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arXiv 2022年

作者： Salmi, Tuomo Vinciguerra, Serena Choudhury, Devarshi Riley, Thomas E. Watts, Anna L. Remillard, Ronald A. Ray, Paul S. Bogdanov, Slavko Guillot, Sebastien Arzoumanian, Zaven Chirenti, Cecilia Dittmann, Alexander J. Gendreau, Keith C. Ho, Wynn C.G. Miller, M. Coleman Morsink, Sharon M. Wadiasingh, Zorawar Wolff, Michael T. Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 Amsterdam1090GE Netherlands MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics & Space Research MIT 70 Vassar Street CambridgeMA02139 United States Space Science Division U.S. Naval Research Laboratory WashingtonDC20375 United States Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory Columbia University 550 West 120th Street New YorkNY10027 United States Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie UPS-OMP CNRS CNES 9 avenue du Colonel Roche BP 44346 ToulouseF-31028 Cedex 4 France X-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Code 662 GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Astronomy Joint Space-Science Institute University of Maryland College ParkMD20742-2421 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Mathematics Computation and Cognition UFABC SP Santo André09210-170 Brazil Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Haverford College 370 Lancaster Avenue HaverfordPA19041 United States Department of Physics University of Alberta 4-183 CCIS EdmontonABT6G 2E1 Canada Department of Astronomy University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Astrophysics Science Division NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771 United States

We report a revised analysis for the radius, mass, and hot surface regions of the massive millisecond pulsar PSR J0740+6620, studied previously with joint fits to NICER and XMM-Newton data by Riley et al. (2021) and Miller et al. (2021). We perform a similar Bayesian estimation for the pulse-profile model parameters, except that instead of fitting simultaneously the XMM-Newton data, we use the best available NICER background estimates to constrain the number of photons detected from the source. This approach eliminates any potential issues in the cross-calibration between these two instruments, providing thus an independent check of the robustness of the analysis. The obtained neutron star parameter constraints are compatible with the already published results, with a slight dependence on how conservative the imposed background limits are. A tighter lower limit causes the inferred radius to increase, and a tighter upper limit causes it to decrease. We also extend the study of the inferred emission geometry to examine the degree of deviation from antipodality of the hot regions. We show that there is a significant offset to an antipodal spot configuration, mainly due to the non-half-cycle azimuthal separation of the two emitting spots. The offset angle from the antipode is inferred to be above 25◦ with 84% probability. This seems to exclude a centered-dipolar magnetic field in PSR J0740+6620. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bayesian networks

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Magnetic topological insulator MnBi6Te10 with a zero-field ferromagnetic state and gapped Dirac surface states

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Physical Review B 2020年第3期102卷 035144-035144页

作者： Shangjie Tian (田尚杰) Shunye Gao (高顺业) Simin Nie (聂思敏) Yuting Qian (钱玉婷) Chunsheng Gong (龚春生) Yang Fu (付阳) Hang Li (李航) Wenhui Fan (樊文辉) Peng Zhang (张鹏) Takesh Kondo Shik Shin Johan Adell Hanna Fedderwitz Hong Ding (丁洪) Zhijun Wang (王志俊) Tian Qian (钱天) Hechang Lei (雷和畅) Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA Institute for Solid State Physics University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba 277-8581 Japan AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL) Kashiwa Chiba 277-8581 Japan MAX IV Laboratory Lund University P.O. Box 118 221 00 Lund Sweden Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan Guangdong 523808 China CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Magnetic topological insulators (TIs) with nontrivial topological electronic structure and broken time-reversal symmetry exhibit various exotic topological quantum phenomena. The realization of such exotic phenomena at high temperature is one of the central topics in this area. We reveal that MnBi6Te10 is a magnetic TI with an antiferromagnetic ground state below 10.8 K whose nontrivial topology is manifested by Dirac-like surface states. The ferromagnetic axion insulator state with Z4=2 emerges once spins are polarized at a field as low as 0.1 T, accompanied with saturated anomalous Hall resistivity up to 10 K. Such a ferromagnetic state is preserved even with an external field down to zero at 2 K. Theoretical calculations indicate that the few-layer ferromagnetic MnBi6Te10 is also topologically nontrivial with a nonzero Chern number. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments further reveal three types of Dirac surface states arising from different terminations on the cleavage surfaces, one of which has insulating behavior with an energy gap of ∼28 meV at the Dirac point. These outstanding features suggest that MnBi6Te10 is a promising system to realize various topological quantum effects at zero field and high temperature.

关键词： Antiferromagnets Chern insulators Electronic structure Ferromagnets Single crystal materials Topological insulators Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy Crystal growth First-principles calculations Magnetization measurements Resistivity measurements

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Experimental quantum communication enhancement by superposing trajectories

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Physical Review Research 2021年第1期3卷 013093-013093页

作者： Giulia Rubino Lee A. Rozema Daniel Ebler Hlér Kristjánsson Sina Salek Philippe Allard Guérin Alastair A. Abbott Cyril Branciard Časlav Brukner Giulio Chiribella Philip Walther Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ) Faculty of Physics University of Vienna Boltzmanngasse 5 1090 Vienna Austria Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) 1088 Xueyuan Avenue 518055 Shenzhen China Wolfson College University of Oxford Linton Road OX2 6UD Oxford United Kingdom QICI Quantum Information and Computation Initiative Department of Computer Science The University of Hong Kong Pok Fu Lam Road 999077 Hong Kong Quantum Group Department of Computer Science University of Oxford Wolfson Building Parks Road OX1 3QD Oxford United Kingdom HKU-Oxford Joint Laboratory for Quantum Information and Computation The University of Hong Kong Pok Fu Lam Road 999077 Hong Kong Fujitsu Laboratories of Europe 4th Floor Building 3 Hyde Park Hayes 11 Millington Road Hayes UB3 4AZ Middlesex United Kingdom Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI) Austrian Academy of Sciences Boltzmanngasse 3 1090 Vienna Austria Department of Applied Physics University of Geneva 1211 Geneva Switzerland Université Grenoble Alpes CNRS Grenoble INP Institut Nel 38000 Grenoble France Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics 31 Caroline Street North N2L 2Y5 Waterloo Ontario Canada Research Platform TURIS University of Vienna Boltzmanngasse 5 1090 Vienna Austria

In quantum communication networks, wires represent well-defined trajectories along which quantum systems are transmitted. In spite of this, trajectories can be used as a quantum control to govern the order of different noisy communication channels, and such a control has been shown to enable the transmission of information even when quantum communication protocols through well-defined trajectories fail. This result has motivated further investigations on the role of the superposition of trajectories in enhancing communication, which revealed that the use of quantum control of parallel communication channels, or of channels in series with quantum-controlled operations, can also lead to communication advantages. Building upon these findings, here we experimentally and numerically compare different ways in which two trajectories through a pair of noisy channels can be superposed. We observe that, within the framework of quantum interferometry, the use of channels in series with quantum-controlled operations generally yields the largest advantages. Our results contribute to clarify the nature of these advantages in experimental quantum-optical scenarios, and showcase the benefit of an extension of the quantum communication paradigm in which both the information exchanged and the trajectory of the information carriers are quantum.

关键词： Quantum channels Quantum communication Quantum control Quantum information processing Quantum optics

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Quantum approximate optimization and k-means algorithms for data clustering

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Journal of physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期1719卷

作者： Jirawat Saiphet Sujin Suwanna Thiparat Chotibut Areeya Chantasri Optical and Quantum Physics Laboratory Department of Physics Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok 10400 Thailand Department of Physics Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology (Australian Research Council) Centre for Quantum Dynamics Griffith University Brisbane Queensland 4111 Australia

Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices are cutting-edge technology expected to demonstrate potential and advantages of quantum computing over classical computing. Its low number of qubits and imperfection from noises restrict running full-scale quantum algorithms on such devices; however, quantum advantages can still be obtained. To achieve quantum advantages from NISQ devices, the hybrid quantum-classical algorithms were introduced. Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a variational hybrid algorithm, which utilizes a NISQ device as a sub-unit for specific tasks and performs most calculations on a classical computer. QAOA provides an approximate solution, with arbitrary precision as the number of operations increases, for optimization problems. In this work we investigate the possibility of applying QAOA to a clustering problem and compare its performance with the classical k-means algorithm. It turns out that the weights in graph connectivity can degrade the algorithm operation and make it more difficult to approximate the solution. We also benchmark the QAOA by comparing the approximated solutions with the exact one obtained from a classical clustering algorithm.

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A proposal to the ‘1 /2 vs. 3 /2 puzzle’

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Li, Qiang Feng, Wei Wang, Guo-Li School of Physical Science and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an710072 China School of Electronic Engineering Xidian University Xi’an710071 China Department of Physics Hebei University Baoding071002 China Key Laboratory of High-precision Computation and Application of Quantum Field Theory of Hebei Province Baoding071002 China

We reconsider the semileptonic decays of B → D1(0)lν¯l. The previous theoretical calculations predict a significantly smaller rate for the semileptonic decay of B to D10 (Jl = 21) compared with that to the D1(Jl = 32), which is not consistent with the current experimental data. This conflict is the so-called ‘12 vs. 32 puzzle’. In this work, we propose a simple scheme to fix this problem, where we suppose that the strong eigenstates D1(0) do not coincide with the eigenstate of the weak interaction, since no experimental results show the weak and the strong interactions have to share the same eigenstates. Within the framework of this tentative scheme, meson B first weakly decays to the weak eigenstates Dα(β) and then the latter are detected as the D1(0) by the strong products D∗π. We predict that there exist two new particles Dα(β) with JP = 1+ which were not previously identified. The good performance of the new scheme in describing the experimental data may hint at new symmetry in the weak decays of Bq to 1+ heavy-light mesons. To test the scheme proposed here, we suggest an experiment to detect the difference in the invariant mass spectra of D1 reconstructed from the B weak decay and from the strong decay products. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mass spectrometry

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Quantum Computing for High-Energy physics State of the Art and Challenges Summary of the QC4HEP Working Group

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Di Meglio, Alberto Jansen, Karl Tavernelli, Ivano Alexandrou, Constantia Arunachalam, Srinivasan Bauer, Christian W. Borras, Kerstin Carrazza, Stefano Crippa, Arianna Croft, Vincent de Putter, Roland Delgado, Andrea Dunjko, Vedran Egger, Daniel J. Fernández-Combarro, Elias Fuchs, Elina Funcke, Lena González-Cuadra, Daniel Grossi, Michele Halimeh, Jad C. Holmes, Zoë Kühn, Stefan Lacroix, Denis Lewis, Randy Lucchesi, Donatella Martinez, Miriam Lucio Meloni, Federico Mezzacapo, Antonio Montangero, Simone Nagano, Lento Radescu, Voica Ortega, Enrique Rico Roggero, Alessandro Schuhmacher, Julian Seixas, Joao Silvi, Pietro Spentzouris, Panagiotis Tacchino, Francesco Temme, Kristan Terashi, Koji Tura, Jordi Tüysüz, Cenk Vallecorsa, Sofia Wiese, Uwe-Jens Yoo, Shinjae Zhang, Jinglei GenevaCH-1211 Switzerland CQTA Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Platanenallee 6 Zeuthen15738 Germany Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center The Cyprus Institute 20 Constantinou Kavafi str. Nicosia2121 Cyprus IBM Quantum IBM Research – Zurich Rüschlikon8803 Switzerland Department of Physics University of Cyprus PO Box 20537 Nicosia1678 Cyprus IBM Quantum IBM Research 1101 Kitchawan Rd Yorktown HeightsNY United States Physics Division LBNL - M/S 50A5104 1 Cyclotron Rd BerkeleyCA United States Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestrasse 85 Hamburg22607 Germany RWTH Aachen University Templergraben 55 Aachen52062 Germany TIF Lab Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Milano INFN Sezione di Milano Milan Italy Institut für Physik Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Newtonstr. 15 Berlin12489 Germany haQaLi Applied Quantum Algorithms Leiden Netherlands Physics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Department of Computer Science Facultad de Ciencias University of Oviedo Asturias33007 Spain Institute of Theoretical Phyiscs Leibniz University Hannover Hannover30167 Germany Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig38116 Germany University of Bonn Nußallee 14-16 Bonn53115 Germany Institute for Theoretical Physics University of Innsbruck Innsbruck6020 Austria Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information the Austrian Academy of Sciences Innsbruck6020 Austria Department of Physics Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Germany Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology Germany LausanneCH-1015 Switzerland Paris-Saclay University CNRS IN2P3 IJCLab Orsay91405 France Department of Physics and Astronomy York University TorontoONM3J 1P3 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy Università di Padova V. Marzolo 8 PadovaI-35131 Italy INFN - Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Ni

Quantum computers offer an intriguing path for a paradigmatic change of computing in the natural sciences and beyond, with the potential for achieving a so-called quantum advantage, namely a significant (in some cases exponential) speed-up of numerical simulations. The rapid development of hardware devices with various realizations of qubits enables the execution of small scale but representative applications on quantum computers. In particular, the high-energy physics community plays a pivotal role in accessing the power of quantum computing, since the field is a driving source for challenging computational problems. This concerns, on the theoretical side, the exploration of models which are very hard or even impossible to address with classical techniques and, on the experimental side, the enormous data challenge of newly emerging experiments, such as the upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider. In this roadmap paper, led by CERN, DESY and IBM, we provide the status of high-energy physics quantum computations and give examples for theoretical and experimental target benchmark applications, which can be addressed in the near future. Having the IBM 100 100 challenge in mind, where possible, we also provide resource estimates for the examples given using error mitigated quantum computing. © 2023, CC BY-SA.

关键词： High energy physics

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Self-controlled growth of highly uniform Ge/Si hut wires for scalable qubit devices

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Gao, Fei Wang, Jian-Huan Watzinger, Hannes Hu, Hao Rančić, Marko J. Zhang, Jie-Yin Wang, Ting Yao, Yuan Wang, Gui-Lei Kukučka, Josip Vukušić, Lada Kloeffel, Christoph Loss, Daniel Liu, Feng Katsaros, Georgios Zhang, Jian-Jun National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Institute of Science and Technology Austria Am Campus 1 Klosterneuburg3400 Austria Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710054 China Department of Physics University of Basel Klingelbergstrasse 82 BaselCH-4056 Switzerland Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100029 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Utah Salt Lake City84112 UT United States

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Comparison of deuterium retention in tungsten exposed to deuterium plasma and gas

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Ye, Xiaoqiu Wang, Wei Wang, Yifang Chen, Xiaohong Wu, Jiliang Xiao, Yao Wang, Xuefeng Yan, Jun Yu, Wenzhen Chen, Changan Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory Mianyang621907 China School of Sciences and Research Center for Advanced Computation Xihua University Chengdu610039 China

Deuterium(D) retention behavior in tungsten(W) exposed to deuterium plasma and gas was studied by means of thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS): deuterium plasma exposure in which W was exposed to D plamsa with 35 eV/D+ at 393 K to the fluence of 3.8×1024 D/m2;D2 gas charging in which W was exposed to D2 gas of 500 kPa at 773 K for 4 hours. TDS shows that the total D retention in plasma exposure W is ~1022 D/m2, one order of magnitude higher than that of gas charging W;however, the D2 desorption peak of gas charging W is 952 K, much higher than 691 K of plasma exposure W. The detrapping energies of deuterium were determined experimentally from the measured peak temperatures at different heating rates and were found to be 2.17 eV for gas charging W and 1.04 eV for plasma exposure W, respectively. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tungsten

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Demonstration that Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering requires more than one bit of faster-than-light information transmission

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Xiang, Yu Mazurek, Michael D. Bienfang, Joshua C. Wayne, Michael A. Abellán, Carlos Amaya, Waldimar Mitchell, Morgan W. Mirin, Richard P. Nam, Sae Woo He, Qiongyi Stevens, Martin J. Shalm, Lynden K. Wiseman, Howard M. State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics School of Physics Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter Peking University Beijing100871 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi University Shanxi Taiyuan030006 China Department of Physics 390 UCB University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States National Institute of Standards and Technology 325 Broadway BoulderCO80305 United States Joint Quantum Institute University of Maryland National Institute of Standards and Technology 100 Bureau Drive GaithersburgMD20899 United States National Institute of Standards and Technology 100 Bureau Drive GaithersburgMD20899 United States ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Castelldefels Barcelona08860 Spain ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats Barcelona08015 Spain Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology Australian Research Council Centre for Quantum Dynamics Griffith University BrisbaneQLD4111 Australia

Schrödinger held that a local quantum system has some objectively real quantum state and no other (hidden) properties. He therefore took the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) phenomenon, which he generalized and called 'steering', to require nonlocal wavefunction collapse. Because this would entail faster-than-light (FTL) information transmission, he doubted that it would be seen experimentally. Here we report a demonstration of EPR steering with entangled photon pairs that puts-in Schrödinger's interpretation-a non-zero lower bound on the amount of FTL information transmission. We develop a family of n-setting loss-tolerant EPR-steering inequalities allowing for a size-d classical message sent from Alice's laboratory to Bob's. For the case n = 3 and d = 2 (one bit) we observe a statistically significant violation. Our experiment closes the efficiency and locality loopholes, and we address the freedom-of-choice loophole by using quantum random number generators to independently choose Alice's and Bob's measurement basis settings. To close the efficiency and locality loopholes simultaneously, we introduce methods for quickly switching between three mutually unbiased measurement bases and for accurately characterizing the efficiency of detectors. From the space-time arrangement of our experiment, we can conclude that if the mechanism for the observed bipartite correlations is that Alice's measurement induces wave-function collapse of Bob's particle, then more than one bit of information must travel from Alice to Bob at more than three times the speed of light. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Efficiency

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Enhancement of electron transport and band gap opening in graphene induced by adsorbates

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Physical Review B 2020年第11期101卷 115417-115417页

作者： Lan Chen Fangping Ouyang Songshan Ma Tie-Feng Fang Ai-Min Guo Qing-Feng Sun School of Physics and Electronics Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process Central South University Changsha 410083 People's Republic of China Powder Metallurgy Research Institute and State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Central South University Changsha 410083 People's Republic of China School of Physics and Technology Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 People's Republic of China School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China International Center for Quantum Materials School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter Beijing 100871 China CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

Impurities are unavoidable during the preparation of graphene samples and play an important role in graphene's electronic properties when they are adsorbed on the graphene surface. In this work, we study the electronic structures and transport properties of a two-terminal zigzag graphene nanoribbon (ZGNR) device whose scattering region is covered by various adsorbates within the framework of the tight-binding approximation, by taking into account the coupling strength γ between adsorbates and carbon atoms, the adsorbate concentration ni, and the on-site energy disorder of adsorbates. Our results indicate that when the scattering region is fully covered by homogeneous adsorbates, i.e., ni=1, a transmission gap opens around the Dirac point and its width is almost proportional to γ2. In particular, two conductance plateaus of G=2e2/h appear in the vicinity of the electron energy E=±γ. When the scattering region is partially covered by homogeneous adsorbates (0physics underlying these transport characteristics is discussed. Our results are in good agreement with experiments and may help for engineering graphene devices.

关键词： Anderson localization Band gap Quantum transport Graphene Landauer formula

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