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Gupacker: Generalized Unpacking Framework for Android Malware

IEEE Transactions on information Forensics and Security 2025年 20卷 4338-4352页

作者： Zheng, Tao Hou, Qiyu Chen, Xingshu Ren, Hao Li, Meng Li, Hongwei Shen, Changxiang Sichuan University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Chengdu610065 China Sichuan University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Cyber Science Research Institute Key Laboratory of Data Protection and Intelligent Management Ministry of Education Chengdu610065 China Hefei University of Technology Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data Ministry of Education Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui Province School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei230002 China University of Padua Department of Mathematics HIT Center Padua35131 Italy University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Chengdu611731 China Sichuan University Cyber Science Research Institute Key Laboratory of Data Protection and Intelligent Management Ministry of Education Chengdu610065 China

Android malware authors often use packers to evade analysis. Although many unpacking tools have been proposed, they face two significant challenges: 1) They are easily impeded by anti-analysis techniques employed by packers, preventing efficient collection of hidden Dex data. 2) They are typically designed to unpack a specific packer and cannot handle malware packed with mixed packers. Consequently, many packed malware samples evade detection. To bridge this gap, we propose Gupacker , a novel generalized unpacking framework. Gupacker offers a generic solution for first-generation holistic packer by customizing the Android system source code. It identifies the type of packer and selects an appropriate unpacking function, constructs a deeper active call chain to achieve generic unpacking of second-generation function extraction packers, and uses JNI function and instruction monitoring to handle third-generation virtual obfuscation packer. On this basis, we counteract a diverse array of anti-analysis techniques. We conduct extensive experiments on 5K packed Android malware samples, comparing Gupacker with 2 commercial and 4 state-of-the-art academic unpacking tools. The results demonstrate that Gupacker significantly improves the efficiency of Android malware unpacking with acceptable system overhead. We analyze real packed applications based on Gupacker and found several are second-packed by attackers, including WPS for Android, with tens of millions of users. We receive and responsibly report 13 0day vulnerabilities and also assist in the remediation of all vulnerabilities. © 2005-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Android malware

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DCT-DiffPose: A Lightweight Diffusion Model With Multi-Hypothesis for 3D Human Pose Estimation

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 73319-73331页

作者： Zhong, Linzhan Chen, Fangni Zheng, Bolun Feng, Rui Zhang, Lei Wan, Jian Zhejiang University of Science and Technology College of Information and Electronic Engineering Hangzhou310023 China Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Biomedical Intelligent Computing Technology Hangzhou310023 China Hangzhou Dianzi University School of Automation Hangzhou310018 China

3D human pose estimation is a crucial task in computer vision with extensive applications, yet it remains challenging due to depth ambiguity and constraints on computational efficiency. In this paper, we propose DCT-DiffPose, a novel framework that integrates a diffusion model with Confidence and Consistency-based Multi-Hypothesis Aggregation (CCMA). Moreover, it incorporate the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) for frequency-domain feature extraction. Specifically, the diffusion model generates diverse and plausible hypotheses, and CCMA aggregates them based on confidence and consistency, effectively addressing depth ambiguity. Additionally, we incorporate DCT into the self-attention mechanism to transform input data into the frequency domain, thereby enhancing feature extraction while significantly reducing computational complexity. To validate DCT-DiffPose, we conducted extensive experiments on the Human3.6M and MPI-INF-3DHP datasets. Our method achieves a 19% lower Mean Per Joint Position Error (MPJPE) and a 55% reduction in FLOPs compared to D3DP. The results demonstrate its excellent trade-off between accuracy and complexity. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Discrete cosine transforms

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NiCoMn-LDH with core-shell heterostructures based on CoS nanotube arrays containing multiple ion diffusion channels for boosted supercapacitor applications

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Green Energy & Environment 2025年第4期10卷 780-792页

作者： Xiaojie Xu Huachen Lin Jinrui Ding Pengjie Zhou Yulong Ying Hong Jia Longhua Li Yu Liu School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang212003China School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China College of Physics and Electronic Information&Henan Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Transformation and Detection Luoyang Normal UniversityLuoyang471934China Longmen Laboratory of Luoyang 471000Luoyang471934China

Nanostructure engineering and composition rationalization are crucial for materials to become candidates for high-performance ***,a novel core-shell heterostructured electrode,combining CoS hollow nanorods with NiCoMn-layered double hydroxides(LDH)ternary metal nanosheets,were prepared on carbon cloth by reasonably controlled vulcanization and *** optimizing electrodeposition conditions,the material's structure and properties can be *** enhanced capacitance of the optimized carbon cloth(CC)@CoS/NiCoMn-LDH-300 electrode(4256.0 F g^(-1))lies in the open space provided by CoS and the establishment of a new charge transfer channel across the interfaces of CC@CoS/NiCoMn-LDH-300 *** is further demonstrated by Density functional theory(DFT)simulations based on OHadsorption energy,which produces faster redox charge kinetics and significantly enhances the electrode's energy storage *** hybrid supercapacitor,integrating the optimized CC@CoS/NiCoMn-LDH-300 electrode with active carbon,demonstrates the highest energy density of 86 Wh kg^(-1)(under the power density of 850 W kg^(-1))and the long cycle stability of 89.7%.This study aims to go beyond simple binary LDH by constructing a ternary LDH with a hierarchical core-shell heterostructure to provide an effective and feasible new concept for high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials via rational structure design.

关键词： Supercapacitor Core-shell Heterostructure High-performance Ternary metal LDH

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ALF-YOLO: a modified YOLOv8n algorithm for precise emotion detection via facial expressions

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Journal of Real-Time Image Processing 2025年第3期22卷 1-11页

作者： Ma, Yijia Lu, Ruizhi Ren, Wanchun Huang, Yujie Li, Wen Wang, Yaozu School of Information Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China Robot Technology Used for Special Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Mianyang 621010 China

Detecting facial expressions plays a vital role in medical rehabilitation and human–computer interaction. This work proposes the attention-enhanced lightweight fusion (ALF-YOLO) framework, a modified version of YOLOv8n, to address challenges such as limited precision in emotion categorizing and inadequate real-time performance in traditional methods. The investigation introduces the adaptive multi-branch convolution (AMConv) module as an alternate for particular typical convolutional modules in the original model, thus improving its ability to recognize multi-scale facial information and complicated details. The large separable kernel attention (LSK-Attention) module is integrated into the backbone to emphasize critical spatial features, enhancing the model’s sensitivity to facial information. The interlayer feature injection (IFI) structure is also demonstrated, dramatically decreasing information loss and optimizing the incorporation of multi-scale face features, therefore, improving the model’s emotion recognition capability. Findings from experiments on the AffectNet dataset demonstrate that the proposed ALF-YOLO model achieves an optimal balance between real-time performance and precision compared with the original YOLOv8n. The model improves the mean average precision at 50% (mAP50) by 3.7%, achieves a detection speed of 282 FPS, and has a parameter size of roughly 2.81 M. The precision and generalization ability of the ALF-YOLO model has been demonstrated on the challenging BCCD and Mar20 datasets. The ALF-YOLO framework provides a successful approach for precision emotion detection by face expression. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： ALF-YOLO Attention mechanism Emotion detection Facial expressions Interlayer feature injection

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Accurate, Secure, and Efficient Semi-Constrained Navigation Over Encrypted City Maps

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IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 2025年第3期22卷 2642-2658页

作者： Li, Meng Chen, Yifei Gao, Jianbo Wu, Jingyu Zhang, Zijian He, Jialing Zhu, Liehuang Conti, Mauro Lin, Xiaodong Hefei University of Technology Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data Ministry of Education Hefei230002 China Hefei University of Technology School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei230002 China Hefei University of Technology Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Industry Safety and Emergency Technology Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui Province Hefei230002 China Beijing Institute of Technology School of Cyberspace Science and Technology Beijing100811 China University of Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Technology Hefei230026 China Beijing Institute of Technology Southeast Institute of Information Technology Fujian Putian351100 China Chongqing University College of Computer Science Chongqing400044 China University of Padua Department of Mathematics HIT Center Padua35131 Italy Delft University of Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft2628 CD Netherlands University of Guelph School of Computer Science GuelphONN1G 2W1 Canada

Navigation services enable users to find the shortest path from a starting point S to a destination D, reducing time, gas, and traffic congestion. Still, navigation users risk the exposure of their sensitive location data. Our motivation arises from how users can accurately, securely, and efficiently navigate from S to Dwhile passing through k unordered stops, i.e., midway locations with a non-fixed visiting order. In this work, we formally define Semi-Constrained Navigation (SCN) and present a novel scheme Hermestoachieveaccurate,secure, andefficient SCN. Specifically, weproposeadivide-and-conquerapproachtostrikeagoodbalance betweenaccuracyandefficiency. It recursively depth-first-searches the whole area (a navigation tree) and invokes five carefully-crafted strategies stop-by-stop to compute three subpaths in three se quential subareas. We construct a path-distance oracle to encrypt the road graph and securely implement the strategies by using homomorphic encryption and garble circuits. We formally prove the security in the random oracle model and analyze the search complexity to be less than O(k2). We experiment over a real-world city map and compare with six baselines. Results show that path search with k = 4 among N = 1000 intersections requires 5.58 seconds with a 3.2% distance deviation rate and an 82.5% path similarity. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Traffic congestion

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Underwater arbitrary ranging based on chirped pulse interferometry with a mode-locked laser

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Journal of Lightwave technology 2025年第11期43卷 5235-5243页

作者： Shi, Haonan Zhao, Haihan Xu, Xinyang Zhu, Zhiwei Zhai, Jingsheng Li, Xiaobo Tianjin University School of Marine Science and Technology Tianjin300072 China Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation Science and Technology on Electro-Optical Information Security Control Laboratory No. 53 Tianjin300308 China The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering Hong Kong999077 Hong Kong Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Key Laboratory of Space Photoelectric Detection and Perception Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Nanjing211106 China

Underwater distance measurement and length sensing, as fundamental functions of geoscience, are integrated into underwater robots and vessels in various forms of sensor payloads and play a crucial role in a wide range of remote sensing applications. Advanced laser-based detection systems and algorithms are essential for underwater tasks, such as detecting damage in underwater pipelines and conducting detailed structural health assessments. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrated an arbitrary underwater ranging system by the chirped pulse interferometry with a mode-locked laser. Water's inherent characteristic introduces dispersion, enabling unique distance discrimination. Adjusting the repetition frequency allows us to acquire the interference spectrum. A long fiber delay line, stabilized by the servo-controlled system, eliminates the ranging dead zone. The widest fringe of the interference spectrum, corresponding to an instantaneous repetition frequency, indicates the arbitrary measured distance. Leveraging a charge-coupled device detection module, we achieved an update rate of 13.5 Hz for the interference spectrum. Experimental results show a precise distance difference within 59.8 μm at the 5 m range underwater without the dead zone. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Laser mode locking

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Two-dimensional ultrathin nanosheets over mackinawite FeS for efficient electrochemical N_(2) reduction

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第4期32卷 936-943页

作者： Jing Zhang Yingying Guo Haiyang Li Jing Guo Rui Zheng Shuai Niu Fang Wang School of Chemistry and Materials Science Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials(Ministry of Education)Shanxi Normal UniversityTaiyuan 031000China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China School of Physics and Information Engineering Shanxi Normal UniversityTaiyuan 031000China Chemistry and Environmental Science College Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Chemistry and Devices of Higher Education Institutions in Inner Mongolia Autonomous RegionInner Mongolia Normal UniversityHohhot 010022China

Electrocatalytic N_(2)reduction reaction (NRR) has been considered as a promising and alternative strategy for the synthesis of NH_(3),which will contribute to the goal of carbon neutrality and ***,this process often suffers from the barrier for N_(2)activation and competitive reactions,resulting in poor NH_(3)yield and low Faraday efficiency (FE).Here,we report a two-dimensiona(2D) ultrathin FeS nanosheets with high conductivity through a facile and scalable method under mild *** synthesized FeS catalysts can be used as the work electrode in the electrochemical NRR cell with N_(2)-saturated Na_(2)SO_(4)*** a catalyst shows a NH_(3)yield of 9.0μg·h^(-1)·mg^(-1)(corresponding to 1.47×10^(-4)μmol·s^(-1)·cm^(-2)) and a high FE of 12.4%,which significantly outperformed the other most NRR *** high catalytic performance of FeS can be attributed to the 2D mackinawite structure,which provides a new insight to explore low-cost and high-performance Fe-based electrocatalysts,as well as accelerates the practical application of the NRR.

关键词： electrocatalysis electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction FeS nanosheets faraday efficiency

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A robust statistical prediction model for late-summer heavy precipitation days in North China

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science China Earth sciences 2025年第1期68卷 158-171页

作者： Shunli JIANG Tingting HAN Xin ZHOU Huijun WANG Zhicong YIN Xiaolei SONG Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of EducationNanjing University for Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai519080China

Recently,heavy precipitation(HP)events have occurred frequently in North China(NC),causing devastating economic losses and human ***,the short-term climate prediction of HP is quite *** year-to-year increment(DY)method and sliding correlations,we developed a robust seasonal prediction model for late-summer HP days(HPDs)in NC during 1982–2022,utilizing three independent predictors—February sea surface temperature(SST)in the Indian Ocean(SST_IO),February snow depth over North Asia(SDE_NA),and May melted snow depth in NC(MSDE_NC).The SST_IO anomalies affect NC's precipitation through the Pacific-Japan *** SDE_NA anomalies are associated with East Asian anomalous anticyclone by southeastern propagation of Rossby wave at *** MSDE_NC anomalies are followed by vertical motion and moisture anomalies in situ and thereby cause precipitation *** prediction model can well simulate the variations of the HPDs,with a correlation coefficient(CC)of 0.81(0.65)between the observed and predicted HPDs_DY(HPDs_anomaly).The percentage with the same sign for 15 extreme HPDs_anomaly years(PSSE)is 100%.Moreover,in the cross-validation test during 1982–2022,the PSSE for HPDs_anomaly is as high as 100%,along with a low rootmean-square error of *** independent hindcasts during 2013–2022,the CC between the observed and predicted HPDs_DY(HPDs_anomaly)is 0.93(0.83),together with high Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(0.82)and agreement index(0.89).Specifically,the predictions are broadly consistent with the observations for 2015,2016,2017,2021,and 2022,reflecting excellent performance of this prediction model of HPDs in NC.

关键词： Heavy precipitation at North China Year-to-year increment approach Robust seasonal prediction Sea surface temperature Snow depth

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Event-enhanced synthetic aperture imaging

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science China(information sciences) 2025年第3期68卷 388-390页

作者： Siqi LI Shaoyi DU Jun-Hai YONG Yue GAO Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology School of SoftwareTsinghua University Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences Beijing Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive IntelligenceTsinghua University National Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Hybrid Augmented Intelligence National Engineering Research Center for Visual Information and ApplicationsInstitute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Xi'an Jiaotong University

Synthetic aperture imaging(SAI) methods aim to see through dense occlusions and reconstruct the target scene behind occlusions. Traditional frame-based SAI methods,e.g., DeOccNet [1], take the occluded light field ima...

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First-principles calculations study of valley polarization in antiferromagnetic bilayer systems

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Physical Review B 2025年第14期111卷 L140404-L140404页

作者： San-Dong Guo Ping Li Guangzhao Wang School of Electronic Engineering Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications Xi'an 710121 China State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China Key Laboratory of Extraordinary Bond Engineering and Advanced Materials Technology of Chongqing School of Electronic Information Engineering Yangtze Normal University Chongqing 408100 China

Superior to ferromagnetic (FM) valleytronics, antiferromagnetic (AFM) counterparts exhibit ultradense and ultrafast potential due to their intrinsic advantages of zero stray field, terahertz dynamics, and compensated moments of antiferromagnets. However, the physics of spontaneous valley polarization is mainly rooted in FM hexagonal lattices and is rarely used to explore the simultaneous spin and valley polarizations in AFM materials. Here, we propose a general stacking method to achieve valley polarization in AFM bilayer systems. The hexagonal ferrovalley material is used as the basic building unit, and then the space-inversion centrosymmetric bilayer system with interlayer AFM ordering is constructed by horizontal mirror and twofold rotational operations, which can exhibit spontaneous valley polarization. In this construction process, the rarely explored layer-locked hidden valley polarization, hidden Berry curvature, and layer Hall effect are involved, and an out-of-plane electric field can be used to detect hidden valley polarization and to realize layer-locked anomalous valley Hall effect. We use three examples to illustrate our proposal. First, the Janus GdBrI is used to illustrate concepts and effects involved in our design process. Second, the RuBr2 is used to demonstrate other phenomena, including valley polarization transition and near-ideal quantum spin Hall insulators. Finally, we use our design principles to understand the valley polarization of experimentally synthesized MnSe from a new perspective. Our works establish a robust general scheme to achieve valley polarization in AFM bilayer systems, thereby opening up new avenues for AFM valleytronics.

关键词： Landforms

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