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BEACH-Domain Proteins Act Together in a Cascade to Mediate Vacuolar Protein Trafficking and Disease Resistance in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2015年第3期8卷 389-398页

作者： Ooi-kock Teh Noriyuki Hatsugai Kentaro Tamura Kentaro Fuji Ryo Tabata Katsushi Yamaguch Shuji Shingenobu Masashi Yamada Mitsuyasu Hasebe Shinichiro Sawa Tomoo Shimada Ikuko Hara-Nishimura Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Research Centre for Cooperative Projects Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8638 Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan Functional Genomics Facility National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki 444-8585 Japan Department of Biology and IGSP Center for Systems Biology Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA Division of Evolutionary Biology National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki 444-8585 Japan School of Life Science The Graduate University for Advanced Studies Okazaki 444-8585 Japan Present address: Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics Uppsala BioCenter Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) and Linnean Centre ofPlant Biology Uppsala SE-75007 Sweden present address: Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute University of Minnesota St Paul MN 55108 USA Present address: RIKEN Innovation Center RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan

Membrane trafficking to the protein storage vacuole （PSV） is a specialized process in seed plants. However, this trafficking mechanism to PSV is poorly understood. Here, we show that three types of Beige and Chediak-Higashi （BEACH）-domain proteins contribute to both vacuolar protein transport and effector- triggered immunity （ETI）. We screened a green fluorescent seed （GFS） library of Arabidopsis mutants with defects in vesicle trafficking and isolated two allelic mutants gfs3 and gfs12 with a defect in seed pro- tein transport to PSV. The gene responsible for the mutant phenotype was found to encode a putative pro- tein belonging to group D of BEACH-domain proteins, which possess kinase domains. Disruption of other BEACH-encoding loci in the gfs12 mutant showed that BEACH homologs acted in a cascading manner for PSV trafficking. The epistatic genetic interactions observed among BEACH homologs were also found in the ETI responses of the gfs12 and gfs12 bchb-1 mutants, which showed elevated avirulent bacterial growth. The GFS12 kinase domain interacted specifically with the pleckstrin homology domain of BchCl. These results suggest that a cascade of multiple BEACH-domain proteins contributes to vacuolar protein transport and plant defense.

关键词： BEACH-domain protein Arabidopsis thaliana vacuolar protein transport protein storage vacuoles,plant immunity

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A science of System Security

A Science of System Security

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IEEE Annual Conference on Decision and Control

作者： Ann Cox Sandip Roy Sean Warnick Cyber Security Division Homeland Security Advanced Research Projects Agency (HSARPA) Science and Technology Directorate US Department of Homeland Security School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Washington State University Computer Science Department of Brigham Young University

ISBN: (纸本)9781467360890

As the internet becomes the information-technology backbone for more and more operations, including critical infrastructures such as water and power systems, the security problems introduced by linking such operations to the internet become more of a concern. Various communities have considered these problems and approached solutions from a variety of perspectives. In this paper, we consider the contributions we believe control theory can make towards developing tools for analyzing whole system security, that is, security of a system that may include its physical and human elements as well as its cyber components. In particular, we contrast notions of security focused on protecting information, and thus concerned primarily with delivering the right information to the right people (and no one else), with a different perspective on system security focused on protecting system functionality, which is concerned primarily with system robustness to particular attacks (and may not be concerned with privacy of communications).

关键词： Communities Computer security US Government Computers Computational modeling Robustness

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Variable Z0 applied to the optimal design of multi-stub matching network and a meander monopole

Variable Z0 applied to the optimal design of multi-stub matc...

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作者： Dib, Nihad Sharaqa, Ashraf Formato, Richard A. Electrical Engineering Department Jordan University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 3030 Irbid22110 Jordan Communication and Security Projects Division WorleyParsons Arabia Ltd. P. O. Box 31699 Al-Khobar31952 Saudi Arabia Consulting Engineer and Patent Attorney P.O. Box 1714 HarwichMA02645 United States

Variable Z0, a new concept in antenna design and optimization, is applied to two optimization problems: a multi-stub matching network (MSMN) using biogeography-based optimization (BBO), and an ultra wideband meander monopole antenna (MMA) using central force optimization (CFO). BBO is a newly-proposed stochastic global search and optimization evolutionary algorithm (EA) used to determine MSMN stub lengths and locations for optimum (minimum) reflection coefficient. CFO is a deterministic EA used to optimize the MMA's impedance bandwidth (IBW) while maintaining good average gain without considering the radiation pattern in detail. Two cases are investigated for both problems: (a) fixed characteristic impedance Z0, and (b) variable characteristic impedance. In the first case, Z0 is a fixed user-specified parameter (the traditional methodology), whereas in the second, it is a true variable quantity whose value is determined by the optimization methodology, which is a new technology. Variable Z0 is a fundamentally different design approach in optimization problems. BBO's fixed Z0 results for MSMN are compared to published data computed using Nelder-Mead optimization with BBO exhibiting better performance. BBO's results are improved even more using Variable Z0 technology. A similar performance improvement is seen for Variable Z0 applied to the CFO-optimized MMA. © 2013 Cambridge University Press and the European Microwave Association.

关键词： Monopole antennas

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Proceedings from the 9th annual conference on the science of dissemination and implementation: Washington, DC, USA. 14-15 December 2016

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Implement Sci 2017年第SUPPL 1期12卷 48-48页

作者： David Chambers Lisa Simpson Gila Neta Ulrica von Thiele Schwarz Antoinette Percy-Laurry Gregory A. Aarons Ross Brownson Amanda Vogel Shannon Wiltsey Stirman Kenneth Sherr Rachel Sturke Wynne E. Norton Allyson Varley Cynthia Vinson Lisa Klesges Suzanne Heurtin-Roberts M. Rashad Massoud Leighann Kimble Arne Beck Claire Neely Jennifer Boggs Carmel Nichols Wen Wan Erin Staab Neda Laiteerapong Nathalie Moise Ravi Shah Susan Essock Margaret Handley Amy Jones Jay Carruthers Karina Davidson Lauren Peccoralo Lloyd Sederer Todd Molfenter Ashley Scudder Sarah Taber-Thomas Kristen Schaffner Amy Herschell Eva Woodward Jeffery Pitcock Mona Ritchie JoAnn Kirchner Julia E. Moore Sobia Khan Shusmita Rashid Jamie Park Melissa Courvoisier Sharon Straus Daniel Blonigen Allison Rodriguez Luisa Manfredi Andrea Nevedal Joel Rosenthal David Smelson Christine Timko Nicole Stadnick Jennifer Regan Miya Barnett Anna Lau Lauren Brookman-Frazee Erick Guerrero Karissa Fenwick Yinfei Kong Gregory Aarons Rebecca Lengnick-Hall Benjamin Henwood Nina Sayer Craig Rosen Robert Orazem Brandy Smith Lindsey Zimmerman David Lounsbury Rachel Kimerling Jodie A. Trafton Steven Lindley Rahul Bhargava Hal Roberts Laura Gibson Gabriel J. Escobar Vincent Liu Benjamin Turk Arona Ragins Patricia Kipnis Ashley Ketterer Gruszkowski Michael W. Kennedy Emily Rentschler Drobek Lior Turgeman Aleksandra Sasha Milicevic Terrence L. Hubert Larissa Myaskovsky Youxu C. Tjader Robert J. Monte Kathryn G. Sapnas Edmond Ramly Diane R Lauver Christie M Bartels Shereef Elnahal Andrea Ippolito Hillary Peabody Carolyn Clancy Randall Cebul Thomas Love Douglas Einstadter Shari Bolen Brook Watts Vera Yakovchenko Angela Park William Lukesh Donald R. Miller David Thornton Mari-Lynn Drainoni Allen L. Gifford Shawna Smith Julia Kyle Mark S Bauer Daniel Eisenberg Celeste Liebrecht Michelle Barbaresso Amy Kilbourne Elyse Park Giselle Perez Jamie Ostroff Sarah Greene Michael Parchman Brian Austin Eric Larson Stefanie Ferreri Chris Shea Megan Smith Kea Turner Jennifer Bacci Kyle Bigham Geoffr Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences National Cancer Institute Rockville MD 20850 USA AcademyHealth Washington DC 20009 USA Department of Learning Informatics Management and Ethics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm 17177 Sweden Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego San Diego CA 92093 USA George Warren Brown School of Social Work Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO 63130 USA Center for Global Health National Cancer Institute Rockville MD 20850 USA Dissemination and Training Division VA National Center for PTSD Palo Alto CA 94305 USA Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA 98105 USA Center for Global Health Studies Fogarty International Center National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20912 USA School of Public Health University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35243 USA School of Public Health University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA USAID Applying Science to Strengthen and Improve Systems (ASSIST) Project Bethesda Maryland 20814 USA Institute for Health Research Kaiser Permanente Denver CO 80231 USA ICSI Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement Bloomington MN 55425 USA Medicine University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA Medicine Columbia University Medical Center New York NY 10032 USA Psychiatry Columbia University New York NY 10032 USA General Internal Medicine Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94110 USA New York State Office of Mental Health New York NY 10001 USA Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY 10029 USA Center for Health Enhancement System Studies University of Wisconsin Madison WI 53706 USA Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Psychology University at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14260 USA Department of Psychology West Virginia University Morgantown WV 26506 USA MIRECC VA North Little Rock AR 72114 USA QUERI for Team-Based Behavioral Health Centr

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The THESEUS space mission concept: science case, design and expected performances

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Amati, L. O'Brien, P. Götz, D. Bozzo, E. Tenzer, C. Frontera, F. Ghirlanda, G. Labanti, C. Osborne, J.P. Stratta, G. Tanvir, N. Willingale, R. Attina, P. Campana, R. Castro-Tirado, A.J. Contini, C. Fuschino, F. Gomboc, A. Hudec, R. Orleanski, P. Renotte, E. Rodic, T. Bagoly, Z. Blain, A. Callanan, P. Covino, S. Ferrara, A. Le Floch, E. Marisaldi, M. Mereghetti, S. Rosati, P. Vacchi, A. D'Avanzo, P. Giommi, P. Piranomonte, S. Piro, L. Reglero, V. Rossi, A. Santangelo, A. Salvaterra, R. Tagliaferri, G. Vergani, S. Vinciguerra, S. Briggs, M. Campolongo, E. Ciolfi, R. Connaughton, V. Cordier, B. Morelli, B. Orlandini, M. Adami, C. Argan, A. Atteia, J.-L. Auricchio, N. Balazs, L. Baldazzi, G. Basa, S. Basak, R. Bellutti, P. Bernardini, M.G. Bertuccio, G. Braga, J. Branchesi, M. Brandt, S. Brocato, E. Budtz-Jorgensen, C. Bulgarelli, A. Burderi, L. Camp, J. Capozziello, S. Caruana, J. Casella, P. Cenko, B. Chardonnet, P. Ciardi, B. Colafrancesco, S. Dainotti, M.G. D'Elia, V. De Martino, D. De Pasquale, M. Del Monte, E. Della Valle, M. Drago, A. Evangelista, Y. Feroci, M. Finelli, F. Fiorini, M. Fynbo, J. Gal-Yam, A. Gendre, B. Ghisellini, G. Grado, A. Guidorzi, C. Hafizi, M. Hanlon, L. Hjorth, J. Izzo, L. Kiss, L. Kumar, P. Kuvvetli, I. Lavagna, M. Li, T. Longo, F. Lyutikov, M. Maio, U. Maiorano, E. Malcovati, P. Malesani, D. Margutti, R. Martin-Carrillo, A. Masetti, N. McBreen, S. Mignani, R. Morgante, G. Mundell, C. Nargaard-Nielsen, H.U. Nicastro, L. Palazzi, E. Paltani, S. Panessa, F. Pareschi, G. Pe'er, A. Penacchioni, A.V. Pian, E. Piedipalumbo, E. Piran, T. Rauw, G. Razzano, M. Read, A. Rezzolla, L. Romano, P. Ruffini, R. Savaglio, S. Sguera, V. Schady, P. Skidmore, W. Song, L. Stanway, E. Starling, R. Topinka, M. Troja, E. Van Putten, M. Vanzella, E. Vercellone, S. Wilson-Hodge, C. Yonetoku, D. Zampa, G. Zampa, N. Zhang, B. Zhang, B.B. Zhang, S. Zhang, S.-N. Antonelli, A. Bianco, F. Boci, S. Aix-Marseille Univ. CNRS LAM Laboratoire dAstrophysique de Marseille Marseille13388 France INAF-IASF Bologna via P. Gobetti 101 BolognaI-40129 Italy ASDC Via del Politecnico snc Rome00133 Italy INAF-IAPS-Roma via Fosso del Cavaliere 100 Rome00133 Italy IRAP Université de Toulouse CNRS UPS CNES Toulouse France GP Advanced Projects Italy INAF-IASF Bologna via P. Gobetti 101. BolognaI-40129 Italy Eötvös University Budapest Hungary MTA CSFK Konkoly Observatory Konkoly-Thege M. út 13-17 Budapest1121 Hungary INFN - Sezione di Bologna Viale Berti Pichat 6/2 BolognaI-40127 Italy Department of Physics University of Bologna Viale Berti Pichat 6/2 BolognaI-40127 Italy 23807 Italy Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics AlbaNova StockholmSE-106 91 Sweden Department of Physics KTH Royal Institute of Technology AlbaNova University Center StockholmSE-106 91 Sweden FBK via Sommarive 18 Povo Trento38123 Italy I-23807 Italy Politecnico di Milano Via Anzani 42 ComoI-22100 Italy INFN Milano Via Celoria 16 MilanoI-20133 Italy Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics New York University 4 Washington Place New YorkNY10003 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Leicester LeicesterLE1 7RH United Kingdom Department of Physics University of Tirana Tirana Albania ARTEMIS CNRS UMR 5270 Université Côte d'Azur Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur boulevard de l'Observatoire CS 34229 Nice Cedex 04F-06304 France INAF - Capodimonte Astronomical observatory Naples Via Moiariello 16 NaplesI-80131 Italy Department of Astronomy University of Geneva ch. d'Écogia 16 VersoixCH-1290 Switzerland IRFU/Département d'Astrophysique CEA Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-YvetteF-91191 France INPE Av. dos Astronautas 1758 S.J.Campos-SP12227-010 Brazil Universit degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo via A. Saffi 2 Urbino61029 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze via G. Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy DTU Space - National Space I

THESEUS is a space mission concept aimed at exploiting Gamma-Ray Bursts for investigating the early Universe and at providing a substantial advancement of multi-messenger and time-domain astrophysics. These goals will be achieved through a unique combination of instruments allowing GRB and X-ray transient detection over a broad field of view (more than 1sr) with 0.5-1 arcmin localization, an energy band extending from several MeV down to 0.3 keV and high sensitivity to transient sources in the soft X-ray domain, as well as on-board prompt (few minutes) followup with a 0.7 m class IR telescope with both imaging and spectroscopic capabilities. THESEUS will be perfectly suited for addressing the main open issues in cosmology such as, e.g., star formation rate and metallicity evolution of the inter-stellar and intra-galactic medium up to redshift ∼10, signatures of Pop III stars, sources and physics of reionization, and the faint end of the galaxy luminosity function. In addition, it will provide unprecedented capability to monitor the X-ray variable sky, thus detecting, localizing, and identifying the electromagnetic counterparts to sources of gravitational radiation, which may be routinely detected in the late '20s / early '30s by next generation facilities like aLIGO/aVirgo, eLISA, KAGRA, and Einstein Telescope. THESEUS will also provide powerful synergies with the next generation of multi-wavelength observatories (e.g., LSST, ELT, SKA, CTA, ATHENA). Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stars

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Isolation of living circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from peripheral blood using size-based device and its application to CTC biology in mice

Isolation of living circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from peri...

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International Symposium on Micromechatronics and Human science (MHS)

作者： Akiko Yusa Yumi Matsumoto Kayoko Terazawa Taisuke Masuda Fumihito Arai Hayao Nakanishi Priority Research Projects Aichi Science & Technology Foundation Yakusa Toyota Aichi Japan Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya Aichi Japan Division of Oncological Pathology Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute Chikusa Nagoya Aichi Japan

Recently, the number of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in peripheral blood from tumor patients have been recognized as an important biomarker for patient prognosis, especially in breast and prostate cancer. Although CTC has potential as a “liquid biopsy,” it is too small in number to apply for proteomics and genetic analysis. Several devices are currently provided, but are still insufficient. Therefore, we propose a new device for separating the CTC more quickly and easily by using a metal filter consisting of a myriad of precisely electroformed holes. Additionally, a CTC mouse model was useful both to evaluate the accuracy of CTC detection as a preclinical study and to understand the fundamental role of CTC in metastasis.

关键词： Mice Tumors Blood Metastasis Band-pass filters

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Variable Z0 applied to the optimal design of multi-stub matching network and a meander monopole

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International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 2013年第5期6卷 505-514页

作者： Nihad Dib Ashraf Sharaqa Richard A. Formato Electrical Engineering Department Jordan University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 3030 Irbid 22110 Jordan Communication and Security Projects Division WorleyParsons Arabia Ltd. P. O. Box 31699 Al-Khobar 31952 Saudi Arabia Consulting Engineer and Patent Attorney P.O. Box 1714 Harwich MA 02645 USA

Variable Z0, a new concept in antenna design and optimization, is applied to two optimization problems: a multi-stub matching network (MSMN) using biogeography-based optimization (BBO), and an ultra wideband meander monopole antenna (MMA) using central force optimization (CFO). BBO is a newly-proposed stochastic global search and optimization evolutionary algorithm (EA) used to determine MSMN stub lengths and locations for optimum (minimum) reflection coefficient. CFO is a deterministic EA used to optimize the MMA's impedance bandwidth (IBW) while maintaining good average gain without considering the radiation pattern in detail. Two cases are investigated for both problems: (a) fixed characteristic impedance Z0, and (b) variable characteristic impedance. In the first case, Z0 is a fixed user-specified parameter (the traditional methodology), whereas in the second, it is a true variable quantity whose value is determined by the optimization methodology, which is a new technology. Variable Z0 is a fundamentally different design approach in optimization problems. BBO's fixed Z0 results for MSMN are compared to published data computed using Nelder–Mead optimization with BBO exhibiting better performance. BBO's results are improved even more using Variable Z0 technology. A similar performance improvement is seen for Variable Z0 applied to the CFO-optimized MMA.

关键词： Variable Z0 Matching networks Monopole antenna Optimization Biogeography-based optimization Central force optimization

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2006 Bernard M. Gordon Prize Lecture*: The Learning Factory: Industry-Partnered Active Learning

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Journal of Engineering Education 2013年第1期97卷

作者： John S. Lamancusa Jose L. Zayas Allen L. Soyster Lueny Morell Jens Jorgensen Department of Mechanical Engineering Pennsylvania State University Department of Industrial Engineering University of South Florida Jose Zayas-Castro earned his B.S. in Industrial Engineering from the University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez (UPRM) and his M.S. in Industrial and Management Engineering M.B.A. and Ph.D. in Management from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He is currently professor and chair of the Department of Industrial Management Systems Engineering at the University of South Florida (USF). Previously he held teaching and leadership positions at the University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez and University of Missouri-Columbia. Dr. Zayas-Castro is a Fellow Award of the Institute of Industrial Engineers (IIE). Engineering Education and Centers Division National Science Foundation University Relations Hewlett Packard Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Washington Jens E. Jorgensen now professor emeritus of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Washington was director of the Learning Factory there until his retirement in 2000. He was the Boeing Professor of Manufacturing and has several patents. Professor Jorgensen's research has been focused on system dynamics controls and instrumentation related to automated assembly and manufacturing processes. Professor Jorgensen earned his B.S. M.S. and Sc.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Lueny Morell is director of university relations for Latin America for Hewlett Packard (HP) Company. She is responsible for developing and strengthening HP's ties to a select number of institutions in Latin America. She is involved in curriculum development advising industry facilitating accreditation initiatives supporting student and faculty research and philanthropic projects. Before joining HP in 2002 Professor Morell had a distinguished 24-year career at the University of Puerto Rico where she held various positions both at the Mayaguez Campus (UPRM) and the system level. She is a licensed professional e

On February 21, 2006, the National Academy of Engineering recognized the achievements of the Learning Factory with the Bernard M. Gordon Prize for Innovation in Engineering and technology Education. The co-founders were commended “for creating the Learning Factory, where multidisciplinary student teams develop engineering leadership skills by working with industry to solve real-world problems.” This paper describes the origins, motivation, philosophy, and implementation of the Learning Factory. The specific innovations of the Learning Factory partnership were: active learning facilities, called Learning Factories, that provide experiential reinforcement of engineering science, and a realization of its limitations; strong collaborations with industry through advisory boards, engineers in the classroom, and industry-sponsored capstone design projects; practice-based engineering courses integrating analytical and theoretical knowledge with manufacturing, design, business concepts, and professional skills; and dissemination to other academic institutions (domestic and international), government and industry.

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Pharmaceuticals as markers of sewage pollution in groundwater in Tokyo

Pharmaceuticals as markers of sewage pollution in groundwate...

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Water Quality technology Conference and Exposition 2009

作者： Kuroda, Keisuke Fukushi, Tetsuo Murakami, Michio Oguma, Kumiko Takada, Hideshige Takizawa, Satoshi Department of Urban Engineering Graduate School of Engineering University of Tokyo Japan Water Supply Division Yokohama Waterworks Bureau Yokohama City Office Japan Corporate Sponsored Research Program Organization for Interdisciplinary Research Projects University of Tokyo Japan Institute of Symbiotic Science and Technology Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Japan

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Improving service management in campus IT operations

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Campus-Wide Information Systems 2008年第1期25卷 30-49页

作者： Wan, Stewart H.C. Chan, Yuk-Hee Projects and Facilities Division Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks Corporation Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Electronics and Information Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Hong Kong

Purpose - This paper aims at presenting the benefits from implementing IT service management (ITSM) in an organization for managing campus-wide IT operations. In order to improve the fault correlation from business perspectives, we proposed a framework to automate network and system alerts with respect to its business service impact for proactive notification to IT operations management. Design/methodology/approach - The authors first evaluate the effect of IT service management (ITSM) tools in practical adoption followed by experience sharing in developing management process modules in service outsourcing model. Three years of quantitative analysis using real operational data were used to present the effect on ITSM tools adoption. A framework was developed from the study of literatures in service management, incident prioritization, and business continuity planning. For the proposed framework, it consists of a hybrid case-based and rule-based reasoning module and a new approach which utilizing business continuity planning for service-resource mapping with business criticality and user activities. Findings - For the past decade in the IT industry, a paradigm shift in managing IT could be observed. People are concerned more in managing IT services instead of traditional device-oriented IT system or network components. With the term "business-driven IT services," it has raised new challenges in the area of IT service management, especially with respect to the management of service level agreement with service provider and the management of system and network faults. Research limitations/implications - Further work should be carried out on the aspect of using real data for the framework as motivated by the limitations of the present study. Practical real data could help the reader to experience its quantitative benefits. Practical implications - This paper highlights the value of effective IT service management, placing particular emphasis on service outsourcing consid

关键词： Business continuity Communication technologies Hong Kong Outsourcing Universities

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