A model for the dimeric form of the human TSPO (hTSPO) protein is constructed homologically using the RsTSPO dimer template. Then, Molecular dynamics simulation of 1μs is carried out on the model to investigate its s...
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Recently, scene text detection has received significant attention due to its wide applications. Accurate detection in complex scenes of multiple scales, orientations, and curvature remains a challenge. Component-based...
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With the advancement of industrial intelligence, the Industrial Internet has been widely used in energy, manufacturing and other important industries. In recent years, security incidents have occurred frequently in in...
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Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence is one of the most important measures to calculate the difference between probability distributions. In this paper, we theoretically study several properties of KL divergence between m...
Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence is one of the most important measures to calculate the difference between probability distributions. In this paper, we theoretically study several properties of KL divergence between multivariate Gaussian distributions. Firstly, for any two n-dimensional Gaussian distributions Ɲ1 and Ɲ2, we prove that when KL(Ɲ2‖Ɲ1) ≤ ε (ε > 0) the supremum of KL (Ɲ1‖Ɲ2) is (1/2) ((-W0 (-e-(1+2ε)))-1 + log(-W0 (-e-(1+2ε))) - 1), where W0 is the principal branch of Lambert W function. For small ε, the supremum is ε + 2ε1.5 + O (ε2). This quantifies the approximate symmetry of small KL divergence between Gaussian distributions. We further derive the infimum of KL(Ɲ1‖Ɲ2) when KL(Ɲ2‖Ɲ1) ≥ M (M > 0). We give the conditions when the supremum and infimum can be attained. Secondly, for any three n-dimensional Gaussian distributions Ɲ1, Ɲ2, and Ɲ3, we theoretically show that an upper bound of KL (Ɲ1‖Ɲ3) is 3ε1 + 3ε2 + 2√ε1ε2 + o(ε1)+ o(ε2) when KL (Ɲ1‖Ɲ2) ≤ ε1 and KL(Ɲ2‖Ɲ3) ≤ ε2 (ε1, ε2 ≥ 0). This reveals that KL divergence between Gaussian distributions follows a relaxed triangle inequality. Note that, all these bounds in the theorems presented in this work are independent of the dimension n. Finally, we discuss several applications of our theories in deep learning, reinforcement learning, and sample complexity research.
Prompt detection of bit bounce can prevent serious incidents and is of great importance for safe and efficient deep geological drilling. In the early stage of bit bounce, signal changes are relatively weak. In additio...
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As an ambitious training paradigm, federated learning has garnered increasing attention in recent years, which enables collaborative training of a global model without accessing users' private data. However, due t...
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Data assimilation systems usually assume that the observation errors of wind components, i.e., u(the longitudinal component) and v(the latitudinal component), are uncorrelated. However, since wind components are deriv...
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Data assimilation systems usually assume that the observation errors of wind components, i.e., u(the longitudinal component) and v(the latitudinal component), are uncorrelated. However, since wind components are derived from observations in the form of wind speed and direction(spd and dir), the observation errors of u and v are correlated. In this paper, an explicit expression of the observation errors and correlation for each pair of wind components are derived based on the law of error propagation. The new data assimilation scheme considering the correlated error of wind components is implemented in the Weather Research and Forecasting Data Assimilation(WRFDA) system. Besides, adaptive quality control(QC) is introduced to retain the information of high wind-speed observations. Results from real data experiments assimilating the Advanced Scatterometer(ASCAT) sea surface winds suggest that analyses from the new data assimilation scheme are more reasonable compared to those from the conventional one, and could improve the forecasting of Typhoon Noru.
Intelligent Transportation systems (ITS) are heavily dependent on private user data. However, most ITS fails to harness the potential of this invaluable data due to the absence of effective data governance mechanisms ...
Intelligent Transportation systems (ITS) are heavily dependent on private user data. However, most ITS fails to harness the potential of this invaluable data due to the absence of effective data governance mechanisms promoting users' contributions. Moreover, data contributors face security risks such as privacy preservation, data leakage, etc., as well as high costs in data sharing, while benefits are disproportionately reaped by system operators and interaction. This systemic imbalance could indirectly incentivize a surge in inactions and even malicious actions. In response to these challenges, we propose the design of a True Autonomous Organization (TAO) for ITS, namely ITS TAO. Utilizing the newly designed decision models with decentralized organization structures and the three-power structure, ITS TAO aims to realize the fair distribution of rights and benefits for ITS data contributors. Furthermore, we design a real-time evaluation system based on parallel intelligence capable of identifying potential hazards.
Inspired by the recent experimental progress in the time-driven phase transition in quantum chaos, we investigate comprehensively the energy diffusion of a kicked rotor in the presence of phase modulation. In the clas...
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Inspired by the recent experimental progress in the time-driven phase transition in quantum chaos, we investigate comprehensively the energy diffusion of a kicked rotor in the presence of phase modulation. In the classical case, we found that there always exists anomalous diffusion as long as the phase is modulated periodically and changes by 0 or π from kick to kick. On the contrary, for quasiperiodic and random phase modulation, anomalous diffusion is suppressed. On the other hand, in the quantum case, there exist only ballistic energy diffusion and dynamical localization in the standard and periodically shifted cases, while random phase modulation destroys the quantum coherence and totally suppresses the dynamical localization. Furthermore, the quasiperiodic phase modulation is an intermediate phase between the standard case and the random one. In both the classical and quantum cases, quasiperiodic phase modulation is inequivalent to random phase modulation at large kicking times (>103), thus caution has to be taken when dealing with these two kinds of phase modulation in experiments.
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