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2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2024

作者： Cho, Sukmin Jeong, Soyeong Seo, Jeongyeon Hwang, Taeho Park, Jong C. School of Computing Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Korea Republic of Graduate School of AI Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761681

The robustness of recent Large Language Models (LLMs) has become increasingly crucial as their applicability expands across various domains and real-world applications. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a promising solution for addressing the limitations of LLMs, yet existing studies on the robustness of RAG often overlook the interconnected relationships between RAG components or the potential threats prevalent in real-world databases, such as minor textual errors. In this work, we investigate two underexplored aspects when assessing the robustness of RAG: 1) vulnerability to noisy documents through low-level perturbations and 2) a holistic evaluation of RAG robustness. Furthermore, we introduce a novel attack method, the Genetic Attack on RAG (GARAG), which targets these aspects. Specifically, GARAG is designed to reveal vulnerabilities within each component and test the overall system functionality against noisy documents. We validate RAG robustness by applying our GARAG to standard QA datasets, incorporating diverse retrievers and LLMs. The experimental results show that GARAG consistently achieves high attack success rates. Also, it significantly devastates the performance of each component and their synergy, highlighting the substantial risk that minor textual inaccuracies pose in disrupting RAG systems in the real world. Code is available at https://***/zomss/GARAG. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Adaptive-RAG: Learning to Adapt Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models through Question Complexity

Adaptive-RAG: Learning to Adapt Retrieval-Augmented Large La...

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2024 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, NAACL 2024

作者： Jeong, Soyeong Baek, Jinheon Cho, Sukmin Hwang, Sung Ju Park, Jong C. School of Computing Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Korea Republic of Graduate School of AI Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761148

Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models (LLMs), which incorporate the non-parametric knowledge from external knowledge bases into LLMs, have emerged as a promising approach to enhancing response accuracy in several tasks, such as Question-Answering (QA). However, even though there are various approaches dealing with queries of different complexities, they either handle simple queries with unnecessary computational overhead or fail to adequately address complex multi-step queries;yet, not all user requests fall into only one of the simple or complex categories. In this work, we propose a novel adaptive QA framework that can dynamically select the most suitable strategy for (retrieval-augmented) LLMs from the simplest to the most sophisticated ones based on the query complexity. Also, this selection process is operationalized with a classifier, which is a smaller LM trained to predict the complexity level of incoming queries with automatically collected labels, obtained from actual predicted outcomes of models and inherent inductive biases in datasets. This approach offers a balanced strategy, seamlessly adapting between the iterative and single-step retrieval-augmented LLMs, as well as the no-retrieval methods, in response to a range of query complexities. We validate our model on a set of open-domain QA datasets, covering multiple query complexities, and show that ours enhances the overall efficiency and accuracy of QA systems, compared to relevant baselines including the adaptive retrieval approaches. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Iterative methods

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Synergistic strategy of surface-induced spinel structure and F doping to improve the electrochemical performance of Li-rich cathodes

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2024年第3期34卷 524-531页

作者： Yuezhen Wang Ningbo Qin Xun Yuan Shiming Qiu Fangli Ji Ruirui Tuo Tingfeng Guan Cheng Yang Jiang Zhu Miao Ge Hui Wang Yan Cheng Zhaozhe Yu Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Systems and Advanced Manufacturing Technology Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guangxi Institute of Science and Technology Development Co. Ltd. Guangxi CNGR New Energy Science & Technology Co. Ltd. Guangxi Key Laboratory for High-value Utilization of Manganese Resources Guangxi Minzu Normal University

Li-rich Mn-based materials provide higher capacity than commercial NCM layered materials due to the synergistic redox effect of cations and anions. However, lattice straining and structural collapse caused by the irreversible oxygen release at high voltage range during cycling, which results in severe capacity and voltage decay. Herein, a synergistic strategy of surface-induced spinel structure and F doping is provided to improve the structural stability. The surface spinel structure helps to reduce the structural collapse caused by electrolyte corrosion on the cathode and effectively inhibits voltage decay resulted from structural evolution. The stronger Mn-F bonds are formed by F doping to inhibit migration of transition metal(TM) and induce the uniform deposition of Li F to form the thinner and more stable CEI on the cathode. Accordingly, the designed cathode(LMNO-NF) shows remarkable cycling performance with the capacity retention of 86.68 % and voltage retention of 96.6 % for 200 cycles at 1C,higher than pristine material(68.76 % and 85.75 %). Therefore, this simple dual-modification strategy of one-step synthesis is promising for solving the structural evolution and voltage decay of Li-rich Mn-based cathode materials effectively, achieving further commercialization.

关键词： Synergistic strategy Surface-induced spinel structure F doping High cycling stability Li-rich Mn-Based cathode

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Theoretical study on anomalous thermal expansion of two AB_(2)-type compounds

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Nano Research 2024年第11期17卷 9830-9833页

作者： Xin Chen Yili Cao Xianran Xing Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering and Institute of Solid State Chemistry University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

Anomalous thermal expansion,or other words,negative thermal expansion(NTE),resulting from the lattice contraction upon temperature increasing,has been an enduring topic for material science and *** variation of a lattice go with the temperature is straightly originated from its electronic structures and is inseparable from those physical *** the past several decades,many efforts have been made to searching new series of NTE compounds or control the thermal expansion performance in order to supply various demands of different extreme *** development of new NTE systems also dependences on the theoretical ***,we carried out theoretical calculation on CrB_(2) and FeZr_(2) with anisotropic negative thermal ***,theoretical calculations reveal that the binding of either Cr-Cr pair or Fe-Fe pair is relatively *** results reveal that the origin of NTE is the ordered magnetic state during the increasing of *** localized electrons would prevent the lattice parameters increase with heating,which shows macroscopic NTE phenomenon.

关键词： negative thermal expansion(NTE) theoretical calculation magnet state transition band structures

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Mechanical behavior of SiC reinforced ZA63 Mg matrix composites: Experiments and 3D finite element modelling

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2025年第3期13卷 1294-1309页

作者： Chong Wang Zelong Du Enyu Guo Shuying Bai Zongning Chen Huijun Kang Guohao Du Yanling Xue Tongmin Wang Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology(Liaoning Province) School of Materials Science and EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology Ningbo 315000China Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research Institute CASShanghai201204China

In this work,the microstructure evolution and mechanical behavior of extruded SiC/ZA63 Mg matrix composites are investigated via combined experimental study and three-dimensionalﬁnite element modelling(3D FEM)based on the actual 3D microstructure achieved by synchrotron *** results show that the average grain size of composite increases from 0.57μm of 8μm-SiC/ZA63 to 8.73μm of 50μm-SiC/*** type of texture transforms from the typicalﬁber texture in 8μm-SiC/ZA63 to intense basal texture in 50μm-SiC/ZA63 composite and the intensity of texture increases sharply with increase of SiC particle *** dynamic recrystallization(DRX)mechanism is also changed with increasing SiC particle *** and simulation results verify that the strength and elongation both decrease with increase of SiC particle *** 8μm-SiC/ZA63 composite possesses the optimal mechanical property with yield strength(YS)of 383 MPa,ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of 424 MPa and elongation of 6.3%.The outstanding mechanical property is attributed to the ultraﬁne grain size,high-density precipitates and dislocation,good loading transfer effect and the interface bonding between SiC and matrix,as well as the weakened basal *** simulation results reveal that the micro-cracks tend to initiate at the interface between SiC and matrix,and then propagate along the interface between particle and Mg matrix or at the high strain and stress regions,and further connect with other *** main fracture mechanism in 8μm-SiC/ZA63 composite is ductile damage of matrix and interfacial *** the increase of particle size,interface strength and particle strength decrease,and interface debonding and particle rupture become the main fracture mechanism in the 30μm-and 50μm-SiC/ZA63 composites.

关键词： Mg matrix composite Synchrotron tomography 3D finite element model Microstructure evolution Mechanical property

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Effect of Ag Addition on Microstructure,Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr Alloy for Orthopedic Application

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2023年第2期36卷 295-309页

作者： Yu-Jin Nie Jian-Wei Dai Xiao-Bo Zhang School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Institute of TechnologyNanjing211167China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology Nanjing211167China

The as-extruded Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr-xAg(x=0,0.2,0.5,1 wt%)alloys were prepared for biomedical *** electron microscope,electron backscattered diffraction,X-ray diffraction,tensile test machine,electrochemical workstation,and immersion experiments were used to study microstructures,mechanical properties,and corrosion behavior of the as-extruded *** results indicate that the microstructures of all the as-extruded alloys are composed of coarse undynamic recrystallized grains,fine equiaxed recrystallized grains,and precipitated *** element plays a positive role in promoting dynamic recrystallization and grain *** during the extrusion,all the four alloys generate a <1010>//ED fiber *** the increase of Ag element,the volume fraction of Mg_(12)Nd phase increases and then decreases *** increasing Ag addition,both yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the as-extruded alloys reduce first and then improve,and the elongation improves gradually from 9.4 to 12.7%.More importantly,the addition of Ag accelerates corrosion of the as-extruded alloys in simulated body fluid,and all the as-extruded alloys show uniform corrosion mode.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Hot extrusion Mechanical properties Corrosion resistance

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Stress corrosion cracking of magnesium alloys:A review

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第6期11卷 1906-1930页

作者： Jiahao Jiang Xue Geng Xiaobo Zhang School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Institute of TechnologyNanjing 211167China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology Nanjing 211167China

Magnesium(Mg)alloys have been widely used in automobile,aviation,computer,and other fields due to their lightweight,high specific strength and stiffness,low pollution,and good electromagnetic shielding ***,the chemical stability of Mg alloys is poor,especially in the corrosive medium environment with high stress corrosion sensitivity,which causes sudden damage to structural components and restricts their application *** recent years,owing to the increasing failure rate of engineering structures caused by stress corrosion of Mg alloys,it has become necessary to understand and pay more attention to the stress corrosion cracking(SCC)behavior of Mg *** this paper,the SCC mechanisms and test methods of Mg alloys have been *** recent research progress on SCC of Mg alloys has been reviewed from the aspects of alloying,preparation process,surface modification,corrosive medium,and strain *** importantly,future research trends in the field of SCC of Mg alloys have also been proposed.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Stress corrosion cracking Alloying Preparation process Corrosion media Surface treatment

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Redox Couple Modulation in NASICON Phosphates toward High-Performance Cathodes for Na-Ion Batteries

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Energy Material Advances 2024年第1期5卷 570-586页

作者： Dashan Fan Qiuyu Shen Han Li Xuanhui Qu Lifang Jiao Yongchang Liu Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Institute for Advanced Materials and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and MaterialsUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education) Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

Natrium superionic conductor(NASICON)-type phosphates have aroused a great interest as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)by virtue of their stable 3-dimensional frameworks,flexible molecular formula tunability,and superior ionic ***,the intrinsic low electronic conductivity and relatively low theoretical specific capacity place obstacles in their way toward achieving higher electrochemical *** addition,only 2-electron reactions in most NASICON cathodes and poor reversibility of high-voltage redox couples severely limit their energy *** address the above tough issues,an in-depth understanding of transition metal selection,elements ratio optimization,and Na-storage mechanism is of paramount ***,this mini review summarizes the latest progresses on the NASICON-type phosphate cathodes for SIBs from the perspective of redox couple *** cathodes featuring high operating voltage and multielectron reactions are discussed in ***,the remaining challenges and personal outlooks based on redox couple regulation are put forward,shedding light on the designing rules for high-energy and long-durability NASICON-type phosphate cathodes for SIBs in the future.

关键词： theoretical specific capacity ionic conductivityneverthelessthe cathode materials electronic conductivity high performance cathodes redox couple modulation sodium ion batteries electrochemical performance

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Novel specular-reflection bandpass filter based on composite metagratings

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science China(Technological sciences) 2023年第3期66卷 889-895页

作者： LIU ChuanBao LI Yang CHEN JunHong QIAO LiJie ZHOU Ji BAI Yang School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Institute for Advanced Materials and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Spectral bandpass filters serving as crucial signal processing components are widely applied in various electromagnetic/optical ***,the filtering of reflection signal always faces problems of notably accompanied transmission or strict angular ***,we propose novel transmissionless metagratings for specular-reflection bandpass filtering under wide oblique incidence *** metagratings are composed of metallic groove gratings and high-refractive-index dielectric particles,which of them respectively provide continuum of localized cavity mode and discrete magnetic dipole resonance under oblique transverse magnetic waves,and produce broadband and narrowband anomalous *** destructive interference gives rise to a Fano-type narrow bandpass filter in the specular *** integrating CaTiO3ceramic particles with metallic groove gratings,we experimentally demonstrate a single-bandpass metagrating filter at microwave frequency which exhibits a low insertion loss and narrow bandwidth under wide-angle oblique incidence,and agrees with simulations ***,by arranging two different sized CaTiO3ceramic particles or changing the temperature,the metagrating filter is endowed with dual-bandpass or thermally tunable feature,***,the design is extended to terahertz frequencies by improving the structure to a double-groove *** proposed composite metagratings with novel bandpass filtering function and angular insensitivity not only enrich the category of spatial filter but have promising applications in microwave communication systems and optical devices.

关键词： metagratings bandpass filter specular-reflection oblique incidence

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Large-scale high uniform optoelectronic synapses array for artificial visual neural network

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2025年第1期11卷 247-256页

作者： Fanqing Zhang Chunyang Li Zhicheng Chen Haiqiu Tan Zhongyi Li Chengzhai Lv Shuai Xiao Lining Wu Jing Zhao State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection Beijing Institute of TechnologyMinistry of Education100081 BeijingChina School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology100081 BeijingChina Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems Beijing Institute of Technology100081 BeijingChina Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory School of Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology100081 BeijingChina School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology100081 BeijingChina

Recently,the biologically inspired intelligent artificial visual neural system has aroused enormous ***,there are still significant obstacles in pursuing large-scale parallel and efficient visual memory and *** this study,we demonstrate a 28×28 synaptic devices array for the artificial visual neuromorphic system,within the size of 0.7×0.7 cm 2,which integrates sensing,memory,and processing *** highly uniform floating-gate synaptic transistors array were constructed by the wafer-scale grown monolayer molybdenum disulfide with Au nanoparticles(NPs)acting as the electrons capture *** synaptic plasticity behaviors have been achieved owing to the switchable electronic storage *** excellent optical/electrical coordination capabilities were implemented by paralleled processing both the optical and electrical signals the synaptic array of 784 devices,enabling to realize the badges and letters writing and erasing ***,the established artificial visual convolutional neural network(CNN)through optical/electrical signal modulation can reach the high digit recognition accuracy of 96.5%.Therefore,our results provide a feasible route for future large-scale integrated artificial visual neuromorphic system.

关键词： optoelectronic synapses monolayer molybdenum disulfide artificial visual neural system convolutional neural network artificial visual neuromorphic systemwithin artificial visual neural network floating gate transistors synaptic plasticity

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