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Optical neural networks:progress and challenges

Light(science & Applications) 2024年第11期13卷 2511-2535页

作者： Tingzhao Fu Jianfa Zhang Run Sun Yuyao Huang Wei Xu Sigang Yang Zhihong Zhu Hongwei Chen College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies National University of Defense TechnologyChangshaChina Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices National University of Defense TechnologyChangshaChina Nanhu Laser Laboratory National University of Defense TechnologyChangshaChina Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology(BNRist) BeijingChina

Artificial intelligence has prevailed in all trades and professions due to the assistance of big data resources,advanced algorithms,and high-performance electronic ***,conventional computing hardware is inefficient at implementing complex tasks,in large part because the memory and processor in its computing architecture are separated,performing insufficiently in computing speed and energy *** recent years,optical neural networks(ONNs)have made a range of research progress in optical computing due to advantages such as subnanosecond latency,low heat dissipation,and high *** are in prospect to provide support regarding computing speed and energy consumption for the further development of artificial intelligence with a novel computing ***,we first introduce the design method and principle of ONNs based on various optical ***,we successively review the non-integrated ONNs consisting of volume optical components and the integrated ONNs composed of on-chip ***,we summarize and discuss the computational density,nonlinearity,scalability,and practical applications of ONNs,and comment on the challenges and perspectives of the ONNs in the future development trends.

关键词： networks neural hardware

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Evaluating coarse PM composition and sources based on bulk and molecular speciation of PM2.5 and PM10 in Nanjing, East China

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2025年第6期152卷 155-166页

作者： Wangnan Cui Zishu Wang Wei Feng Chao Qin Hong Liao Yuhang Wang Mingjie Xie Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution ControlSchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Nuist Reading Academy Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Analysis for Organic Pollutants in Surface Water Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring CenterNanjing 210036China School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta GA 30332United States

To understand the differences in the composition and sources of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) caused by coarse particles,integrated PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) samples were synchronously collected in Nanjing,East China,in summer 2020 and winter 2020/*** and molecular speciation and light absorption measurements of aerosol extractswere performed,followed by positivematrix factorization(PMF)based on the PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) data sets,*** difference in average concentrations of total bulk species between PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) was mainly caused by the distribution of considerable NO_(3)^(–),SO42–,Ca^(2+),and organic carbon(OC)in coarse *** PMinfluenced by abrasion products from tirewear and leaves contributed about half of the low-volatility n-alkanes in *** contribution of coarse PM to biomass burning tracers and water-soluble OC increased in winter when biomass combustion was excessively *** than 70%of sugar polyols were attributable to coarse PM in summer,and biomass burning could be an important source in *** light-absorbing organic chromophores were almost entirely associated with PM_(2.5),but water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC)exhibited stronger light absorption in PM_(10) extracts than in PM_(2.5) extracts possibly due to the influence of coarse PMon *** analysis indicated that biomass burning,aqueous-phase reactions,and processed dust were the main contributors of organic matter and its light absorption in *** primary and secondary sources made discernable contributions only in *** differences between PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) were likely attributed to mixing of crustal dust,combustion particles,and surface reactions.

关键词： Coarse particle Bulk species Organic molecular marker Light absorption Source apportionment

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Lattice plainification and band engineering lead to high thermoelectric cooling and power generation in n-type Bi2Te3 with mass production

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国家科学评论（英文版） 2025年第2期12卷 270-279页

作者： Dongrui Liu Shulin Bai Yi Wen Jiayi Peng Shibo Liu Haonan Shi Yichen Li Tao Hong Huiqiang Liang Yongxin Qin Lizhong Su Xin Qian Dongyang Wang Xiang Gao Zhihai Ding Qian Cao Qing Tan Bingchao Qin Li-Dong Zhao School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Center for Bioinspired Science and Technology Hangzhou International Innovation InstituteBeihang UniversityHangzhou 311115China School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials College of Physics Science and TechnologyHebei UniversityBaoding 071002China School of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Science and TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education School of Physics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research(HPSTAR) Beijing 100094China Huabei Cooling Device Co.LTD Langfang 065400China School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Center for Bioinspired Science and Technology Hangzhou International Innovation InstituteBeihang UniversityHangzhou 311115China Tianmushan Laboratory Hangzhou 311115China

Thermoelectrics can mutually convert between thermal and electrical energy,ensuring its utilization in both power generation and solid-state ***2Te3 exhibits promising room-temperature performance,making it the sole commercially available thermoelectrics to *** by the lattice plainification strategy,we introduce trace amounts of Cu into n-type Bi2(Te,Se)3(BTS)to occupy Bi vacancies,thereby simultaneously weakening defect scattering and modulating the electronic ***,the interstitial Cu can bond with the BTS matrix to form extra electron transport *** multiple occupations of Cu substantially boost carrier mobility and electrical ***,the BTS+0.2％Cu achieves a room-temperature ZT of～1.3 with an average ZTave of～1.2 at 300-523 ***,the kilogram-scale ingot designed for mass production also exhibits high ***,we fabricate a full-scale device that achieves an excellent conversion efficiency of～6.4％and a high cooling △Tmax of～70.1 K,both of which outperform commercial devices.

关键词： thermoelectric n-type Bi2Te3 lattice plainification carrier mobility thermoelectric device

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Track Damage And Obstacle Detection Using Multi Sensor Fusion Framework 15

Track Damage And Obstacle Detection Using Multi Sensor Fusio...

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15th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies, ICCCNT 2024

作者： Priya, S.Padma Abarna, P.S. Devi, C.Manjula Hammed, S. Shahul Karthikeyan, M.P. Saravanan, K.Muthu Psna College of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Science and Business Systems Dindigul India Velammal college of Engineering and Technology Department of Information Technology Madurai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350370249

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology into railway track monitoring systems marks a pivotal advancement in ensuring the safety and efficiency of railway operations. Through strategic deployment of sensors along the tracks, this innovative system offers real-time detection of obstacles, furnishing vital data for timely intervention to avert potential accidents. This capability not only elevates passenger and crew safety but also bolsters the reliability of railway transportation systems as a whole. The system constantly scans the track ahead of the train for any anomalies using sensors positioned toward the front of the vehicle. The system immediately notifies the application faults it detects, enabling prompt action. Additionally, it updates the status of an IoT platform and displays it for personnel on board via an LCD panel. An audio alarm is generated in the event of critical sensor readings to ensure prompt attention. By lowering potential risks and responding quickly to track problems, This IoT-based solution holds the promise of revolutionizing railway operations by furnishing augmented safety, efficiency, and reliability, thereby addressing the burgeoning demands of contemporary transportation infrastructure. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： InfraRed Sensor Railway safety reliability track monitoring Ultrasonic Sensor

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Rational construction of CuFe_(2)O_(4)@C/Cd_(0.9)Zn_(0.1)S S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst for extraordinary photothermal-assisted photocatalytic H_(2) evolution

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 240-249页

作者： Dong Zhang Minghui Zhu Ran Qin Peixian Chen Maoye Yin Dafeng Zhang Junchang Liu Hengshuai Li Xipeng Pu Peiqing Cai School of Physics Science and Information Technology Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and TechnologyLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng 252000ShandongChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell TechnologyLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng 252000ShandongChina College of Optical and Electronic Technology China Jiliang UniversityHangzhou 310018ZhejiangChina

Rational design of photocatalyst to maximize the use of sunlight is one of the issues to be solved in photocatalysis *** this study,the CuFe_(2)O_(4)@C/Cd_(0.9)Zn_(0.1)S(CFO@C/CZS)S-scheme photocatalyst with photothermal effect was synthesized by ultrasonic self-assembly combined with *** dark CFO@C absorbed visible light and partly converted into heat to promote the hydrogen evolution *** presence of heterojunctions inhibited the photogenerated electron-hole *** graphite-carbon layer provided a stable channel for electron transfer,and the presence of magnetic CFO made recycle *** the action of photothermal assistance and heterojunction,the hydrogen evolution rate of the optimal CFO@C/CZS was 80.79 mmol g^(-1) h^(-1),which was 2.55 times and 260.61 times of that of pure CZS and CFO@C,***,the composite samples also exhibit excellent stability and a wide range of environmental *** experimental tests and first-principles simulation calculation methods,the plausible mechanism of photoactivity enhancement was *** work provided a feasible strategy of photothermal assistance for the development of heterojunction photocatalysts with distinctive hydrogen evolution.

关键词： Photothermal effect S-scheme heterojunction Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution First-principles calculations

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Low PAPR FBMC-OQAM System Based on Data Mapping and DFT Spreading

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第12期12卷 22311-22324页

作者： Li, Liming Zhang, Jiliang Ding, Liqin Wang, Yang Zhang, Haining NingboTech University School of Information Science and Engineering Ningbo315100 China Harbin Institute of Technology Department of Electronic and Information Engineering Shenzhen518055 China Northeastern University State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries College of Information Science and Engineering Shenyang110819 China Southeast University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Nanjing210096 China Nankai University College of Software Tianjin300350 China

Filter bank multicarrier with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC-OQAM) is considered as a promising waveform for Internet of Things (IoT) due to its capability to mitigate interference among asynchronous users. However, as a multicarrier technique, the FBMC-OQAM signal also has a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which is detrimental to low-power transmission. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-spread scheme to exhaustively reduce the PAPR of the FBMC-OQAM signal. In this scheme, the transmitting data symbols are first mapped with a conjugate symmetry rule and then coded by the DFT. Using this method, the preprocessing step in FBMC-OQAM that involves separating the real and imaginary parts of the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols can be avoided. Compared with existing DFT-spread FBMC-OQAM schemes, the proposed scheme demonstrates better PAPR performance while maintaining equivalent spectral efficiency. Additionally, the computational complexity of the proposed scheme experiences only a slight increase, thereby preserving a relatively low computational burden. Numerical simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Furthermore, the effect of the prototype filter on the PAPR is investigated, and a trade-off exists between the PAPR and out-of-band performance. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Quadrature amplitude modulation

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Answer Code Validation Program with Test Data Generation for Code Writing Problem in Java Programming Learning Assistant System

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engineering Letters 2024年第5期32卷 981-994页

作者： Wai, Khaing Hsu Funabiki, Nobuo Aung, Soe Thandar Lu, Xiqin Jing, Yanhui Kyaw, Htoo Htoo Sandi Kao, Wen-Chung Department of Information and Communication Systems Okayama University Okayama Japan Department of Computer and Information Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo Japan Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan

In order to support the learning of novice students in Java programming, the web-based Java Programming Learning Assistant System (JPLAS) has been developed. JPLAS offers several types of exercise problems to foster code reading and writing skills at different levels. In JPLAS, the code writing problem (CWP) asks a student to write a source code that will pass the test code given in the assignment where the correctness is verified by running them on JUnit. In this paper, to reduce the teacher’s workload during the marking process, we present the answer code validation program that verifies all the source codes from a large number of students for each assignment and reports the number of passing tests for each source code in the CSV file. Besides, to test a source code with various input data, we implement the test data generation algorithm that identifies the data type, generates new data, and replaces it for each test data in the test code. Furthermore, to verify the correctness of the implemented procedures in the source code, we introduce the intermediate state testing in the test code. For evaluations, we applied the proposal to source codes and test codes in a Java programming course in Okayama university, Japan, and confirmed the validity and effectiveness. © 2024, International Association of Engineers. All rights reserved.

关键词： Students

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Stabilizing alkaline hydrogen evolution activity of heterogeneous metal-oxide-nitride cathode by dynamic reconstruction and doping engineering

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稀有金属（英文版） 2025年第2期44卷 1084-1095页

作者： Jin-Di He Han-Du Wang Xu-Ming Zhang Li Huang Yun Li Lu Xia Chao-Ran Pi Jian-Ping Li Yang Zheng Biao Gao Kai-Fu Huo The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy and Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China Guizhou Wujiang Hydropower Development Co. LTD.Guiyang 550002China The College of Resources and Environment Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(WNLO) School of Optical and Electronic InformationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

The development of cost-effective,highly effi-cient and stable catalysts is critical to promote the indus-trial alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).However,single-component catalysts often cannot handle the multiple kinetic steps during hydrogen *** address this challenge,a heterogeneous catalyst comprising metal Co,CoO and carbon-doped Mo2N(Co-CoO-C/Mo2N/CC)was synthesized by heat treatment of carbon cloth-supported CoMoO4 microrods in a mixed reduction *** resulting catalyst has rich interfaces,exhibiting excellent initial HER activity with an overpotential of 27 mV at 10 mA·cm-2 and a Tafel slope of 37 mV·*** studies show that the activity and stability of the catalyst can be tailored by the dynamic surface reconfiguration and doping *** carbon doping and high crystallinity in Mo2N help to reduce the dissolution of Mo and the surface metal Co is preferentially converted into stable Co(OH)2,thus stabilizing the struc-ture of the catalyst and coordinating various reaction *** an electrolyzer comprising a heterogeneous Co-CoO-C/Mo2N cathode and NiFe layered double hydroxides(LDH)anode,only 1.58 V is required to achieve a current density of 50 mA·cm-2,outperforming Pt/RuO *** continuous electrolysis for 100 h,the potential increases by merely 19 mV from the initial 1.58 V,indicating excellent *** study presents a novel strategy for developing highly active and stable heterogeneous catalysts,offering insights into the dynamic evolution of catalyst structures and laying the groundwork for designing efficient and stable composite catalysts for energy conversion applications.

关键词： Heterogeneous catalyst Dynamic reconstruction Doping engineering Hydrogen evolution reaction Nitride

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The Construction of a Task-oriented Simulation Test Environment for System of systems 9

The Construction of a Task-oriented Simulation Test Environm...

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9th International Conference on Big Data and information Analytics, BigDIA 2023

作者： Yan, Jingjing Xiao, Weidong Zhang, Weiming Fu, Chen National University of Denfense Technology College of Systems Engineering Changsha China Nanjing Research Institute of Electronic Engineering Science and Technology on Information System Engineering Laboratory Nanjing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350330076

The modern combat system exhibits the characteristics of a multitude of components, diverse component types, and intricate inter-component interactions, commonly referred to as a System of systems (SoS). To facilitate the construction of an on-demand task-oriented SoS simulation test environment, this paper proposed the SoS simulation test environment model description method, established the test resource modeling specification, and designed the method of on-demand configuration and agile deployment construction of the simulation test environment. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： System of systems

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Deep transfer learning technique to detect white blood cell classification in regular clinical practice using histopathological images

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第9期84卷 5699-5723页

作者： Davamani, K. Anita Jawahar, Malathy Anbarasi, L. Jani Ravi, Vinayakumar Al Mazroa, Alanoud Robin, C. R. Rene Computer Science and Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India Leather Process Technology Division CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute Chennai India School of Computing Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India Computer Science and Engineering Sri Sairam Engineering College Sirukalathur India Center for Artificial Intelligence Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University Khobar Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

Leukemia, a malignant disease characterized by the rapid proliferation of specific types of white blood cells (WBC), has prompted increased interest in leveraging automatic WBC classification system. This study presents the design of a robust WBC classification system, integrating deep learning with microscopic image analysis. The proposed classification model is designed to categorize blood cells into four distinct groups: eosinophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and neutrophil. The study employs a Kaggle image dataset for comprehensive learning. The dataset comprises 12,500 microscopic images used to categorize the four blood cell groups. To enhance performance and reduce the likelihood of overfitting, transfer learning techniques are employed. Six deep transfer learning models namely VGG16, ResNet50, AlexNet, MobileNet, GoogLeNet, and EfficientNetBO are used for feature extraction and classification. The results of the experiments show that VGG16 and MobileNet demonstrated enhancements compared to other pre-trained models when evaluated on both augmented and original datasets. A diverse set of evaluation criteria was employed to thoroughly assess the effectiveness of medical image classification. Notably, the VGG16 and MobileNet models accurately predicted Lymphocytes and Monocytes with a 100% accuracy rate, and Eosinophil and Neutrophil with rates of 99.35% and 99.81%, respectively. This research work empower medical practitioners, particularly in the field of pathology and hematology by providing advanced tools for accurate blood cell classification. The proposed VGG16 and MobileNet models hold promise for simplifying WBC classification, improving decision-making processes, and ultimately advancing patient care in the medical domain. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Deep learning

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