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Fortifying Smart Grids: A Holistic Assessment Strategy against Cyber Attacks and Physical Threats for Intelligent Electronic Devices

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 2579-2609页

作者： Yangrong Chen June Li Yu Xia Ruiwen Zhang Lingling Li Xiaoyu Li Lin Ge School of Computer Science Zhengzhou University of AeronauticsZhengzhou450046China Henan Xin’an Century Technology Co. Ltd.Henan Data Security Engineering Technology Research CenterZhengzhou450046China Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing Ministry of EducationSchool of Cyber Science and EngineeringWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China

Intelligent electronic devices(IEDs)are interconnected via communication networks and play pivotal roles in transmitting grid-related operational data and executing control *** the context of the heightened security challenges within smart grids,IEDs pose significant risks due to inherent hardware and software vulner-abilities,as well as the openness and vulnerability of communication *** grid security,distinct from traditional internet security,mainly relies on monitoring network security events at the platform layer,lacking an effective assessment mechanism for ***,we incorporate considerations for both cyber-attacks and physical faults,presenting security assessment indicators and methods specifically tailored for ***,we outline the security monitoring technology for IEDs,considering the necessary data sources for their security ***,we classify IEDs and establish a comprehensive security monitoring index system,incorporating factors such as running states,network traffic,and abnormal *** index system contains 18 indicators in 3 ***,we elucidate quantitative methods for various indicators and propose a hybrid security assessment method known as GRCW-hybrid,combining grey relational analysis(GRA),analytic hierarchy process(AHP),and entropy weight method(EWM).According to the proposed assessment method,the security risk level of IEDs can be graded into 6 levels,namely 0,1,2,3,4,and *** higher the level,the greater the security ***,we assess and simulate 15 scenarios in 3 categories,which are based on monitoring indicators and real-world situations encountered by *** results show that calculated security risk level based on the proposed assessment method are consistent with actual ***,the reasonableness and effectiveness of the proposed index system and assessment method are validated.

关键词： Smart grid intelligent electronic device security assessment abnormal behaviors network traffic running states

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A Review:Principles and Applications of High-Pressure In Situ Time-Resolved Transient Absorption Spectroscopy

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Ultrafast science 2024年第2期4卷 45-59页

作者： Xiaxia Qin Guozhao Zhang Lin Chen Qinglin Wang Guangyu Wang Haiwa Zhang Yinwei Li Cailong Liu School of Physics Science and Information Technology Liaocheng UniversityLiaocheng 252059China Laboratory of Quantum Functional Materials Design and Application of Physics and Electronic Engineering Jiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhou 22116China

Time-resolved transient absorption(TA)spectroscopy measurement technology provides detailed information into the ultrafast dynamics by tracking the transitions and deactivation processes of the excited-state carriers,which holds vast potential for investigating processes related to the luminescence and nonradiative recombination of *** is considered a potent tool for tuning the carrier dynamic *** combination of high-pressure experimental technology and time-resolved TA spectroscopy measurement technology enables researchers to reveal the inherent relation between the structure and optical properties of materials,which is crucial for optimizing material performance and applications in the field of *** this review,the principles and the theoretical foundations of high-pressure time-resolved TA spectroscopy measurement technology will be introduced,and the research advancements in ultrafast dynamics processes of materials under high pressure will be summarized and *** addition,we will expound on the future prospects of time-resolved TA spectroscopy measurement technology to detect the ultrafast dynamic behaviors of materials and complexes under the coregulation of temperature and pressure.

关键词： materials resolved holds

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Evaluating the Performance to Detecting Topic Shift of Large Language Models: A Study 9

Evaluating the Performance to Detecting Topic Shift of Large...

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9th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing, ICSP 2024

作者： Tian, Pingfang Liu, Deting Department of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan430065 China Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China The Key Laboratory of the Rich Media Knowledge Organisation and Service of Digital Publishing Content Beijing100038 China Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Real-time Industrial System Wuhan China Big Data Science and Engineering Research Institute Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan430065 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376548

Topic shift detection aims to identify whether there is a change in the current topic of conversation or if a change is needed. The study found previous work did not evaluate the performance of large language models like ChatGPT on the task of topic shift. Therefore, this paper's main task and innovation lie in analyzing ChatGPT's performance on topic shift detection. To provide a more comprehensive evaluation, we conducted topic shift detection tasks on ChatGPT from three aspects: single utterances, adjacent utterances, and contextual levels. Additionally, to gauge the performance of large language models, we conducted experiments on multiple small-scale models and compared the results of the two models. Experimental results on the publicly available English TIAGE dataset showed that small-scale models exhibited lower recall in all three aspects, while ChatGPT performed better in the recall. This suggests that compared to small-scale models, large models are more capable of accurately detecting topic shifts. However, large models also exhibited lower precision, indicating that while ChatGPT can recognize content differences in utterances, its judgment on whether these different contents belong to the same topic is poor. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： adjacent utterances level ChatGPT contextual level single utterances level topic shift detection

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Development of a novel critical nitrogen concentration-cumulative transpiration curve for optimizing nitrogen management under varying irrigation conditions in winter wheat

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The Crop Journal 2024年第4期12卷 1242-1251页

作者： Tianyang Ye Yu Zhang Jingyan Xuan Xintian Wang Yang Li Junhao Xu Liujun Xiao Leilei Liu Liang Tang Weixing Cao Bing Liu Yan Zhu National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture Engineering Research Center of Smart AgricultureMinistry of EducationKey Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision MakingMinistry of AgricultureJiangsu Key Laboratory for Information AgricultureJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Agriculture Sichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengdu 610066SichuanChina

Accurate nitrogen(N)nutrition diagnosis is essential for improving N use efficiency in crop *** widely used critical N(Nc)dilution curve traditionally depends solely on agronomic variables,neglecting crop water *** three-year field experiments with winter wheat,encompassing two irrigation levels(rainfed and irrigation at jointing and anthesis)and three N levels(0,180,and 270 kg ha1),this study aims to establish a novel approach for determining the Nc dilution curve based on crop cumulative transpiration(T),providing a comprehensive analysis of the interaction between N and water *** Nc curves derived from both crop dry matter(DM)and T demonstrated N concentration dilution under different conditions with different *** equation Nc=6.43T0.24 established a consistent relationship across varying irrigation *** test results indicated that the nitrogen nutrition index(NNI),calculated from this curve,effectively identifies and quantifies the two sources of N deficiency:insufficient N supply in the soil and insufficient soil water concentration leading to decreased N availability for root ***,the NNI calculated from the Nc-DM and Nc-T curves exhibited a strong negative correlation with accumulated N deficit(Nand)and a positive correlation with relative grain yield(RGY).The NNI derived from the Nc-T curve outperformed the NNI derived from the Nc-DM curve concerning its relationship with Nand and RGY,as indicated by larger R2 values and smaller *** novel Nc curve based on T serves as an effective diagnostic tool for assessing winter wheat N status,predicting grain yield,and optimizing N fertilizer management across varying irrigation *** findings would provide new insights and methods to improve the simulations of water-N interaction relationship in crop growth models.

关键词： Crop dry matter Crop cumulative transpiration Bayesian statistical model Critical nitrogen dilution curve Nitrogen nutrition index

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An Improved Speed Estimation Method for PMSM Using Speed Correction 27

An Improved Speed Estimation Method for PMSM Using Speed Cor...

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27th International Conference on Electrical Machines and systems, ICEMS 2024

作者： Sun, Weiqiang Yang, Zhebin Zhang, Xiaojun Situ, Anqi Jia, Yuqi Yang, Jiaqiang School of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero Electromechanical System Integration Nanjing China

ISBN: (纸本)9784886864406

Sensorless control technology has been received significant attention in recent years due to its advantages of reducing system size and cost while enhancing reliability. As a result, it has become a key focus in the field of motor control research. However, the speed regulation and load capacity of sensorless methods diminish during low-speed operation, thereby negatively impacting the performance across broad range. To address this issue, an improved speed sensorless estimation method for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) combined with speed correction is proposed, which use the principle of corrective parameter selection and current estimation error to correct speed estimation. The outcomes of the experiments indicate that proposed method still run stably under full load at 10% of the rated speed during low-speed operation, verifying the feasibility and effectiveness of the method. © 2024 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Permanent magnets

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All-solid-state High-voltage Marx Pulse Generator Based on Magnetic Isolated Drive Circuit 14

All-solid-state High-voltage Marx Pulse Generator Based on M...

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14th IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation systems, PEDG 2023

作者： Liu, Qingqing Wang, Ruitian Li, Xin Naval University of Engineering National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vessel Integrated Power System Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350328233

An all-solid-state high-voltage pulse generator based on the bipolar Marx circuit is presented in this paper. A drive circuit of the silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs based on the magnetic core transforms is used to transmit the drive signals, in order to get the magnetic isolation of the drive circuit to the main Marx circuit and improve the consistency of the devices' operation. First, the topology and operating principles of the generator are described, and main components of the generator are designed. Then, the detailed circuit of the magnetic isolated drive is presented and operational principles are analyzed. Finally, experiments are carried out and the test results show that the developed bipolar Marx pulse generator can output the polarity adjustable pulse with the amplitude of ±5kV, and rising edge of 26ns and falling edge of 96ns. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Timing circuits

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Introduction of information Security Fatigue Scale for Teleworking and its Effectiveness 9

Introduction of Information Security Fatigue Scale for Telew...

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9th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Big Data, Cloud Computing, and Data science, BCD 2024

作者： Koyama, Hiroki Tanimoto, Shigeaki Shimoda, Atsushi Taki, Seiko Kanai, Atsushi Chiba Institute of Technology Faculty of Social System Science Chiba Japan Japan International University Faculty of Management and Information Studies Ibaraki Japan Chiba Institute of Technology Faculty of Information and Transformation Science Chiba Japan Hosei University Faculty of Science and Engineering Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350394191

In recent years, government-led 'work style reform' has been promoted, and the teleworking style of work has been attracting attention. In particular, the spread of COVID-19 infection in 2020 has led to the rapid spread of telework. The spread of teleworking has led to a shift to paperless and web conferencing, and the risk of information security has increased due to the location-independent work style. In particular, unlike the face-to-face environment of an office, the telework environment poses psychological risks such as loneliness due to lack of communication. This paper clarifies information security fatigue in a telework environment based on previous research on security fatigue in a face-to-face environment that also considers such psychological aspects, and proposes countermeasures against it. First, we designed a questionnaire that took into account the telework environment based on the questionnaire survey of a previous study, and conducted a questionnaire survey using a web-based questionnaire. Considering the impact of COVID-19, a questionnaire survey was conducted twice, once in December 2020 at the early stage of COVID-19 expansion and once in January 2023 after COVID-19 establishment, both times targeting approximately 500 Japanese teleworkers. The results of these surveys showed that the security fatigue scale in the telework environment was similar to the information security fatigue results in the face-to-face environment of the previous study, with approximately 20% in the ideal state. In other words, security fatigue was found to be the same in a telework environment as in a face-to-face environment. Furthermore, the results of the analysis of the open-ended responses to the questionnaire survey showed similar trends to those indicated in previous studies. As a result of these findings, it was clarified that countermeasures such as 'implementation of education to arouse awareness of the concerned parties' and 'interviews regarding information s

关键词： information security fatigue latent rank theory security telework work style reform

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Interface effect on superlattice quality and optical properties of InAs/GaSb type-Ⅱ superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第12期31卷 671-676页

作者： Zhaojun Liu Lian-Qing Zhu Xian-Tong Zheng Yuan Liu Li-Dan Lu Dong-Liang Zhang The School of Opto-Electronic Engineering Changchun University of Science and TechnologyChangchun 130022China Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument Beijing Information Science&Technology UniversityBeijing 100192China

We systematically investigate the influence of InSb interface(IF)engineering on the crystal quality and optical properties of strain-balanced InAs/GaSb type-Ⅱsuperlattices(T2SLs).The type-Ⅱsuperlattice structure is 120 periods InAs(8 ML)/GaSb(6 ML)with different thicknesses of InSb interface grown by molecular beam epitaxy(MBE).The highresolution x-ray diffraction(XRD)curves display sharp satellite peaks,and the narrow full width at half maximum(FWHM)of the 0th is only 30-39 *** high-resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)characterization,the InSb heterointerfaces and the clear spatial separation between the InAs and GaSb layers can be more intuitively *** the InSb interface thickness increases,the compressive strain increases,and the surface“bright spots”appear to be more apparent from the atomic force microscopy(AFM)***,photoluminescence(PL)measurements verify that,with the increase in the strain,the bandgap of the superlattice *** optimizing the InSb interface,a high-quality crystal with a well-defined surface and interface is obtained with a PL wavelength of 4.78μm,which can be used for mid-wave infrared(MWIR)detection.

关键词： InAs/GaSb type-Ⅱsuperlattice molecular beam epitaxy interface mid-wave infrared

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High-performance eight-channel system with fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors

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Chip 2024年第2期3卷 45-52页

作者： Zifan Hao Kai Zou Yun Meng Jun-Yong Yan Fangyuan Li Yongheng Huo Chao-Yuan Jin Feng Liu Thomas Descamps Adrian Iovan Val Zwiller Xiaolong Hu School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronic Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology Ministry of EducationTianjin 300072China State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 300072China Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Applied Physics Royal Institute of Technology(KTH)SE-10691 StockholmSweden

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors(SNSPDs)have become a mainstream photon-counting technology that has been widely applied in various *** far,most multi-channel SNSPD systems,either reported in literature or commercially available,are polarization sensitive,that is,the system detection efficiency(SDE)of each channel is dependent on the state of polarization of the to-be-detected ***,we reported an eight-channel system with fractal SNSPDs working in the wavelength range of 930 to 940 nm,which are all featured with low polarization *** a close-cycled Gifford-McMahon cryocooler system with the base temperature of 2.2 K,we installed and compared the performance of two types of devices:(1)SNSPD,composed of a single,continuous nanowire and(2)superconducting nanowire avalanche photodetector(SNAP),composed of 16 cascaded units of two nanowires electrically connected in *** highest SDE among the eight channels reaches 96+^(4)_(-5%),with the polarization sensitivity of 1.02 and a dark-count rate of 13 counts per *** average SDE for eight channels for all states of polarization is estimated to be 90±5%.It is concluded that both the SNSPDs and the SNAPs can reach saturated,high SDE at the wavelength of interest,and the SNSPDs show lower dark-count(false-count)rates,whereas the SNAPs show better properties in the time *** the adoption of this system,we showcased the measurements of the second-order photon-correlation functions of light emission from a singlephoton source based on a semiconductor quantum dot and from a pulsed *** is believed that this work will provide new choices of systems with single-photon detectors combining the merits of high SDE,low polarization sensitivity,and low noise that can be tailored for different applications.

关键词： Superconducting nanowire single-photon detector Superconducting strip photon detector Fractal Quantum optics Photon correlation

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Advances in Atmospheric Radiation:Theories,Models,and Their ***Ⅱ:Radiative Transfer Models and Related Applications

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第2期38卷 183-208页

作者： Hua ZHANG Feng ZHANG Lei LIU Yuzhi LIU Husi LETU Yuanjian YANG Zhengqiang LI Kun WU Shuai HU Ming LI Tie DAI Fei WANG Zhili WANG Yuxiang LING Yining SHI Chao LIU State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Institute of Climate System Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences&Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438 College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073 College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000 State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 School of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Beijing 100081

The subject of“atmospheric radiation”includes not only fundamental theories on atmospheric gaseous absorption and the scattering and radiative transfer of particles(molecules,cloud,and aerosols),but also their applications in weather,climate,and atmospheric remote sensing,and is an essential part of the atmospheric *** review includes two parts(Part I and PartⅡ);following the first part on gaseous absorption and particle scattering,this part(PartⅡ)reports the progress that has been made in radiative transfer theories,models,and their common applications,focusing particularly on the contributions from Chinese *** recent achievements on radiative transfer models and methods developed for weather and climate studies and for atmospheric remote sensing are firstly ***,the associated applications,such as surface radiation estimation,satellite remote sensing algorithms,radiative parameterization for climate models,and radiative-forcing related climate change studies are summarized,which further reveals the importance of radiative transfer theories and models.

关键词： atmospheric radiation radiative transfer remote sensing radiative forcing climate change

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