhicheng Shan Hangtian Zhu Zhiliang Li Shufang Wang Huaizhou Zhao Hebei Key Lab of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials Key Laboratory of High-Precision Computation and Application of Quantum Field Theory of Hebei Province College of Physics Science and Technology Hebei University Baoding 071002 Hebei China Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China School of Physical Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

High-strength high-performance p-type (Bi,Sb) 2 Te 3 are of pivotal importance for near-room-temperature thermoelectric conversions, the reliable synthesis and fabrication has been viewed of imperative priority. It is known that the energy-favorable formation of anti-site Sb Te ' and vacancy v Sb ''' acceptor defects from high-temperature syntheses results in additional charge carriers and scattering centers for electrical and phonon transport. However, how p-type (Bi,Sb) 2 Te 3 with minimal lattice defects function remains to be scrutinized. Herein, we present the synergistic enhancements of mechanical robustness and thermoelectric property in crystallographic-defect-suppressed pristine (Bi,Sb) 2 Te 3 through a simple mechanical alloying combined with spark-plasma-sintering (SPS) process. The Sb Te ' and v Sb ''' acceptor defects were efficiently restrained, contributing to markedly increased charge carrier mobilities. A slightly enlarged band gap of 0.24 eV underpinned enhanced thermoelectric performance for pristine Bi 0.3 Sb 1.7 Te 3 over a wide temperature range, delivering high zT 300 K of 1.16 and zT ave of 1.21 over 300–473 K. Interestingly, the confined in-situ grain coarsening during SPS with uniform dispersive nanopores readily endowed an ultra-high compressive strength of 206 MPa, surpassing that of reported (Bi,Sb) 2 Te 3 so far. A 7-pair module (coupled with n-Bi 2 Te 3 ) was fabricated, demonstrating a competitive Δ T over 70 K at T hot = 300 K. Furthermore, a power-generation module coupled with n-Mg 3 SbBi registered a cutting-edge thermoelectric conversion efficiency of 9.5% at a temperature gradient of 250 K. The strategy eliminates the need of complex processing nor extrinsic doping for pristine (Bi,Sb) 2 Te 3 , demonstrating great potentials in thermoelectric power generation and cooling applications.

关键词： p-type (Bi,Sb) 2 Te 3 thermoelectric mechanial strength defect suppression band gap modulation

Holographic topological semimetals

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science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2020年第5期63卷 6-30页

作者： Karl Landsteiner Yan Liu Ya-Wen Sun Instiuto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC C/Nicolas Cabrera 13-15Campus CantoblancoCantoblanco 28049Spain Center for Gravitational Physics Department of Space ScienceBeihang UniversityBejing 100191China Key Laboratory of Space Environment Monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Indusry and Information Technology.Beijing 100191China School of Physics&CAS Center for Excllence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The holographic duality allows to construct and study models of strongly coupled quantum matter via dual gravitational *** general such models are characterized by the absence of quasiparticles, hydrodynamic behavior and Planckian dissipation times. One particular interesting class of quantum materials are ungapped topological semimetals which have many interesting properties from Hall transport to topologically protected edge states. We review the application of the holographic duality to this type of quantum matter including the construction of holographic Weyl semimetals, nodal line semimetals, quantum phase transition to trivial states(ungapped and gapped), the holographic dual of Fermi arcs and how new unexpected transport properties,such as Hall viscosities arise. The holographic models promise to lead to new insights into the properties of this type of quantum matter.

关键词： gauge/gravity duality topological semimetal Weyl semimetal anomaly

Precisely Tuning Photothermal and Photodynamic Effects of Polymeric Nanoparticles by Controlled Copolymerization

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Angewandte Chemie 2020年第31期132卷 12856-12861页

作者： Wen K. Wu L. Wu X. Lu Y. Duan T. Ma H. Peng A. Shi Q. Huang H. College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials School of National School of National Defence Science & Technology Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Department of Dermatology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519000 China

Cancer possesses normoxic and hypoxia microenvironments with different levels of oxygen, needing different efficacies of photothermal and photodynamic therapies. It is important to precisely tune the photothermal and photodynamic effects of phototherapy nano-agents for efficient cancer treatment. Now, a series of copolymeric nanoparticles (PPy-Te NPs) were synthesized in situ by controlled oxidative copolymerization with different ratios of pyrrole to tellurophene by FeCl3. The photothermal and photodynamic effects of semiconducting nano-agents under the first near-infrared (NIR) irradiation were precisely and systematically tuned upon simply varying the molar ratio of the pyrrole to tellurophene. The PPy-Te NPs were used for cancer treatment in mice, exhibiting excellent biocompatibility and therapeutic effect. This work presents a simple method to tune photothermal and photodynamic therapies effect in semiconducting nano-agents for cancer treatment. © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

关键词： copolymerization photothermal/photodynamic effect polymeric nanoparticles pyrrole tellurium