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Simulation of Hybrid Air-Cooled and Liquid-Cooled Systems for Optimal Lithium-Ion Battery Performance and Condensation Prevention in High-Humidity Environments

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhang, Bixiao Yuan, Nenglin Kong, Benben Zou, Yitao Shi, Hong College of Energy & Power Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology 2 Mengxi Jingkou Zhenjiang212003 China Key Laboratory of Aircraft environment control and life support MIIT Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics 29 Yudao Street Nanjing210016 China

This study introduces an innovative hybrid air-cooled and liquid-cooled system designed to mitigate condensation in lithium-ion battery thermal management systems (BTMS) operating in high-humidity environments. The proposed system features a unique return air structure that enhances the thermal stability and safety of the batteries by recirculating air through the battery box, thereby utilizing residual heat to prevent condensation. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were employed to analyze and optimize the system's thermal management performance under various airflow velocities and temperature conditions. The study results show that compared to traditional liquid cooling systems, the proposed hybrid system reduces the condensation area by approximately 39.68% at a wind speed of 0.5 m/s, and the temperature difference decreases by 0.35 K. The integration of flow deflectors further improves the anti-condensation effect, achieving a phase change rate greater than 0 in the cooling area, thereby enabling condensation-free operation throughout the entire cooling zone. A comprehensive evaluation using the entropy weight-TOPSIS method and nonlinear surface fitting was conducted to assess multiple schemes regarding heat dissipation, anti-condensation measures, and energy consumption. The optimal operating conditions were identified as an airflow velocity (Vair) of 1.29 m/s and a liquid flow velocity (Vwater) of 0.22 m/s, resulting in a maximum temperature difference (ΔT) of 3.98 K, a maximum temperature (Tmax) of 302.36 K, and energy consumption values (Enair and Enwater) of 0.158 J and 0.192 J, respectively. The proposed system not only addresses the thermal management challenges of lithium-ion batteries in high humidity environments, but also effectively ensures the insulation safety of electronic components. It provides a reliable solution for electric vehicles and other high-efficiency thermal management applications, demonstrating significant engineering a

关键词： Cooling systems

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Innovative Compact Thermal Management for High-Density Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Hybrid Cooling Solution

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Yuan, Xiaolu Zheng, Rentong Yang, Jiaming Kong, Benben Shi, Hong College of Energy & Power Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology 2 Mengxi Jingkou Zhenjiang212003 China Key Laboratory of Aircraft Environment Control and Life Support MIIT Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics 29 Yudao Street Nanjing210016 China

Efficient heat dissipation technology for high heat flux density in compact energy storage battery packs is crucial for future development and currently represents a major bottleneck in technological advancement. To address this issue, this study proposes an innovative thermal management strategy: a compact hybrid air-cooling and liquid-cooling system designed to optimize the thermal efficiency of lithium-ion battery modules. The research methodology included the development of a physical model for the battery thermal management system (BTMS), complemented by experimental validation and grid independence checks to ensure the precision of the simulation outcomes. A controlled variable technique was applied to thoroughly examine the effects of five pivotal parameters on BTMS efficacy: the height of the liquid cooling tubes, the angle of contact between the tubes and the batteries, the velocity of the cooling liquid at the inlet, and the temperature of the cooling water. To simplify the analytical process and enable swift optimization, the study innovatively incorporated orthogonal experimental design, genetic aggregation, and the rank sum ratio (RSR) method, thereby circumventing the need for extensive CFD predictive computations. The optimal system configuration, as determined by these techniques, realized a peak surface temperature of 26.6 °C, a temperature gradient of 3.5 °C, a total energy expenditure of 52486 J, and a system mass of 0.099 kg under specific conditions: a 0 mm elevation difference between the cooling tubes and batteries, a 60° contact angle, a cooling liquid flow rate of 0.93 m/s, and a cooling water temperature of 22.5 °C. The results of this study confirm that the proposed hybrid cooling system markedly improves the thermal performance of lithium-ion battery modules, providing a practical solution for high-power applications. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Lightweighting Strategies for Optimized Thermal Energy Storage: Topology Optimization of Heat Exchanger Fins

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wu, Chongtian Yuan, Xiaolu Yuan, Nenglin Li, Yonghao Kong, Benben Shi, Hong College of Energy & Power Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology 2 Mengxi Jingkou Zhenjiang212003 China Key Laboratory of Aircraft Environment Control and Life Support MIIT Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics 29 Yudao Street Nanjing210016 China

This study introduces topology optimization (TO) to enhance the efficiency of thermal energy storage systems (TESS) by optimizing fins, addressing the low thermal conductivity of phase change materials (PCM). Fins are simplified to a "Y+T" configuration based on TO results, improving TESS performance. Additionally, the paper first incorporates the mass(m) factor into TESS optimization, emphasizing its significance in the design process. Divided into two steps for efficiency, the optimization process explores nine fin scenarios, favoring distribution optimization over increasing fin numbers. The optimal model, with three branches and θ=90°, reduces melting time and enhances efficiency compared to finless TESS. A lightweight design approach adjusts root length and width ratio, achieving efficiency gains and reducing melting time. This study introduces the mass factor and provides a rational fin configuration through TO and optimization. Named "TO Typical Structure Extraction+Parameter Sensitivity Analysis + Entropy Weighted-TOPSIS Multi-Objective Optimization," it elucidates thermal storage mechanisms, facilitating rapid optimization and offering insights for TESS fin optimization and lightweight design. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heat storage

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An Innovative Hybrid Air-Cooled and Liquid-Cooled System for Condensation Prevention

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SSRN 2024年

Addressing the issue of condensation susceptibility in lithium battery thermal management systems operating in high-humidity environments, this paper proposes an innovative hybrid air and liquid cooling system. This system incorporates a specially designed return air structure to enhance the thermal stability and safety of the batteries. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were utilized to analyze the thermal management performance under varying airflow velocities and temperature conditions, leading to the optimization of the return air structure to mitigate condensation. The research findings reveal that the proposed hybrid system reduces the condensation area by approximately 39.68% at an airflow velocity of 0.5 m/s compared to traditional liquid cooling systems. Furthermore, the introduction of flow deflectors significantly improves the anti-condensation effect in high-humidity environments, achieving the objective of dew-free operation throughout the entire area. Lastly, employing the entropy weight-TOPSIS method and nonlinear surface fitting, a comprehensive evaluation of multiple schemes was conducted regarding heat dissipation, anti-condensation measures, and energy consumption. It was determined that when Vair = 1.29 m/s and Vwater = 0.22 m/s, the thermal management system of the battery module exhibits optimal comprehensive performance, with corresponding values of ∆T, Tmax, Enair, and Enwater being 3.98 K, 302.36 K, 0.15806 J, and 0.19203 J. The outcomes of this paper not only enhance the thermal management efficiency of lithium-ion batteries in high-humidity environments but also offer practical solutions for electric vehicles and other fields requiring efficient thermal management, demonstrating significant engineering application value. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Condensation

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Reachable Set Estimation of a class of Human-in-the-Loop control Systems

Reachable Set Estimation of a class of Human-in-the-Loop Con...

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第40届中国控制会议

作者： Xiu-Mei Zhang Huai-Ning Wu Science and Technology on Aircraft Control Laboratory School of Automation Science and Electrical EngineeringBeihang University

This paper studies the reachable set estimation problem of a class of human-in-the-loop（Hi TL） control systems described by a controlled hidden Markov jump model. Our aim is to determine an ellipsoid-like set which bounds all the machine state trajectories of the Hi TL system under zero initial condition. By using a stochastic Lyapunov functional, a reachable set estimation condition is established, which is provided in terms of a set of matrix inequalities. Finally, an example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed result.

关键词： Human-in-the-loop control system Markov jump system reachable set estimation stochastic Lyapunov functional

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Multiple Demonstrations Based Trajectory Generation for Mobile Agent Using DMPs with T-S Fuzzy Model

Multiple Demonstrations Based Trajectory Generation for Mobi...

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第40届中国控制会议

作者： Fan Jiang Huai-Ning Wu The Science and Technology on Aircraft Control Laboratory and School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University

Dynamic Movement Primitives(DMPs),which represent movement plans based on a set of nonlinear differential equations with well-defined attractor dynamics,have been adapted for movement *** this paper,we present a trajectory generation method for mobile agent from multiple demonstration using *** original DMPs can be only used to learn from single *** order to adapt multiple demonstrations of different tasks,we use DMPs with Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model to realize autonomous trajectory *** proposed scheme is capable to regenerate trajectory in the presence of obstacles even when the goal position is altered.A simulation example is given to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

关键词： Trajectory generation Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model Dynamic movement primitives Mobile agent

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SPMSM Deadbeat Predictive control with HF Injection Sensorless Rotor Position Estimate

SPMSM Deadbeat Predictive Control with HF Injection Sensorle...

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IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA)

作者： Xiaocheng Wei Liang Yan Zijian Jin Yuchen Zhou Pengjie Xiang Ningbo Institute of Technology Beihang University Ningbo China School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China Science and Technology on Aircraft Control Laboratory Beihang University Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665409858

This paper focuses on the application of low-speed direct drive servo. A surface mount PMSM control method based on deadbeat predictive control (DPC) and high-frequency injection (HFI) sensorless control is proposed. DPC is used to replace the PI controller in FOC to achieve better dynamic performance, and the d-axis cosine high-frequency injection position detection method is introduced to perform the sensorless control of surface mounted PMSM. A simulation is carried out to verify the performance of proposed method. The simulation results show that the proposed method has smaller speed tracking error and better speed stability than the traditional PI controller. It can also have strong regulation ability and robustness under sudden change of load and speed.

关键词： PI control Simulation Surface mount technology Sensorless control Permanent magnet motors Stability analysis Robustness

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Output Performance Comparison of Surface-mounted PMSM Based on Conventional and Modified Segmented Halbach Magnet Arrays

Output Performance Comparison of Surface-mounted PMSM Based ...

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IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA)

作者： Yuchen Zhou Liang Yan Lijia Ge Ahmed Aboelhassan School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China Science and Technology on Aircraft Control Laboratory Beihang University Beijing China Ningbo Institute of Technology Beihang University Ningbo China Electrical and Control Engineering Department College of Engineering & Technology Arab Academy For Science Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT) Alexandria Egypt Key Laboratory of More Electric Aircraft Technology of Zhejiang Province University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665409858

The performance of the permanent magnet synchronous motors can be evaluated through several factors including power losses, harmonic content, and torque ripples. One of the possible ways to enhance the density of the output power and torque is by implementing the Halbach magnet array. It can improve the output performance of the electric machine by increasing the fundamental amplitude of the magnetic flux density and reducing the harmonic contents. So, a Modified Segmented Halbach Magnet Arrays (MSHMA) configuration is proposed and compared to the conventional topology in this paper. The static magnetic field distributions of the given Halbach magnet array structures are analyzed by the Finite Element Method (FEM) for a surface-mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). Also, the harmonic components of both configurations are evaluated by the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The results indicate that the MSHMA can significantly improve the output performance of the electric machine by increasing the fundamental amplitude of the magnetic flux density and reducing the harmonic contents. The electric machines model composed of the MSHMA and conventional topology are also simulated by the FEM, and the air-gap magnetic flux density distribution under the armature reaction is analyzed. The results show the MSHMA’s capability to improve the output performance of the considered PMSM model, and a reduction in the torque ripple from 4.4 % to 1.8 %.

关键词： Magnetic flux density Torque Electric machines Atmospheric modeling Harmonic analysis Permanent magnet motors Finite element analysis

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Modal Analysis of An External Rotor Machine For Electric Propulsion aircraft

Modal Analysis of An External Rotor Machine For Electric Pro...

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IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA)

作者： Ziwei Dong Liang Yan Hang Su School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China Science and Technology on Aircraft Control Laboratory Beihang University Beijing China Ningbo Institute of Technology Beihang University Ningbo China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665409858

It is the electromagnetic vibration noise of permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) that is closely related to the modal calculation of the machine structure. An accurate modal calculation is the basis for the study of the vibration and noise characteristics of PMSM. Modal analysis helps to improve the design of the structure in order to avoid resonance. In this paper, the modal analysis of a propulsion machine for an aircraft was presented. The frequencies and mode shapes of the stator, rotor and the machine are obtained using finite element method (FEM). The results show that the frequencies and mode shapes of stator vary noticeably which is helpful in reducing the system vibration and avoiding resonating resonance. Calculations of the rotor natural frequency, vibration modes and critical speeds were conducted. The frequencies of the structure with more components of the machine are greatly increased in the same order. And the natural frequencies of different orders are quite different from that of the radial electromagnetic force with larger amplitude, so the resonance is effectively suppressed.

关键词： Vibrations Shape Modal analysis Resonant frequency Rotors Stators Aerospace electronics

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Scalable parallel evolutionary optimization on high performance computing

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Aerospace Traffic and Safety 2024年第2期1卷 93-102页

作者： Chen Jin Daren Zheng Shuke He Ao Cheng Gang Liu Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Emergency Science&Technology CAACNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjingChina Zhejiang Scientific Research Institute of Transport HangzhouChina School of Computer Science and Information Technology RMIT UniversityMelbourneAustralia Key Laboratory of Aircraft Environment Control and Life Support MIITNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjingChina Zhejiang Jiande Institute of General Aviation HangzhouChina Zhejiang ATM Sub-Bureau.CAAC HangzhouChina

To improve the efficiency of evolutionary algorithms(EAs)for solving complex problems with large populations,this paper proposes a scalable parallel evolution optimization(SPEO)framework with an elastic asynchronous migration(EAM)*** addresses two main challenges that arise in large-scale parallel EAs:(1)heavy communication workload from extensive information exchange across numerous processors,which reduces computational efficiency,and(2)loss of population diversity due to similar solutions generated and shared by many *** EAM mechanism introduces a self-adaptive communication scheme to mitigate communication overhead,while a diversity-preserving buffer helps maintain diversity by filtering similar *** results on eight CEC2014 benchmark functions using up to 512 CPU cores on the Australian National Computational Infrastructure(NCI)platform demonstrate that SPEO not only scales efficiently with an increasing number of processors but also achieves improved solution quality compared to state-of-the-art island-based EAs.

关键词： Parallel evolutionary algorithm High performance computing(HPC) Computational efficiency Asynchronous migration

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