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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and systems (ISCAS)

作者： T. Valtonen T. Nurmi J. Isoaho H. Tenhunen Turku Center for Computer Science Turku Finland Laboratory of Electronics and Information Technology Department of Applied Physics University of Turku Turkey Electronic System Design Laboratory Department of Electronics Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

In this paper we propose an interconnection scheme for the autonomous error-tolerant (AET) cell introduced in a paper by Valtonen et al. (2001). The objective here is to partition the system into identical, physically autonomous and highly configurable cells that can operate without outside control or synchronization. In billion transistor Network-on-Chip (NoC) circuits, an AET cell fabric could prove highly flexible and reliable, and allow for low replication costs, due to homogeneousity. However, many challenges persist before a useful system can be constructed: the need for (i) scalable long-distance communication-global bus wiring fits poorly into a homogeneous, symmetric fabric and limits scalability, (ii) flexible communication-cells in all directions, within a given range, should be accessible and (iii) self-synchronizing topologies, due to the absence of external synchronization; (iv) the interconnect scheme is to be implemented using near-future technology generations, and (v) the fabric should be efficient when constituting billions of cells.

关键词： Integrated circuit interconnections Fabrics Network-on-a-chip Communication system control Control systems Flexible printed circuits Telecommunication network reliability Costs Wiring Scalability

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Dendritic calcium accumulation regulates wind sensitivity via short-term depression at cercal sensory-to-giant interneuron synapses in the cricket

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Developmental Neurobiology 2001年第4期46卷

作者： Hiroto Ogawa Yoshichika Baba Kotaro Oka Kawachi Millibioflight Project ERATO JST 4-7-6 Komaba Meguro Tokyo 153-0014 Japan Section of Information and Processing Laboratory of Neuro-cybernetics Research Institute for Electronic Science Hokkaido University Kita 12-jyo Nishi 6 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0812 Japan Department of System Design Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan

An in vivo Ca 2+ imaging technique was applied to examine the cellular mechanisms for attenuation of wind sensitivity in the identified primary sensory interneurons in the cricket cercal system. Simultaneous measurement of the cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) and membrane potential of a wind-sensitive giant interneuron (GI) revealed that successive air puffs caused the Ca 2+ accumulation in dendrites and diminished the wind-evoked bursting response in the GI. After tetanic stimulation of the presynaptic cercal sensory nerves induced a larger Ca 2+ accumulation in the GI, the wind-evoked bursting response was reversibly decreased in its spike number. When hyperpolarizing current injection suppressed the [Ca 2+ ] i elevation during tetanic stimulation, the wind-evoked EPSPs were not changed. Moreover, after suprathreshold tetanic stimulation to one side of the cercal nerve resulted in Ca 2+ accumulation in the GI's dendrites, the slope of EPSP evoked by presynaptic stimulation of the other side of the cercal nerve was also attenuated for a few minutes after the [Ca 2+ ] i had returned to the prestimulation level. This short-term depression at synapses between the cercal sensory neurons and the GI (cercal-to-giant synapses) was also induced by a depolarizing current injection, which increased the [Ca 2+ ] i , and buffering of the Ca 2+ rise with a high concentration of a Ca 2+ chelator blocked the induction of short-term depression. These results indicate that the postsynaptic Ca 2+ accumulation causes short-term synaptic depression at the cercal-to-giant synapses. The dendritic excitability of the GI may contribute to postsynaptic regulation of the wind-sensitivity via Ca 2+ -dependent depression. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 46: 301–313, 2001

关键词： active dendrite calcium cricket giant interneuron short-term synaptic depression

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On disjoint covers and ROBDD size

On disjoint covers and ROBDD size

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IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing

作者： E.V. Dubrova D.M. Miller Electronic System Design Laboratory Department of Electronics KTH-Electrum Royal Institute of Technology Sweden VLSi Design and Test Group Department of Computer Science University of Victoria Victoria BC Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0780355830

The relation between the number of nodes in a ROBDD and the number of implicants in the disjoint cover of the function represented by that ROBDD is studied. We identify a class of functions for which there are disjoint covers such that a cover of a larger size can be represented by a ROBDD with a smaller number of nodes. This shows that the size of a ROBDD is not a monotonically increasing function of the size of the disjoint cover.

关键词： Data structures Boolean functions Electronic equipment testing Input variables Circuits Very large scale integration system testing Computer science Adders Polynomials

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Parallel processor system specific for Monte Carlo analysis based on ring bus architecture

Parallel processor system specific for Monte Carlo analysis ...

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International Workshop on Computational Electronics

作者： H. Kurino T. Ono N. Kuroishi T. Kawata N. Miyakawa M. Fukase R. Aibara M. Koyanagi Intelligent System Design Laboratory Department of Machine Intelligent and Systems Engineering Graduate School of Engineering University of Tohoku Sendai Japan Advanced Technology & Engineering Center Fuji Xerox Company Limited Faculty of Science and Technology Hirosaki University Information Processing Center Hiroshima Institute of Technology

We have developed a new parallel processor system specific for the MC analysis, to dramatically reduce the calculation time. Our parallel processor system is based on ring bus architecture. The RISC micro processor chip, which contains a ring bus interface unit (RBIU), a floating point arithmetic unit (FAU) and so on, was also developed for our system. Speed up ratio compared with a single processor reached to 13.5 at 23 PEs.

关键词： Monte Carlo methods design engineering Analytical models Computational modeling Master-slave Intelligent systems Machine intelligence Poisson equations system analysis and design systems engineering and theory

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A rough set approach for planner evaluation

A rough set approach for planner evaluation

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IEEE International Conference on systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： B.K. Sy Wang Jiaxin Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Group System Design Engineering Department University of Waterloo Waterloo ONT Canada Department of Computer Science CUNY Flushing NY USA The State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technology and Systems Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China

This paper discusses a rough set approach for evaluating solutions of scheduling problems. Algorithms for solving scheduling problems are planners and the scheduling problems are modelled as constraint satisfaction problems. Conventional approach for the analysis of algorithms often focuses on the time and representational complexities, and assumes an identical cost on all operations. The proposed rough set approach augments conventional approaches for the analysis of algorithms in two ways: 1) it permits the consideration of different costs arising from different operations; and 2) it allows one to define a new utility for a complexity analysis.

关键词： Algorithm design and analysis Processor scheduling Set theory Machine intelligence Computer science Costs Search problems Educational institutions Pattern analysis system analysis and design

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Developing a prototype concurrent design tool for composite topside structures

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 279-290页

作者： Dirlik, S Hambric, S Azarm, S Marquardt, M Hellman, A Bartlett, S Castelli, V Steve Dirlik:began his career at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division in 1981 as an aerospace engineer co-op student. He completed his bachelor of science degree in aeropace and ocean engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1985 and his master of science degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Maryland in 1990. Mr. Dirlik recently completed a master of science program in applied physics at The Johns Hopins University and currently works in the Radar Cross Section and Target Physics Branch of the Signatures Directorate at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Corderoke Division. He has worked on Navy low observable programs since 1990. Stephen Hambric:is a research associate at the Applied Research Laboratory at The Pennsylvania State University. He received his B. S. and M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and his D. Sc. in mechnical engineering from the George Washington University. He has worked on several computer aided multidiscikplinary design and optimization projects over the years including an automated propeller design system and a structural acoustic optimization capability. Dr. Shpour Azarm:is currently working as an associate professor with the Design and Manufacturing Group of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of maryland at College Park. Dr Azarm's expertise is in the areas of optimization-based designed and concurrent design and optimization of multidisciplinary systems. He was a consultant at Black & Decker Corporation (summer 1996) and worked as a Navy senior summer faculty fellow (summer 1995) and a NASA summer faculty fellow (summer 1994). He was a visiting scientist at NASA Langley Research Center for Multidisciplinary Analysis and Applied Structural Optimzatiom at the University of Siegen in Germany (spring 1992) and the Design Institute of the Technical University of Denmark (summer 1990). Dr Azarm was an associate technical editor of the ASME Jour

A prototype concurrent engineering tool has been developed for the preliminary design of composite topside structures for modern navy warships. This tool, named GELS for the Concurrent Engineering of Layered Structures, provides designers with an immediate assessment of the impacts of their decisions on several disciplines which are important to the performance of a modern naval topside structure, including electromagnetic interference effects (EMI), radar cross section (RCS), structural integrity, cost, and weight. Preliminary analysis modules in each of these disciplines are integrated to operate from a common set of design variables and a common materials database. Performance in each discipline and an overall fitness function for the concept are then evaluated. A graphical user interface (GUI) is used to define requirements and to display the results from the technical analysis modules. Optimization techniques, including feasible sequential quadratic programming (FSQP) and exhaustive search are used to modify the design variables to satisfy all requirements simultaneously. The development of this tool, the technical modules, and their integration are discussed noting the decisions and compromises required to develop and integrate the modules into a prototype conceptual design tool.

关键词： Warships

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Operational systems, logistics engineering and technology insertion

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 205-220页

作者： Grubb, MJ Skolnick, A Michael J. Grubb:has perfomzed naval engineering at the Crane Division Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) for more than twenty-five years. He currently the program manager for the Sustainable Hardware and Affordable Readiness Practice Program (SHARP). is a Navy-wide logistics research and development prgram aimed at the successful transiton of proved technologies inot the fleet. SHARP focuses on reducing acquisition performance capability reliability maintainability and readiness of these systems. Mr. Grubb has served as a department director for the past eleven years. His most recent assignment was as director of the Tactical Computer Resources and Test Equipment Department. This organization provided acquisition and in-service engineering support of the Navy's tectical embedded computers priphirals displays and mass memory storage devices. The organization also provided a complete range of product engineering and metrology engineerig services for SSP NevSeaSysCom and the Trident Program. Prior to this appointment Mr. Grubb was deptuy director psysical security programs department and site responsible for program management and system integration of ashore integrated security systems. Mr. Grubb holds a B.S. degree in industrial engineering from Iowa State Universtiy an M.S. degree in industrial engineering from Purdue University and has copleted the course work (Dec.'96 for a master's degree in public and environment affairs at Indiana University-Purdue Univeristy Indianapolis. Dr. Alfred Skolnick operates System Science Consultants (SSC) specilizing in strategic planning technical program definiton technology assessment and engineering analyses on selected matters of national interest. He has taught physics mathematics and management sciences at University of Virginia and Marymount University and is currently adjunct professor of mathematics at Northern Virginia Community College. Form 1985 to 1989 he was president of the American Society of Noval Engineers. Dr. Skolnick served at Applied Physic

In an era of fiscal austerity, downsizing and unforgiving pressure upon human and economic capital, it is an Augean task to identify resources for fresh and creative work. The realities of the day and the practical demands of more immediate fleet needs can often dictate higher priorities. Yet, the Navy must avoid eating its seed corn. Exercising both technical insight and management foresight, the fleet, the R&D community, the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OpNav) and the product engineering expertise of the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) are joined and underway with integrated efforts to marry new, fully demonstrated technologies and operational urgencies. Defense funding today cannot sponsor all work that can be mission-justified over the long term because budgets are insufficient to support product maturation within the classical development cycle. However, by rigorous technical filtering and astute engineering of both marketplace capabilities and currently available components, it is possible in a few select cases to compress and, in effect, integrate advanced development (6.3), engineering development (6.4), weapon procurement (WPN), ship construction (SCN), operation and maintenance (O&M,N) budgetary categories when fleet criticalities and technology opportunities can happily meet. In short, 6.3 funds can be applied directly to ''ripe gateways'' so modern technology is inserted into existing troubled or aging systems, sidestepping the lengthy, traditional development cycle and accelerating practical payoffs to recurrent fleet problems. To produce such constructive results has required a remarkable convergence of sponsor prescience and engineering workforce excellence. The paper describes, extensively, the philosophy of approach, transition strategy, polling of fleet needs, technology assessment, and management team requirements. The process for culling and selecting specific candidate tasks for SHARP sponsorship (matching operational need with t

关键词： Naval vessels

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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human Engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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Affordability, logistics R&D and fleet systems

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1996年第3期108卷 199-213页

作者： Schulte, DP Skolnick, A He has supported the development and operation of several naval systems including advanced component selection for Trident II fire control and navigation systems. He served as branch manager of the Surface Ship ASW Combat System Branch which acted as the acquisition engineering agent for the AN/SQQ-89 Surface Ship Anti-Submarine Warfare Weapon System. He was then selected to manage the Module Engineering Department which provided engineering support to numerous naval systems including the AN/BSY-1 Submarine Combat System and the Trident II fire control and navigation system. He then served as the deputy program manager for NAVSEA Progressive Maintenance (2M/ATE). He holds a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Purdue University and currently is pursuing a Maste's degree in Public Environmental Affairs at Indiana University—Purdue University Indianapolis. He served at Applied Physics Laboratory/The Johns Hopkins University in missile development then aboard USS Boston (CAG-1) and played leading roles in several weapon system developments (Regulus Terrier Tartar Talos) inertial navigation (Polaris) deep submergence (DSRV) and advanced ship designs (SES). He later was director Combat System Integration Naval Sea Systems Command and head Combat Projects Naval Ship Engineering Center. He led the Navy's High Energy Lasers and Directed Energy Weapons development efforts. He was vice president advanced technology at Operations Research Inc. and vice president maritime engineering at Defense Group Inc. before starting SSC in 1991. Dr. Skolnick holds a B.S. degree in Mathematics and Economics Queens College an M.A. degree in Mathematics and Philosophy Columbia University an M.S. degree in Electrical/Aeronautical Engineering U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics from Polytechnic University in New York. He is the author of many published papers on engineering design issues source selection procedures and large-scale complex technology problems

The Fleet continues to require high performance systems that can operate with dependability in the seas' unforgiving environments and under hostile action. Those demands are not new. What has changed is the urgent priority formerly assigned to national defense issues. The arguments for continued superpower military strength are now roiled in politics along with unsettled budgets and uncertain force level projections. Current expectations revolve about indefinite fiscal and operational issues (difficult funding constraints and broadband threats). In the actual event of ''doing more with less,'' a practical response is to apply the creative power available from sound engineering judgement and the crucible of experience to the immediate needs of the Fleet. The attempt to shorten the path between advanced development effort and Fleet use has been tried occasionally in the past, often, without exemplary results. The Sustainable Hardware and Affordable Readiness Practices (SHARP) program, is a generic R&D effort under OpNav sponsorship that has been working steadily on sensible solutions to product engineering problems. Armed today with fast-time, large-scale computation abilities and modern tools for technical problem solving coupled with specialized engineering knowledge, it has been refreshed and is underway satisfying existing Fleet needs. The relationship between fully responsive engineering services and current operational needs is always demanding. The connection between advanced engineering development (6.3 category funds) and immediate Fleet usage brings added complexity and challenge, both technical and organizational. Illustrative examples of affordable engineering solutions to ''retain, revise, replace or retire'' questions are presented within the context of both Fleet realities and budgetary limitations. The discussion covers legacy system support, civil/military considerations and Fleet maintenance issues. It describes the substantial and critical payoffs i

关键词： Warships

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Limitations in predicting defect level based on stuck-at fault coverage

Limitations in predicting defect level based on stuck-at fau...

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VLSI Test Symposium

作者： J. Park M. Naivar R. Kapur M.R. Mercer T.W. Williams Department of ECE University of Texas Austin USA Life Science Division Los Alamos National Laboratory USA Design for Testability Department IBM System Technology Division IBM

The stuck-at fault model has been used over decades as a guide to the test generation process and as an evaluation mechanism for the quality of the test set. As demands on quality have increased, the use of the stuck-at fault model as a predictor of the defect level has been questioned. This paper provides some insight on the issue and shows the limitations of using the stuck-at fault coverage to predict the defect level. The authors demonstrate that as defect level decreases the uncertainty of the estimate grows.< >

关键词： Circuit faults Circuit testing Performance analysis Integrated circuit modeling system testing Contracts design for testability Predictive models Performance evaluation Manufacturing processes

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