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Water-Soluble Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecules (CORMs)

Topics in current chemistry (Cham) 2022年第1期381卷 3页

作者： Huma Khan Muhammad Faizan Salamat Ullah Khan Niazi Niaz Muhammad Weiqiang Zhang Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 China. Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 China. faizanattari@***. Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China. faizanattari@***. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China. faizanattari@***. School of Electronic Science and Information Technology Xian Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China. School of Biochemistry Minhaj University Lahore Lahore 54000 Pakistan. niazpk@***. Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 China. zwq@***.

Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) are promising candidates for producing carbon monoxide in the mammalian body for therapeutic purposes. At higher concentrations, CO has a harmful effect on the mammalian organism. However, lower doses at a controlled rate can provide cellular signaling for mandatory pharmacokinetic and pathological activities. To date, exploring the therapeutic implications of CO dose as a prodrug has attracted much attention due to its therapeutic significance. There are two different methods of CO insertion, i.e., indirect and direct exogenous insertion. Indirect exogenous insertion of CO suggests an advantage of reduced toxicity over direct exogenous insertion. For indirect exogenous insertion, researchers are facing the issue of tissue selectivity. To solve this issue, developers have considered the newly produced CORMs. Herein, metal carbonyl complexes (MCCs) are covalently linked with CO molecules to produce different CORMs such as CORM-1, CORM-2, and CORM-3, etc. All these CORMs required exogenous CO insertion to achieve the therapeutic targets at the optimized rate under peculiar conditions or/and triggering. Meanwhile, the metal residue was generated from i-CORMs, which can propagate toxicity. Herein, we explain CO administration, water-soluble CORMs, tissue accumulation, and cytotoxicity of depleted CORMs and the kinetic profile of CO release.

关键词： CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) Carbon monoxide (CO) Cellular targets Cytotoxicity Organometallic complexes Water-soluble CORMs

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Community evaluation of glycoproteomics informatics solutions reveals high-performance search strategies for serum glycopeptide analysis (vol 18, pg 1304, 2021)

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NATURE METHODS 2022年第1期19卷 130-130页

作者： Kawahara, Rebeca Chernykh, Anastasia Alagesan, Kathirvel Bern, Marshall Cao, Weiqian Chalkley, Robert J. Cheng, Kai Choo, Matthew S. Edwards, Nathan Goldman, Radoslav Hoffmann, Marcus Hu, Yingwei Huang, Yifan Kim, Jin Young Kletter, Doron Liquet, Benoit Liu, Mingqi Mechref, Yehia Meng, Bo Neelamegham, Sriram Nguyen-Khuong, Terry Nilsson, Jonas Pap, Adam Park, Gun Wook Parker, Benjamin L. Pegg, Cassandra L. Penninger, Josef M. Phung, Toan K. Pioch, Markus Rapp, Erdmann Sakalli, Enes Sanda, Miloslav Schulz, Benjamin L. Scott, Nichollas E. Sofronov, Georgy Stadlmann, Johannes Vakhrushev, Sergey Y. Woo, Christina M. Wu, Hung-Yi Yang, Pengyuan Ying, Wantao Zhang, Hui Zhang, Yong Zhao, Jingfu Zaia, Joseph Haslam, Stuart M. Palmisano, Giuseppe Yoo, Jong Shin Larson, Goran Khoo, Kai-Hooi Medzihradszky, Katalin F. Kolarich, Daniel Packer, Nicolle H. Thaysen-Andersen, Morten Department of Molecular Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia Institute for Glycomics Griffith University Gold Coast Campus Southport QLD Australia Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia Protein Metrics Inc. Cupertino CA USA Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and the NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research Fudan University Shanghai China UCSF School of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry San Francisco CA USA BRC Laboratory of Proteomics Research Szeged Hungary State University of New York Buffalo NY USA Analytics Group Bioprocessing Technology Institute Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore Singapore Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center (CTGRC) Georgetown University Washington DC USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology Georgetown University Washington DC USA Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC USA Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Bioprocess Engineering Magdeburg Germany glyXera GmbH Magdeburg Germany Department of Pathology The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA Research Center of Bioconvergence Analysis Korea Basic Science Institute Daejeon Republic of Korea Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea Department of Mathematics and Statistics Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia CNRS Laboratoire de Mathématiques et de leurs Applications de PAU E2S-UPPA Pau France State Key Laboratory of Proteomics Beijing Institute of Lifeomics Beijing Proteome Research Center National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) Beijing China Proteomics Core Facility Sahlgrenska academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden Doctoral School in Biology Faculty of Science and Informatics University of Szeged Szeged H

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Research campaign: Macroscopic quantum resonators (MAQRO)

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Kaltenbaek, Rainer Arndt, Markus Aspelmeyer, Markus Barker, Peter F. Bassi, Angelo Bateman, James Belenchia, Alessio Bergé, Joel Braxmaier, Claus Bose, Sougato Christophe, Bruno Cole, Garrett D. Curceanu, Catalina Datta, Animesh Debiossac, Maxime Delić, Uroš Diósi, Lajos Geraci, Andrew A. Gerlich, Stefan Guerlin, Christine Hechenblaikner, Gerald Heidmann, Antoine Herrmann, Sven Hornberger, Klaus Johann, Ulrich Kiesel, Nikolai Lämmerzahl, Claus LeBrun, Thomas W. Milburn, Gerard J. Millen, James Mohageg, Makan Moore, David C. Morley, Gavin W. Nimmrichter, Stefan Novotny, Lukas Oi, Daniel K.L. Paternostro, Mauro Riedel, C. Jess Rodrigues, Manuel Rondin, Loïc Roura, Albert Schleich, Wolfgang P. Schuldt, Thilo Stickler, Benjamin A. Ulbricht, Hendrik Vogt, Christian Wörner, Lisa University Of Ljubljana Faculty Of Mathematics And Physics Slovenia Institute For Quantum Optics And Quantum Information Vienna Austria University Of Vienna Faculty Of Physics Vienna Center For Quantum Science And Technology Austria Department Of Physics And Astronomy University College London United Kingdom Department Of Physics University Of Trieste Italy INFN Trieste Section Italy Department Of Physics Faculty Of Science And Engineering Swansea University United Kingdom Institut Für Theoretische Physik Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Germany CTAMOP School Of Mathematics And Physics Queen's University Belfast United Kingdom DPHY ONERA Université Paris Saclay France Institute Of Microelectronics Ulm University Germany Ulm Germany Thorlabs Crystalline Solutions United States Crystalline Mirror Solutions Santa BarbaraCA United States Italy Department Of Physics University Of Warwick United Kingdom Wigner Research Center For Physics Hungary Department Of Physics Of Complex Systems Eötvös Loránd University Hungary Center For Fundamental Physics Department Of Physics And Astronomy Northwestern University United States Laboratoire Kastler Brossel Sorbonne Université CNRS ENS-Université PSL Collège De France France Airbus Defence And Space GmbH Friedrichshafen Germany ZARM University Of Bremen Germany Faculty Of Physics University Of Duisburg-Essen Germany National Institute Of Standards And Technology United States Centre For Engineered Quantum Systems School Of Mathematics And Physics The University Of Queensland Australia Department Of Physics King's College London United Kingdom Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute Of Technology United States Wright Laboratory Department Of Physics Yale University United States Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät Universität Siegen Germany Photonics Laboratory ETH Zürich Switzerland Quantum Center ETH Zürich Switzerland SUPA Department Of Physics University Of Strathclyde United Kingdom Phy

The objective of the proposed MAQRO mission is to harness space for achieving long free-fall times, extreme vacuum, nano-gravity, and cryogenic temperatures to test the foundations of physics in macroscopic quantum experiments. This will result in the development of novel quantum sensors and a means to probe the foundations of quantum physics at the interface with gravity. Earlier studies showed that the proposal is feasible but that several critical challenges remain, and key technologies need to be developed. These new technologies will open up the potential for achieving additional science objectives. The proposed research campaign aims to advance the state of the art and to perform the first macroscopic quantum experiments in space. Experiments on the ground, in micro-gravity, and in space will drive the proposed research campaign during the current decade to enable the implementation of MAQRO within the subsequent decade. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Optomechanics

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Overview of the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2004年第3期21卷 343-360页

作者：丁一汇李崇银柳艳菊 National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid DynamicsInstitute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029he present paper gives an overview of the key project " South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX)" operated by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China during the period of 1996-2001. The SCSMEX is a joint atmospheric and oceanic field experiment which aims to better understand the onset maintenance and variability of the summer monsoon over the South China Sea (SCS). It is a large-scale international effort with many participating countries and regions cooperatively involved in this experiment. With the field observation in May-August 1998 a large amount of meteorological and oceanic data was acquired which provides excellent datasets for the study of the SCS monsoon and the East Asian monsoon and their interaction with the ocean. The preliminary research achievements are as follows. (1) The earliest onset of the Asian monsoon over the SCS and Indo-China Peninsula has been well documented. Prom the viewpoint of the synoptic process its onset is closely related to the early rapid development of a twin cyclone to the east of Sri Lanka. The conceptual modei of the SCS monsoon onset in 1998 was put forward. The 50-year time series of the SCS monsoon onset date was also made. (2) Two major modes namely the 30-60-day and 10-20-day oscillations were ascertained. The influences of the abnormal SCS monsoon on the precipitation over eastern China and its modes were identifled. A strong (weak) monsoon over the SCS usually leads to less (more) precipitation over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

The present paper gives an overview of the key project ' South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX)' operated by the Ministry of science and technology of China during the period of 1996-2001. The SCSMEX is a joint atmospheric and oceanic field experiment which aims to better understand the onset, maintenance, and variability of the summer monsoon over the South China Sea (SCS). It is a large-scale international effort with many participating countries and regions cooperatively involved in this experiment. With the field observation in May-August 1998, a large amount of meteorological and oceanic data was acquired, which provides excellent datasets for the study of the SCS monsoon and the East Asian monsoon and their interaction with the ocean. The preliminary research achievements are as follows. (1) The earliest onset of the Asian monsoon over the SCS and Indo-China Peninsula has been well documented. Prom the viewpoint of the synoptic process, its onset is closely related to the early rapid development of a twin cyclone to the east of Sri Lanka. The conceptual modei of the SCS monsoon onset in 1998 was put forward. The 50-year time series of the SCS monsoon onset date was also made. (2) Two major modes, namely the 30-60-day and 10-20-day oscillations were ascertained. The influences of the abnormal SCS monsoon on the precipitation over eastern China and its modes were identifled. A strong (weak) monsoon over the SCS usually leads to less (more) precipitation over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin, and more (less) precipitation in North China. (3) During the monsoon onset over the SCS, a wide variety of organized mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) were observed by a Doppler radar array deployed over the northern SCS. The relationship between large-scale circulations and MCSs during the monsoon onset process in 1998 was clearly revealed. It was suggested that there is a kind of positive feedback mechanism between large-scale circulations and

关键词： field experiment South China Sea monsoon low frequency oscillation (LFO) meso scale convective systems (MSCs) air-sea interaction numerical simulation

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Phototherapy: Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Derived Mesoporous Carbon Nanospheres Containing Porphyrin‐Like Metal Centers for Conformal Phototherapy (Adv. Mater. 38/2016)

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Advanced Materials 2016年第38期28卷

作者： Shunhao Wang Lu Shang Linlin Li Yingjie Yu Chongwei Chi Kun Wang Jie Zhang Run Shi Heyun Shen Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse Sijin Liu Jie Tian Tierui Zhang Huiyu Liu Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco‐Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 P. R. China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 P. R. China Department of Materials Science and Engineering State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook NY 11790 USA Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China School of Chemical Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland 1142 New Zealand

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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human Engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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Fine Pore-Structure Engineering by Ligand Conformational Control of Naphthalene Diimide-Based Semiconducting Porous Coordination Polymers for Efficient Chemiresistive Gas Sensing

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Angewandte Chemie 2022年第2期135卷

作者： Dr. Ziqian Xue Dr. Jia-Jia Zheng Dr. Yusuke Nishiyama Dr. Ming-Shui Yao Dr. Yoshitaka Aoyama Zeyu Fan Dr. Ping Wang Prof. Takashi Kajiwara Prof. Yoshiki Kubota Prof. Satoshi Horike Prof. Ken-ichi Otake Prof. Susumu Kitagawa Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences Kyoto University Institute for Advanced StudyKyoto University Yoshida Ushinomiya-cho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China Beijing 100190 China RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center Yokohama Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan JEOL Ltd. Musashino Akishima Tokyo 196-8558 Japan State Key Laboratory of Multi-phase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancun Beiertiao No. 1 Haidian Beijing 100190 China Department of Physics Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University 599-8531 Osaka Japan

Exploring new porous coordination polymers (PCPs) that have tunable structure and conductivity is attractive but remains challenging. Herein, fine pore structure engineering by ligand conformation control of naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based semiconducting PCPs with π stacking-dependent conductivity tunability is achieved. The π stacking distances and ligand conformation in these isoreticular PCPs were modulated by employing metal centers with different coordination geometries. As a result, three conjugated PCPs (Co−pyNDI, Ni−pyNDI, and Zn−pyNDI) with varying pore structure and conductivity were obtained. Their crystal structures were determined by three-dimensional electron diffraction. The through-space charge transfer and tunable pore structure in these PCPs result in modulated selectivity and sensitivity in gas sensing. Zn−pyNDI can serve as a room-temperature operable chemiresistive sensor selective to acetone.

关键词： PCPs/MOFs NDI Semiconductors Sensors 3D electron diffraction (3D ED)

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Quantum Spin Ice Response to a Magnetic Field in the Dipole-Octupole Pyrochlore Ce2Zr2O7

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Smith, E.M. Dudemaine, J. Placke, B. Schäfer, R. Yahne, D.R. DeLazzer, T. Fitterman, A. Beare, J. Gaudet, J. Buhariwalla, C.R.C. Podlesnyak, A. Xu, Guangyong Clancy, J.P. Movshovich, R. Luke, G.M. Ross, K.A. Moessner, R. Benton, O. Bianchi, A.D. Gaulin, B.D. Department of Physics and Astronomy McMaster University HamiltonONL8S 4M1 Canada Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research McMaster University HamiltonONL8S 4M1 Canada Département de Physique Université de Montréal MontréalQCH2V 0B3 Canada QuebecH3T 3J7 Canada Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems Nöthnitzer Straße 38 Dresden01187 Germany Department of Physics Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Department of Physics Colorado State University 200 West Lake Street Fort CollinsCO80523-1875 United States NIST Center for Neutron Research National Institute of Standards and Technology MS 6100 GaithersburgMD20899 United States Department of Materials Science and Eng. University of Maryland College ParkMD20742-2115 United States Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States Canadian Institute for Advanced Research 661 University Avenue TorontoONM5G 1M1 Canada

The pyrochlore magnet Ce2Zr2O7 has attracted much attention as a quantum spin ice candidate whose novelty derives in part from the dipolar-octupolar nature of the Ce3+ pseudospin-1/2 degrees of freedom it possesses. We report heat capacity measurements on single crystal samples of Ce2Zr2O7 down to T ∼ 0.1 K in a magnetic field along the [1, 1¯, 0] direction. These measurements show that the broad hump in the zero-field heat capacity moves higher in temperature with increasing field strength and is split into two separate humps by the [1, 1¯, 0] magnetic field at ∼ 2T. These separate features are due to the decomposition of the pyrochlore lattice into effectively decoupled chains for fields in this direction: one set of chains (α-chains) is polarized by the field while the other (β-chains) remains free. This situation is similar to that observed in the classical spin ices Ho2Ti2O7 and Dy2Ti2O7, but with the twist that here the strong transverse exchange interactions produce substantial quantum effects. Our theoretical modeling suggests that the β-chains are close to a critical state, with nearly-gapless excitations. We also report elastic and inelastic neutron scattering measurements on single crystal Ce2Zr2O7 in [1, 1¯, 0] and [0, 0, 1] magnetic fields at temperatures down to T = 0.03K. The elastic scattering behaves consistently with the formation of independent chains for a [1, 1¯, 0] field, while the [0, 0, 1] field produces a single field-induced elastic magnetic Bragg peak at (0, 2, 0) and equivalent wavevectors, indicating a polarized spin ice state for fields above ∼ 3 T. For both [1, 1¯, 0] and [0, 0, 1] magnetic fields, our inelastic neutron scattering results show an approximately-dispersionless continuum of scattering that increases in both energy and intensity with increasing field strength. By modeling the complete set of experimental data using numerical linked cluster and semiclassical molecular dynamics calculations, we demonstrate the dominantly mul

关键词： Molecular dynamics

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An environment for sustainable research software in Germany and beyond: Current state, open challenges, and call for action

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Anzt, Hartwig Bach, Felix Druskat, Stephan Löffler, Frank Loewe, Axel Renard, Bernhard Y. Seemann, Gunnar Struck, Alexander Achhammer, Elke Aggarwal, Piush Appel, Franziska Bader, Michael Brusch, Lutz Busse, Christian Chourdakis, Gerasimos Dabrowski, Piotr W. Ebert, Peter Flemisch, Bernd Friedl, Sven Fritzsch, Bernadette Funk, Maximilian D. Gast, Volker Goth, Florian Grad, Jean-Noël Hermann, Sibylle Hohmann, Florian Janosch, Stephan Kutra, Dominik Linxweiler, Jan Muth, Thilo Peters-Kottig, Wolfgang Rack, Fabian Raters, Fabian H.C. Rave, Stephan Reina, Guido Reißig, Malte Ropinski, Timo Schaarschmidt, Joerg Seibold, Heidi Thiele, Jan P. Uekerman, Benjamin Unger, Stefan Weeber, Rudolf Germany Innovative Computing Lab University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN United States Department of English Studies Friedrich Schiller University Jena Germany Germany Department of Computer Science Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Germany Heinz Nixdorf Chair for Distributed Information Systems Friedrich Schiller University Jena Germany Michael Stifel Center Jena Germany Center for Computation and Technology Louisiana State University Baton Rouge United States Germany Robert Koch Institute Berlin Germany Hasso Plattner Institute Faculty of Digital Engineering University of Potsdam Germany Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine University Heart Centre Freiburg Bad Krozingen Germany Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany Matters of Activity. Image Space Material. Cluster of Excellence at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Germany Technische Universität München Germany Language Technology Lab Universität Duisburg-Essen Germany Germany Department of Informatics Technical University of Munich Germany Technische Universität Dresden Germany Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg Germany Scientific Computing in Computer Science Technical University Munich Germany School of Computing Communication and Business Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin Germany Center for Bioinformatics Saar Saarland Informatics Campus Germany Institute for Modelling Hydraulic and Environmental Systems University of Stuttgart Germany Berlin Institute of Health Germany Scientific Computing Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven Germany Max-Planck-Gesellschaft e.V. Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik Universität Würzburg Germany Institut für Computerphysik University of Stuttgart Germany University Library University of Stuttgart Germany Universität Bremen Germany Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Dresden Germany European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelb

Research software has become a central asset in academic research. It optimizes existing and enables new research methods, implements and embeds research knowledge, and constitutes an essential research product in itself. Research software must be sustainable in order to understand, replicate, reproduce, and build upon existing research or conduct new research effectively. In other words, software must be available, discoverable, usable, and adaptable to new needs, both now and in the future. Research software therefore requires an environment that supports sustainability. Hence, a change is needed in the way research software development and maintenance are currently motivated, incentivized, funded, structurally and infrastructurally supported, and legally treated. Failing to do so will threaten the quality and validity of research. In this paper, we identify challenges for research software sustainability in Germany and beyond, in terms of motivation, selection, research software engineering personnel, funding, infrastructure, and legal aspects. Besides researchers, we specifically address political and academic decision-makers to increase awareness of the importance and needs of sustainable research software practices. In particular, we recommend strategies and measures to create an environment for sustainable research software, with the ultimate goal to ensure that software-driven research is valid, reproducible and sustainable, and that software is recognized as a first class citizen in research. This paper is the outcome of two workshops run in Germany in 2019, at deRSE19 - the first International Conference of Research Software Engineers in Germany - and a dedicated DFG-supported follow-up workshop in Berlin. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Software design

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Strategies and results for promoting participation of women in physics in Mexico: Demographics and short timescale aims

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2019年第1期2109卷

作者： Lorena Romero-Salazar Melissa María Monroy-Hernández Lilia Meza-Montes Darío Núñez-Zúñiga Amalia Martínez-García 1Laboratory of Nanothermodynamics and Complex Systems School of Sciences Autonomous University of the State of Mexico Toluca Mexico 2Mexican Network for Science Technology and Gender Luis Rivera Terrazas Institute of Physics Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla Mexico 3Luis Rivera Terrazas Institute of Physics Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla Mexico 4Mexican Physical Society Science Faculty University Campus National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City Mexico 5Institute of Nuclear Sciences University Campus National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City Mexico 6Optical and Mechanical Testing Lab Center for Research in Optics León Mexico

We review old and new strategies to sustain an increase in the participation of women in physics in Mexico. We assess the effectiveness of tactics in achieving specific goals, such increased participation of female physicists in scientific events and networks with a gender perspective. Since last year, the International Day of Women and Girls in science has been considered an important opportunity to empower events of local and national scope and to encourage young students to pursue scientific careers. We compile facts and figures of the past events. The evolution of the gender demographics of academia is presented with data from the National Research System members as well as women enrolled in bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral programs in physics.

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