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Preventing 51% Attack by Using Consecutive Block Limits in Bitcoin

IEEE Access 2024年 12卷 77852-77869页

作者： Mahmood Babur, Sohail Ur Rehman Khan, Shafiq Yang, Jing Chen, Yen-Lin Soon Ku, Chin Yee Por, Lip Government Murray College Department of Information Technology Sialkot51010 Pakistan Capital University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science Islamabad44730 Pakistan Universiti Malaya Department of Computer System and Technology Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia National Taipei University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taipei106344 Taiwan Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Department of Computer Science Kampar31900 Malaysia

In permissionless blockchain systems, Proof of Work (PoW) is utilized to address the issues of double-spending and transaction starvation. When an attacker acquires more than 50% of the hash power of the entire network, they gain the ability to engage in double-spending activities, posing a significant threat to the PoW consensus algorithm. This research focuses on the consensus algorithm employed in the Bitcoin system, explaining how it operates and the security challenges it faces. The proposed modification to the PoW algorithm imposes a restriction on miners: they are not allowed to accept consecutive blocks from the same miner into the final local blockchain to prevent the 51% attack problem. This modification supports transactions that require six confirmations. In the event an attacker attempts a 51% attack with a private chain that consists of fewer than 6 blocks, it becomes easier to detect a double-spending attack before accepting the attacker's private chain. The modified algorithm introduces a 'Safe Mode Detection Algorithm' that scrutinizes incoming blocks for adjustments at the top of the local blockchain. If inconsistencies are identified, the consensus algorithm proceeds cautiously by comparing the UTXO dictionaries from the attacker's chain with those from the miner's own blockchain. This meticulous comparison aims to detect instances of double-spending. If such instances are detected, the miner rejects the attacker's chain, establishing a double-spend-free environment and thwarting 51% attacks. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Blockchain

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Towards Stricter Black-box Integrity Verification of Deep Neural Network Models 24

Towards Stricter Black-box Integrity Verification of Deep Ne...

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32nd ACM International Conference on Multimedia, MM 2024

作者： He, Chaoxiang Bai, Xiaofan Ma, Xiaojing Zhu, Bin B. Hu, Pingyi Fu, Jiayun Jin, Hai Zhang, Dongmei Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Wuhan China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Microsoft Corporation Beijing China National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology China National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706868

Cloud-based machine learning services offer significant advantages but also introduce the risk of tampering with cloud-deployed deep neural network (DNN) models. Black-box integrity verification (BIV) allows model owners and end-users to determine if a cloud-deployed DNN model has been tampered with by examining only the top-1 label responses. Fingerprinting generates fingerprint samples to query the model, achieving BIV with no impact on the model's accuracy. In this paper, we present BIVBench, the first comprehensive benchmark for BIV of DNN models. BIVBench covers 16 types of model modifications, providing extensive coverage of practical modification scenarios. Our analysis reveals that existing fingerprinting methods, which are typically focused on significant tampering, lack the sensitivity needed to effectively detect subtle yet common and potentially severe modifications. To address this limitation, we propose MiSentry (Model Integrity Sentry), a novel fingerprinting method that leverages meta-learning. MiSentry strategically incorporates a few subtly modified models into the meta-learning model zoo and maximizes the divergence of output predictions between the target model and the modified models in the model zoo to generate highly sensitive, generalizable, and effective fingerprint samples. Extensive evaluations using BIVBench demonstrate that MiSentry outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods overall and significantly surpasses them in detecting subtle modifications. The BIVBench and supplementary materials are available at: https://***/CGCL-codes/BIVBench. © 2024 ACM.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Integrated design and performance optimization of three-electrode sliding discharge plasma power supply

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Plasma science and technology 2024年第11期26卷 152-161页

作者： Borui ZHENG Linwu WANG Jianbo ZHANG Shaojie QI Yuhong CHEN Haodong LIU Dongliang BIAN School of Automation and Information Engineering Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710048People’s Republic of China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Complex System Control and Intelligent Information Processing Xi’an 710048People’s Republic of China School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710048People’s Republic of China Science and Technology on Plasma Dynamics Laboratory Air Force Engineering UniversityXi’an 710038People’s Republic of China

The three-electrode sliding dielectric barrier discharge(TES-DBD) plasma actuator significantly enhances the ionization rate and momentum exchange between charged particles and neutral particles by incorporating a parallel DC electrode into the standard DBD design. This design improves the body force and induced jet velocity while allowing flexible control of the induced jet angle, overcoming the limitations of discharge extension and uncontrollable direction in traditional DBD plasma actuators. An integrated plasma power supply has been designed specifically for TES-DBD plasma actuators, streamlining the power supply management. The methodology involves designing the circuit topology for the TES-DBD power supply, followed by simulating and validating its operating principles using Multisim software. The operational performance of the power supply is evaluated through a comprehensive analysis of its electrical,thermal, and aerodynamic properties specific to TES-DBD plasma actuation.

关键词： plasma flow control dielectric barrier discharge three-electrode sliding discharge plasma power supply

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Light demand characteristics,production performance,and changes in the feeding patterns of broilers

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological engineering 2024年第2期17卷 68-73页

作者： Shouyi Wang Guoping Jiang Chenghao Pan Thebano Santos Yasser Elhadidi Ahmed Jado Shufang Jin Jinming Pan College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Infinova(Hangzhou)Information System Technology Co. Ltd.Hangzhou 310012China Center of Information Technology"Renato Archer"(CIT) Ministry of ScienceTechnologyInnovation and CommunicationCEP:13069-901 Campinas(SP)Brazil Department of Agricultural Engineering Mansoura UniversityMansoura 35516Egypt

Poultry is a light-sensitive animal and the light environment has an important influence on the growth and development of these *** studies have mainly focused on the effects of the light environment on various physiological indicators of poultry but seldom explored the light demand characteristics of broilers under free *** experiment mainly studied the light demand characteristics of broilers under a yellow LED light environment and the influence of different breeding densities[low-density(2.5 broilers/m^(2)),high-density(7.5 broilers/m^(2))]on the production performance and diet characteristics of *** showed that the production performance indexes of low-density groups are higher than those of high-density *** feed and water consumption in the light area of the two experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the dark area,which means that the broilers showed a great preference for the light ***,as the age of the broilers increased,the food and water consumption of the broilers decreased,indicating that broilers had a lower preference for light in the middle and late stages of *** statistical results for the residence frequency distribution characteristics showed that broiler chickens had different light requirements at different growth stages under the condition of active selection:1)low-density breeding environment:23.8L(light):0.2D(dark)for chicks and 22.3L:1.7D for adult broilers;2)high-density breeding environment:22.6L:1.4D for chicks and 15.0L:9.0D for adult *** study will provide a reference for the optimization and control of light environment in broiler breeding.

关键词： broiler light-demand characteristics production performance feeding pattern

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Spatiotemporal evolution laws of sector-shaped dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma actuator

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Plasma science and technology 2024年第10期26卷 108-115页

作者： Borui ZHENG Jianbo ZHANG Shaojie QI Jianghua XU Yiche LI Yuanzhong JIN Dongliang BIAN School of Automation and Information Engineering Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710048People’s Republic of China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Complex System Control and Intelligent Information Processing Xi’an 710048People’s Republic of China School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710048People’s Republic of China Science and Technology on Plasma Dynamics Laboratory Air Force Engineering UniversityXi’an 710038People’s Republic of China

Dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)plasma actuators are widely used in active flow control due to their simple design and rapid ***,they need more effectiveness and discharge *** overcome these limitations,a sector-shaped dielectric barrier discharge(SS-DBD)plasma actuator with an adjustable jet angle was developed to enhance flow control *** flow field dynamics induced by the SS-DBD plasma actuator were quantitatively analyzed using particle image velocimetry(PIV).Experimental investigations showed that precise adjustments to the actuation voltage can modulate the maximum velocity of the induced ***,a quasi-linear relationship between the sector-shaped angles of the SS-DBD and the deflected jet angles was established,indicating that changes in the sector-shaped angles directly influence the direction of the deflected *** correlation enables precise control over jet angles,significantly enhancing flow control by adjusting the SS-DBD-PA's sector-shaped angle.

关键词： plasma flow control plasma actuator particle image velocimetry

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TIGA: Towards Efficient Near Data Processing in SmartNICs-based Disaggregated Memory systems 24

TIGA: Towards Efficient Near Data Processing in SmartNICs-ba...

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61st ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference, DAC 2024

作者： Duan, Zhuohui Yu, Zelin Liu, Haikun Liao, Xiaofei Jin, Hai Zheng, Shijie Wu, Sihan National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706011

Memory disaggregation, facilitated by Smart Network Interface Cards (SmartNICs), has emerged as a cost-effective approach for sharing memory resources in data centers. However, current SoC-based SmartNICs face several challenges for supporting near-data processing (NDP) in disaggregated memory (DM) systems effectively, such as inefficient resource allocation for SmartNICs employed in NDP, and the lack of collaboration between SmartNICs on data nodes and CPUs on compute nodes. To address these issues, we propose TIGA, an efficient NDP framework for SmartNICs-based disaggregated memory systems. We propose an adaptive resource allocator to fully utilize the SoC cores among NDP engines automatically, and a SmartNIC-CPU cooperative computing mechanism to schedule NDP tasks among CPUs and SmartNICs. We prototype TIGA with FPGAs and evaluate it with several typical workloads. Experimental results show that TIGA significantly improves the efficiency of NDP tasks in DM systems compared with state-of-the-art SmartNIC-based co-processing schemes. © 2024 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Storage allocation (computer)

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Enhancing thermoelectric performance of p-type SnTe through manipulating energy band structures and decreasing electronic thermal conductivity

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Rare Metals 2024年第7期43卷 3232-3241页

作者： Xin Qian Hao-Ran Guo Jia-Xin Lyu Bang-Fu Ding Xing-Yuan San Xiao Zhang Jiang-Long Wang Shu-Fang Wang Hebei Key Lab of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials College of Physics Science and TechnologyHebei UniversityBaoding 071002China College of Electron and Information Engineering Hebei UniversityBaoding 071002China Research Institute for Frontier Science Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China

SnTe has received considerable attention as an environmentally friendly alternative to the representative thermoelectric material of ***,excessive hole carrier concentration in SnTe results in an extremely low Seebeck coefficient and high thermal conductivity,which makes it exhibit relatively inferior thermoelectric *** this work,the thermoelectric performance of p-type SnTe is enhanced through regulating its energy band structures and reducing its electronic thermal conductivity by combining Bi doping with CdSe ***,the carrier concentration of SnTe is successfully suppressed via Bi doping,which significantly decreases the electronic thermal ***,the convergence and flattening of the valence bands by alloying CdSe effectively improves the effective mass of SnTe while restraining its carrier ***,a maximum figure of merit(ZT) of~ 0.87 at 823 K and an average ZT of~ 0.51 at 300-823 K have been achieved in Sn_(0.96)Bi_(0.04)Te-5%*** results indicate that decreasing the electronic thermal conductivity is an effective means of improving the performance of thermoelectric materials with a high carrier concentration.

关键词： Thermoelectric materials SnTe Energy band structure Electronic thermal conductivity ZT value

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Static Analysis Techniques for Fixing Software Defects in MPI-Based Parallel Programs

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 3139-3173页

作者： Norah Abdullah Al-Johany Sanaa Abdullah Sharaf Fathy Elbouraey Eassa Reem Abdulaziz Alnanih Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Software Engineering and Distributed System Research Group King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia

The Message Passing Interface (MPI) is a widely accepted standard for parallel computing on distributed ***, MPI implementations can contain defects that impact the reliability and performance of parallelapplications. Detecting and correcting these defects is crucial, yet there is a lack of published models specificallydesigned for correctingMPI defects. To address this, we propose a model for detecting and correcting MPI defects(DC_MPI), which aims to detect and correct defects in various types of MPI communication, including blockingpoint-to-point (BPTP), nonblocking point-to-point (NBPTP), and collective communication (CC). The defectsaddressed by the DC_MPI model include illegal MPI calls, deadlocks (DL), race conditions (RC), and messagemismatches (MM). To assess the effectiveness of the DC_MPI model, we performed experiments on a datasetconsisting of 40 MPI codes. The results indicate that the model achieved a detection rate of 37 out of 40 codes,resulting in an overall detection accuracy of 92.5%. Additionally, the execution duration of the DC_MPI modelranged from 0.81 to 1.36 s. These findings show that the DC_MPI model is useful in detecting and correctingdefects in MPI implementations, thereby enhancing the reliability and performance of parallel applications. TheDC_MPImodel fills an important research gap and provides a valuable tool for improving the quality ofMPI-basedparallel computing systems.

关键词： High-performance computing parallel computing software engineering software defect message passing interface deadlock

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MMM-RS: A Multi-modal, Multi-GSD, Multi-scene Remote Sensing Dataset and Benchmark for Text-to-Image Generation 38

MMM-RS: A Multi-modal, Multi-GSD, Multi-scene Remote Sensing...

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38th Conference on Neural information Processing systems, NeurIPS 2024

作者： Luo, Jialin Wang, Yuanzhi Gu, Ziqi Qiu, Yide Yao, Shuaizhen Wang, Fuyun Xu, Chunyan Zhang, Wenhua Wang, Dan Cui, Zhen PCA Lab Key Lab of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of Education School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering Beijing China

Recently, the diffusion-based generative paradigm has achieved impressive general image generation capabilities with text prompts due to its accurate distribution modeling and stable training process. However, generating diverse remote sensing (RS) images that are tremendously different from general images in terms of scale and perspective remains a formidable challenge due to the lack of a comprehensive remote sensing image generation dataset with various modalities, ground sample distances (GSD), and scenes. In this paper, we propose a Multi-modal, MultiGSD, Multi-scene Remote Sensing (MMM-RS) dataset and benchmark for text-to-image generation in diverse remote sensing scenarios. Specifically, we first collect nine publicly available RS datasets and conduct standardization for all samples. To bridge RS images to textual semantic information, we utilize a large-scale pretrained vision-language model to automatically output text prompts and perform hand-crafted rectification, resulting in information-rich text-image pairs (including multi-modal images). In particular, we design some methods to obtain the images with different GSD and various environments (e.g., low-light, foggy) in a single sample. With extensive manual screening and refining annotations, we ultimately obtain a MMM-RS dataset that comprises approximately 2.1 million text-image pairs. Extensive experimental results verify that our proposed MMM-RS dataset allows off-the-shelf diffusion models to generate diverse RS images across various modalities, scenes, weather conditions, and GSD. The dataset is available at https://***/ljl5261/MMM-RS. © 2024 Neural information processing systems foundation. All rights reserved.

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Prospects on mangrove knowledge services in the smart era:From plant atlas to knowledge graphs

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science China Earth sciences 2025年第1期68卷 111-127页

作者： Zhi-Wei HOU Wenlong JING Cheng-Zhi QIN Ji YANG Qing XIA Xiaoling YIN Key Laboratory of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and ApplicationGuangzhou Institute of GeographyGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510070China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou511458China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha410114China

Mangroves are crucial to the ecological security of the Earth and human *** management,conservation,and restoration are of great importance and necessitate the support of spatio-temporal information and multidisciplinary knowledge such as biology and *** knowledge services such as plant atlas provide illustrated textual knowledge of ***,this kind of service is oriented to information retrieval and is incapable of effectively mining and utilizing fragmented knowledge from multi-source heterogeneous data,facing the problem of“massive data,rare knowledge”.Knowledge graphs are capable of extracting,organizing,and fusing the knowledge contained in massive data into semantic networks that can be understood and computed by *** provide a solution for the realization of intelligent knowledge *** on the urgent need for mangrove knowledge acquisition,formal representation,and intelligent services,this paper proposes a research prospect on mangrove knowledge graphs and knowledge *** first analyze the similarities and differences between various domain-specific concepts of *** this basis,we define the mangrove knowledge graph as a large-scale knowledge base that integrates multi-disciplinary knowledge and spatio-temporal information with mangrove ecosystems as the ***,we propose a research framework for mangrove knowledge services that can realize the transformation from multi-modal data to intelligent knowledge services,including multiple research levels such as ubiquitous data sensing and aggregation,knowledge organization and graph construction,and intelligent mangrove knowledge ***,the methods and workflow for constructing mangrove knowledge graphs are ***,we discuss the challenges and possible future directions of mangrove knowledge services in the smart era,including the construction of a mangrove knowledge system that integrates the domain-specific charac

关键词： Mangrove Tupu Knowledge graph Multi-modal Knowledge service

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