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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Chenglong Tang, Haoyu Yang, Xiyuan Xie, Yueqi Suh, Jina Sitaram, Sunayana Huang, Junming Xie, Yu Gong, Zhaoya Xie, Xing Wu, Fangzhao School of Urban Planning and Design Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Human-Earth Relations Ministry of Natural Resources of China Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan China Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Microsoft Research Redmond United States Microsoft Research Bengaluru India Paul and Marcia Center on Contemporary China Princeton University Princeton United States Center for Social Research Guanghua School of Management Peking University Beijing China Microsoft Research Asia Beijing China

As large language models (LLMs) gradually become integral tools for problem solving in daily life worldwide, understanding linguistic inequality is becoming increasingly important. Existing research has primarily focused on static analyses that assess the disparities in the existing knowledge and capabilities of LLMs across languages. However, LLMs are continuously evolving, acquiring new knowledge to generate up-to-date, domain-specific responses. Investigating linguistic inequalities within this dynamic process is, therefore, also essential. In this paper, we explore inequalities in new knowledge learning by LLMs across different languages and four key dimensions: effectiveness, transferability, prioritization, and robustness. Through extensive experiments under two settings (in-context learning and fine-tuning) using both proprietary and open-source models, we demonstrate that low-resource languages consistently face disadvantages across all four dimensions. By shedding light on these disparities, we aim to raise awareness of linguistic inequities in LLMs’ new knowledge learning, fostering the development of more inclusive and equitable future LLMs. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Enhancing Irradiation Resistance in Refractory Medium Entropy Alloys with Simplified Chemistry

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Tunes, M.A. Parkison, D. Sun, B. Willenshofer, P. Samberger, S. Derby, B.K. Baldwin, J.K.S. Fensin, S.J. Sobieraj, D. Wróbel, J.S. Byggmästar, J. Pogatscher, S. Martinez, E. Nguyen-Manh, D. El-Atwani, O. Chair of Non-Ferrous Metallurgy Montanuniversität Leoben Austria Materials Science and Technology Division Los Alamos National Laboratory United States Department of Nuclear Engineering University of California at Berkeley United States Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Clemson University United States Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Los Alamos National Laboratory United States Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Warsaw University of Technology Poland Department of Physics University of Helsinki Finland Materials Division United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Culham Campus Abingdon United Kingdom Department of Materials University of Oxford Parks Road United Kingdom Reactor Materials and Mechanical Design Pacific Northwest National Laboratory United States

Refractory High-Entropy Alloys (RHEAs) hold promising potential to be used as structural materials in future nuclear fusion reactors, where W and its alloys are currently leading candidates. Fusion materials must be able to withstand extreme conditions [1, 2], such as (i) severe radiation-damage arising from highly-energetic neutrons, (ii) embrittlement caused by implantation of H and He ions, and (iii) exposure to extreme high-temperatures and thermal gradients. Recent research demonstrated that two RHEAs - the WTaCrV [3] and WTaCrVHf [4] - can outperform both coarse-grained and nanocrystalline W in terms of its radiation response and microstructural stability [5-8]. Chemical complexity and nanocrystallinity enhance the radiation tolerance of these new RHEAs, but their multi-element nature, including low-melting Cr, complicates bulk fabrication and limits practical applications. Herein, we demonstrate that reducing the number of alloying elements and yet retain high-radiation tolerance is possible within the ternary system W-Ta-V via synthesis of two novel nanocrystalline refractory medium-entropy alloys (RMEAs): the W53Ta44V3 and W53Ta42V5 (in at.%). We experimentally show that the radiation response of the W-Ta-V system can be tailored by small additions of V, and such experimental result was validated with theoretical analysis of chemical short-range orders (CSRO) from combined ab-initio atomistic Monte-Carlo modeling. It is predicted from computational analysis that a small change in V concentration has a significant effect on the Ta-V CRSO between W53Ta44V3 and W53Ta42V5 leading to radiation-resistant microstructures in these RMEAs from chemistry stand-point of views. By returning to terminal solid solutions, we deviate from the original high-entropy alloy concept to show that high radiation resistance can be achieved in systems with simplified chemical complexity, hinting at a new paradigm for the metallurgy of high-entropy and highly-concentrated multi-compo

关键词： Tantalum alloys

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Distributed Finite-Time Cooperative Localization for Three-Dimensional Sensor Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wu, Jinze Zino, Lorenzo Lin, Zhiyun Rizzo, Alessandro The Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Politecnico di Torino Torino Italy Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Control Theory and Intelligent Systems School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen China The Institute for Invention Innovation and Entrepreneurship New York University Tandon School of Engineering BrooklynNY United States

This paper addresses the distributed localization problem for a network of sensors placed in a three-dimensional space, in which sensors are able to perform range measurements, i.e., measure the relative distance between them, and exchange information on a network structure. First, we derive a necessary and sufficient condition for node localizability using barycentric coordinates. Then, building on this theoretical result, we design a distributed localizability verification algorithm, in which we propose and employ a novel distributed finite-time algorithm for sum consensus. Finally, we develop a distributed localization algorithm based on conjugate gradient method, and we derive a theoretical guarantee on its performance, which ensures finite-time convergence to the exact position for all localizable nodes. The efficiency of our algorithm compared to the existing ones from the state-of-the-art literature is further demonstrated through numerical simulations. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Conjugate gradient method

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Experimental investigation of the transient pool boiling heat transfer on the quenching of vertical rodlet in water

Experimental investigation of the transient pool boiling hea...

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2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, ICONE 2020, collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference

作者： Wang, Zefeng Deng, Jian Qian, Libo Cai, Rong Xiong, Jinbiao Zhong, Lei Ma, Yugao State Key Laboratory of Reactor System Design Technology Nuclear Power Institute of China 328 Changshun Road Shuangliu District Chengdu China School of Nuclear Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 DongChuan Road MinHang District Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9780791883785

Quenching is an important phenomenon in the evaluation of an emergency core cooling system following a hypothetical loss of coolant accident (LOCA) in a nuclear reactor. In the present study, an experimental apparatus is designed and constructed with the purpose of conducting high-temperature transient pool boiling quenching experiments for zirconium (Zr-4) cylindrical test samples. Three thermocouples are inserted in the test sample to investigate the effect of axial distance on the minimum film boiling temperature. The Zr-4 rodlet is heated up to a temperature well above the minimum film boiling temperature (up to 600°C), and then plunged vertically in a quiescent pool of subcooled water. A data acquisition system is used to record the temperature of the embedded thermocouples with time. Data reduction is performed by an inverse heat conduction code to calculate the surface temperature and corresponding surface heat flux. A visualization study with a high-speed camera is conducted to record the quenching behavior on the test sample. It is found that the minimum film boiling temperature decreases with the axial distance, while the CHF temperature is relatively insensitive to the axial distance. The film boiling heat transfer coefficient decreases with surface temperature, and seems to be independent of axial distance. The quench front is observed to originate from the bottom and move upwards. It is found that the quench front velocity remains nearly constant in the lower region of the test sample, and significantly increases in the upper region. © 2020 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). All rights reserved.

关键词： Surface temperature

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OFDM Achieves the Lowest Ranging Sidelobe Under Random ISAC Signaling

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Liu, Fan Zhang, Ying Xiong, Yifeng Li, Shuangyang Yuan, Weijie Gao, Feifei Jin, Shi Caire, Giuseppe The National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing210096 China The School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China The School of Information and Electronic Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China Technical University of Berlin Berlin10623 Germany The Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

This paper aims to answer a fundamental question in the area of Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC): What is the optimal communication-centric ISAC waveform for ranging? Towards that end, we first established a generic framework to analyze the sensing performance of communication-centric ISAC waveforms built upon orthonormal signaling bases and random data symbols. Then, we evaluated their ranging performance by adopting both the periodic and aperiodic autocorrelation functions (P-ACF and A-ACF), and defined the expectation of the integrated sidelobe level (EISL) as a sensing performance metric. On top of that, we proved that among all communication waveforms with cyclic prefix (CP), the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation is the only globally optimal waveform that achieves the lowest ranging sidelobe for quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and phase shift keying (PSK) constellations, in terms of both the EISL and the sidelobe level at each individual lag of the P-ACF. As a step forward, we proved that among all communication waveforms without CP, OFDM is a locally optimal waveform for QAM/PSK in the sense that it achieves a local minimum of the EISL of the A-ACF. Finally, we demonstrated by numerical results that under QAM/PSK constellations, there is no other orthogonal communication-centric waveform that achieves a lower ranging sidelobe level than that of the OFDM, in terms of both P-ACF and A-ACF cases. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quadrature amplitude modulation

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Study on numerical model of vortex shedding for three-way pipe 48

Study on numerical model of vortex shedding for three-way pi...

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48th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering, INTER-NOISE 2019 MADRID

作者： Liu, Shuai Feng, ZhiPeng Wu, WanJun Jiang, XiaoZhou Huang, Xuan Qi, HuanHuan Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of China. No. 328 Changshun Avenue Shuangliu Chengdu China

ISBN: (纸本)9788487985317

The three-way pipe vortex shedding phenomenon is the main excitation source for pipe vibration, which can lead to the generation of acoustic resonance. The existing researches mainly focus on air and wet steam, however the researches on water medium is rare. In this paper, the formation mechanism of vortex shedding for three-way pipe under water medium is studied, and the influence of turbulence model, water compressibility, boundary layer and model size is discussed. A more accurate simulation model is established, The suggestions for the establishment of the three-way pipe vortex shedding simulation model are given according to the simulation results. © INTER-NOISE 2019 MADRID - 48th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Vortex shedding

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DC-Side Decoupling Method of DC-link Capacitor Reduction for Single Phase PWM Rectifier

DC-Side Decoupling Method of DC-link Capacitor Reduction for...

引用

Sustainable Power and Energy Conference (iSPEC)

作者： Jinxin Wang Peng Renyong Kailei Dai Zhiqiang Zhang Ting Zhang Junjie Zhao Qian Chen Jianjian Zhang Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu China Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu China

ISBN: (数字)9781728191645

ISBN: (纸本)9781728191652

The integrated charging system of Electric vehicle consists of a single-phase PWM rectifier and a Buck converter. When the single-phase PWM rectifier works with unit power factor, the dc-link voltage contains a large voltage harmonic of twice the grid frequency. Although the output voltage ripple can be controlled within the required range using the proper control of the Buck converter, the second-order harmonic on the dc-link capacitor is inevitable. This paper proposes a de-side decoupling method for the second-order harmonic problem of the dc-link voltage of the integrated charging system. A de-side decoupling half bridge is connected in parallel to absorb the ripple power of twice the grid frequency. This paper analyzes the operating principle of the de-side decoupling half bridge. Based on a theoretical analysis of the topology and the design procedure for controlling system, the proposed converter is designed and simulated. Finally, simulation results are given to verify the method.

关键词： Capacitors Rectifiers Bridge circuits Pulse width modulation Harmonic analysis Control systems Voltage control

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Fluoride-Salt-Cooled High-Temperature reactor: An Integrated Nuclear-Based Energy Production and Conversion system

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhang, Dalin Li, Xinyu Jiang, Dianqiang Zhou, Xingguang Lv, Xindi Yun, Shichang Wu, Wenqiang He, Xuanang Li, Haoyang Min, Xin Chen, Kailong Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, G.H. Zhao, Quanbin Fu, Yao Tang, Chuntao Zhuo, Wenbin Li, Jinggang Zuo, Jiaxu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai201800 China Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research & Design Institute CO. LTD. Shanghai200233 China CNNC Key Laboratory on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics Technology Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu610213 China China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Guangdong Shenzhen518000 China Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center Ministry of Ecology and Environment People's Republic of China Beijing100082 China

Based on the analysis of energy structure and the development trends of advanced nuclear energy technology, combining the complementary advantages of nuclear energy and other energy sources in China, the Fluoride-salt-cooled High-temperature reactor(FuSTAR) system has been proposed. FuSTAR system is designed to address production capacity issues in areas with energy shortages or resource concentration and can be combined with high-temperature process heat to achieve high-value-added processes such as hydrogen production. In this paper, the Tri-structural isotropic fuel combined with helical cruciform elements has been studied in detail on the neutron physics and thermal-hydraulic properties, and the flow and heat transfer experiment is carried out for the first time. The multilayer nonlinear programming method has been applied to the design of thermal transport systems. Then the optimal parameters and configuration of the thermoelectric conversion system are obtained by the superstructure optimization method. The inherent safety of FuSTAR is demonstrated through deterministic safety analysis. In addition, the iodine-sulfur cycle technology and the characteristics of tritium production are also analyzed. This study highlights the significant potential of integrating nuclear energy with other energy sources in an optimized energy-production system. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nonlinear programming

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Flexible Strain Sensors Fabricated by Fused Deposition Modeling-Based Multimaterial 3D Printing with Conductive Polyurethane Composites*

Flexible Strain Sensors Fabricated by Fused Deposition Model...

引用

International Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice (M2VIP)

作者： Xiaodan Yang Huilin Ren Chenchen Wu Yi Xiong Qi Ge Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665431545

Flexible strain sensors have attracted much attention due to their excellent stretchability, conformability and ability to measure large deformations. These sensors have found a wide range of applications, including health tracking, human-machine interaction, and human motion monitoring. However, current mass-production methods do not support the small-batch customization of flexible strain sensors, and the additional mounting step reduces the structural integrity. This paper presents a widely accessible approach for the rapid fabrication of flexible strain sensors that are directly printed onto objects in an on-demand and reliable manner by exploring the multimaterial fused deposition modeling techniques and optimizing the composition of functional filaments. Furthermore, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are demonstrated in the development of customized, flexible strain sensors that have complex sensing patterns and geometries.

关键词： Geometry Solid modeling Tracking Three-dimensional printing Strain measurement Capacitive sensors Sensors

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A review and correlations for two phase flow heat transfer in helically coiled tubes 27

A review and correlations for two phase flow heat transfer i...

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27th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering: Nuclear Power Saves the World!, ICONE 2019

作者： Ma, Haifu Xu, Tao Li, Peiying Gou, Junli Yuan, Hongsheng Chen, Wei Wu, Yirui Zhong, Mingjun Gao, Yingxian Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu China School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9784888983051

Helically coiled heat exchangers have been widely applied in many power conversion systems for their advantages, such as compactness and high efficiency in heat transfer. Reliable heat transfer models are required to analyze the thermal hydraulic characteristics of the once-through helically coiled tube steam generator. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the applicability of the existing heat transfer models. This paper review the experiments for heat transfer in helically coiled tubes in the case of two-phase flow, and summarize and screening corresponding experimental data and correlation. Then, this article compared these correlations to the existing available experimental data to evaluate the applicability of these correlations. Most of the correlations for two phase heat transfer were also valid within the parameter range of pressure, mass flux and heat flux. Results indicate that the currently existing correlation could not accurately match the experiment date. And the Steiner-Taborek correlation was recommended even though the 70% experiment date within the 20% deviation of predicted. Therefore the steam-water two phase flow need to further study to conclude a more suitable correlation in the further. Copyright © 2018-2019 by JSME

关键词： Two phase flow

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