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Development of nuclear data Processing and Utilization System for Innovative Reactors

AIP Conference Proceedings 2005年第1期769卷 109-112页

作者： N. Yamano A. Hasegawa K. Kato M. Igashira *Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors Tokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1 O‐okayama Meguro‐ku Tokyo 152‐8550 JAPAN **Nuclear Data Center Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute †Division of Physics Graduate School of Science Hokkaido University

A research and development (R&D) project on a nuclear data processing and utilization system was started in 2002 for a five‐year plan for innovative nuclear energy systems such as innovative reactors and accelerator‐driven systems. The nuclear data processing and utilization system is being developed to use on a PC‐Linux server through the Internet, so that it has a graphic user interface (GUI) in order to easily utilize the system for various nuclear design studies in the innovative reactor development. The nuclear data processing and utilization system, which is able to handle JENDL‐3.3, ENDF/B‐VI, and JEFF‐3 to generate point‐wise and group‐wise cross sections in several formats, has the capability to perform criticality and shielding benchmarks. A prototype system was developed in order to examine the operability of the user interface and discuss detailed specifications of the system. The system is expected to be a verification tool of nuclear data for development of innovative nuclear reactors, because cross‐section generation with nuclear data and the various benchmarks for criticality and shielding problems can be easily performed.

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Random node reinforcement and K-core structure of complex networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Ma, Rui Hu, Yanqing Zhao, Jin-Hua Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science Institute of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China Department of Statistics and Data Science College of Science Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China School of Data Science and Engineering South China Normal University Shanwei516622 China

To enhance robustness of complex networked systems, a simple method is introducing reinforced nodes which always function during failure propagation. A random scheme of node reinforcement can be considered as a benchmark for finding an optimal reinforcement solution. Yet there still lacks a systematic evaluation on how node reinforcement affects network structure at a mesoscopic level upon failures. Here we study this problem through the lens of K-cores of networks. Based on an analytical percolation framework, we first show that, on uncorrelated random graphs, with a critical size of reinforced nodes, an abrupt emergence of K-cores is smoothed out to a continuous one, and a detailed phase diagram is derived. We then show that, with a cost-benefit analysis on random reinforcement, for proper weight factors in cost functions with constant and increasing marginal costs, a gain function shows a unimodality, thus we can analytically find an optimal reinforcement fraction by locating the maximal gain. In all, our framework offers a gain-oriented analytical perspective to designing robust interconnected systems. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforcement

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Objective Source Inversion of Continuous Atmospheric 37Cs Releases Following the Fukushima Accident

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Dong, Xinwen Fang, Sheng Zhuang, Shuhan Xu, Yuhan Zhao, Yungang Sheng, Li Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Key Laboratory of Beam Technology Ministry of Education College of Nuclear Science and Technology Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China CTBT Beijing National Data Centre Beijing Radionuclide Laboratory Beijing100085 China Beijing100081 China

11 years after the Fukushima accident, the independent objective estimates of the atmospheric 137Cs release still suffer from discontinuities such as negative release terms, oscillations, and temporal gaps, leading to noticeable differences from the subjective estimate. In this paper, we propose an objective method that provides a continuous source term by sequentially combining the joint estimation model and total variation regularization. The joint estimation model corrects the model–observation discrepancies and reduces oscillations, while the total variation regularization imposes a piecewise-constant prior and recovers information about the release that may be missing as a result of insufficient observations. An adaptive parameterization is proposed to correct negative values. Validation against the Fukushima accident demonstrates that the retrieved source term is continuous, better agreeing with the recognized subjective source term than nine published estimates both qualitatively and quantitatively. It agrees with the timing of on-site gamma dose rate peaks, significantly improves the air concentration simulations, and reproduces the fine details to the south of the nuclear power plant and in the Chiba area. The estimation error of the proposed method varies smoothly in a limited range with different regularization parameters, enabling automatic parameterization and demonstrating the potential for operational inversions. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Parameterization

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Beta-delayed Gamma Radiation Benchmark for the ENDF/B-VIII.0 Decay data Sub-library

Beta-delayed Gamma Radiation Benchmark for the ENDF/B-VIII.0...

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2024 Radiation Protection and Shielding Division, RPSD 2024

作者： Harris, Z. Hill, B. Kim, S. Mattera, A. McCutchan, E.A. Palaguachi, O. Seeley, M. Sonzogni, A.A. University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY12180 United States University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States National Nuclear Data Center Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973-5000 United States Colgate University HamiltonNY13346 United States Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794 United States Nuclear Science & Technology Department Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973-5000 United States

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Security Compressed Sensing Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Elliptic Curve

Security Compressed Sensing Image Encryption Algorithm Based...

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作者： Anan Jin Xiang Li Qingzhi Xiong School of Information Engineering East China University of Technology Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Nuclear Geoscience Data Science and System East China University of Technology Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cybersecurity Intelligent Perception East China University of Technology

Aiming to address the problems of high costs associated with the storage and transmission of environmental monitoring images, as well as potential security risks, this paper proposes a security compressed sensing image encryption algorithm based on elliptic curve cryptography. The algorithm introduces elliptic curve encryption technology within a compressed sensing framework,using elliptic curve cryptography to encrypt the matrix during the compression perception acquisition process. This enables secure acquisition of environmental monitoring encrypted images. Therefore, this paper presents a security compressed sensing framework to address security gaps in the compression perception reconstruction process and improve the security of environmental monitoring *** results show that the proposed algorithm effectively encrypts and reconstructs environmental monitoring images, with high security and resistance to cracking.

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Measurement of ω meson production in pp collisions at = 13 TeV

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Journal of High Energy Physics 2025年第4期2025卷 1-30页

作者： Acharya, S. Adamová, D. Agarwal, A. Aglieri Rinella, G. Aglietta, L. Agnello, M. Agrawal, N. Ahammed, Z. Ahmad, S. Ahn, S. U. Ahuja, I. Akindinov, A. Akishina, V. Al-Turany, M. Aleksandrov, D. Alessandro, B. Alfanda, H. M. Alfaro Molina, R. Ali, B. Alici, A. Alizadehvandchali, N. Alkin, A. Alme, J. Alocco, G. Alt, T. Altamura, A. R. Altsybeev, I. Alvarado, J. R. Anaam, M. N. Andrei, C. Andreou, N. Andronic, A. Andronov, E. Anguelov, V. Antinori, F. Antonioli, P. Apadula, N. Aphecetche, L. Appelshäuser, H. Arata, C. Arcelli, S. Aresti, M. Arnaldi, R. Arneiro, J. G. M. C. A. Arsene, I. C. Arslandok, M. Augustinus, A. Averbeck, R. Azmi, M. D. Baba, H. Badalà, A. Bae, J. Baek, Y. W. Bai, X. Bailhache, R. Bailung, Y. Bala, R. Balbino, A. Baldisseri, A. Balis, B. Banerjee, D. Banoo, Z. Barbasova, V. Barile, F. Barioglio, L. Barlou, M. Barman, B. Barnaföldi, G. G. Barnby, L. S. Barreau, E. Barret, V. Barreto, L. Bartels, C. Barth, K. Bartsch, E. Bastid, N. Basu, S. Batigne, G. Battistini, D. Batyunya, B. Bauri, D. Bazo Alba, J. L. Bearden, I. G. Beattie, C. Becht, P. Behera, D. Belikov, I. Bell Hechavarria, A. D. C. Bellini, F. Bellwied, R. Belokurova, S. Beltran, L. G. E. Beltran, Y. A. V. Bencedi, G. Bensaoula, A. Beole, S. Berdnikov, Y. Berdnikova, A. Bergmann, L. Besoiu, M. G. Betev, L. Bhaduri, P. P. Bhasin, A. Bhat, M. A. Bhattacharjee, B. Bianchi, L. Bianchi, N. Bielčík, J. Bielčíková, J. Bigot, A. P. Bilandzic, A. Biro, G. Biswas, S. Bize, N. Blair, J. T. Blau, D. Blidaru, M. B. Bluhme, N. Blume, C. Boca, G. Bock, F. Bodova, T. Bok, J. Boldizsár, L. Bombara, M. Bond, P. M. Bonomi, G. Borel, H. Borissov, A. Borquez Carcamo, A. G. Bossi, H. Botta, E. Bouziani, Y. E. M. Bratrud, L. Braun-Munzinger, P. Bregant, M. Broz, M. Bruno, G. E. Buckland, M. D. Budnikov, D. Buesching, H. Bufalino, S. Buhler, P. Burmasov, N. Buthelezi, Z. Bylinkin, A. Bysiak, S. A. Cabanillas Noris, J. C. Cabrera, M. F. T. Cai, M. Caines, H. Caliva, A. Calvo Villar, E. Camacho, J. M. M. Camerini, P. Canedo, F. D. M. Cantway, S. L. Carabas, M. Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS/IN2P3 LPC Clermont-Ferrand France Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences Husinec-Řež Czech Republic Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre Homi Bhabha National Institute Kolkata India European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Geneva Switzerland Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN Turin Italy Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN Turin Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN Bologna Italy Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Daejeon Republic of Korea Faculty of Science P.J. Šafárik University Košice Slovak Republic Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Darmstadt Germany INFN Sezione di Torino Turin Italy Central China Normal University Wuhan China Instituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico University of Houston Houston United States Sungkyunkwan University Suwon City Republic of Korea Department of Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway INFN Sezione di Cagliari Cagliari Italy Institut für Kernphysik Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany INFN Sezione di Bari Bari Italy Physik Department Technische Universität München Munich Germany High Energy Physics Group Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering Bucharest Romania University of Derby Derby United Kingdom Universität Münster Institut für Kernphysik Münster Germany Physikalisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany INFN Sezione di Padova Padova Italy INFN Sezione di Bologna Bologna Italy Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley United Sta

The pT-differential cross section of ω meson production in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV at midrapidity (|y| < 0.5) was measured with the ALICE detector at the LHC, covering an unprecedented transverse-momentum range of 1.6 < pT < 50 GeV/c. The meson is reconstructed via the ω → π+π−π0 decay channel. The results are compared with various theoretical calculations: PYTHIA8.2 with the Monash 2013 tune overestimates the data by up to 50%, whereas good agreement is observed with Next-to-Leading Order (NLO) calculations incorporating ω fragmentation using a broken SU(3) model. The ω/π0 ratio is presented and compared with theoretical calculations and the available measurements at lower collision energies. The presented data triples the pT ranges of previously available measurements. A constant ratio of Cω/π0 = 0.578 ± 0.006 (stat.) ± 0.013 (syst.) is found above a transverse momentum of 4 GeV/c, which is in agreement with previous findings at lower collision energies within the systematic and statistical uncertainties.

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B-doped MCP detector developed for neutron resonance imaging at Back-n white neutron source

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nuclear science and Techniques 2024年第8期35卷 1-11页

作者： Li, Qiang Wang, Li-Jiao Tang, Jing-Yu Qiu, Xiang-Biao Chen, Zhen Zhao, Mao-Yuan Ning, Chang-Jun Pan, Kai Xu, Wei Li, Tao Lu, Su-Peng Yi, Han Fan, Rui-Rui Feng, Chang-Qing Zhang, Rong Sun, Xiao-Yang An, Qi Bai, Hao-Fan Bai, Jiang-Bo Bao, Jie Cao, Ping Chen, Qi-Ping Chen, Yong-Hao Cui, Zeng-Qi Fan, An-Chuan Feng, Fan-Zhen Gu, Min-Hao Han, Chang-Cai Han, Zi-Jie He, Guo-Zhu He, Yong-Cheng Hong, Yang Hu, Yi-Wei Huang, Han-Xiong Jiang, Wei Jiang, Zhi-Jie Jin, Zheng-Yao Kang, Ling Li, Bo Li, Gong Li, Xiao Li, Yang Liu, Jie Liu, Rong Liu, Shu-Bin Liu, Yi-Na Luan, Guang-Yuan Ren, Jie Ren, Zhi-Zhou Ruan, Xi-Chao Song, Zhao-Hui Sun, Kang Tan, Zhi-Xin Tang, Sheng-Da Wang, Jin-Cheng Wang, Peng-Cheng Wang, Zhao-Hui Wen, Zhong-Wei Wu, Xiao-Guang Wu, Xuan Xia, Cong Yu, Yong-Ji Zhang, Guo-Hui Zhang, Hang-Chang Zhang, Lin-Hao Zhang, Qi-Wei Zhang, Xian-Peng Zhang, Yu-Liang Zhang, Yue Zhang, Zhi-Yong Zhou, Zhi-Hao Zhu, Ke-Jun Zou, Chong Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Dongguan Songshan Lake Future School Dongguan China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China North Night Vision Science and Technology (Nanjing) Research Institute Co. Ltd Nanjing China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of Physics Peking University Beijing China Institute of Modern Physics Fudan University Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing China China Academy of Engineering Physics Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry Mianyang China USTC archaeometry lab University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi’an China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China China Shipbuilding Trading Co. Ltd Beijing China

Neutron resonance imaging (NRI) has recently emerged as an appealing technique for neutron radiography. Its complexity surpasses that of conventional transmission imaging, as it requires a high demand for both a neutron source and detector. Consequently, the progression of NRI technology has been sluggish since its inception in the 1980s, particularly considering the limited studies analyzing the neutron energy range above keV. The white neutron source (Back-n) at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) provides favorable beam conditions for the development of the NRI technique over a wide neutron energy range from eV to MeV. Neutron-sensitive microchannel plates (MCP) have emerged as a cutting-edge tool in the field of neutron detection owing to their high temporal and spatial resolutions, high detection efficiency, and low noise. In this study, we report the development of a $$^{10}$$ B-doped MCP detector, along with its associated electronics, data processing system, and NRI experiments at the Back-n. Individual heavy elements such as gold, silver, tungsten, and indium can be easily identified in the transmission images by their characteristic resonance peaks in the 1–100 eV energy range; the more difficult medium-weight elements such as iron, copper, and aluminum with resonance peaks in the 1–100 keV energy range can also be identified. In particular, results in the neutron energy range of dozens of keV (Aluminum) are reported here for the first time.

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Prospect for measurement of the CP-violating phase φs in the Bs → J/Ψφ channel at a future Z factory

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Li, Xiaomei Ruan, Manqi Zhao, Mingrui Science and Technology on Nuclear Data Laboratory China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark

The CP-violating phase φs, the Bs decay width (Γs), and the Bs decay width difference (ΔΓs) are sensitive probes to new physics and can constrain the heavy quark expansion theory. The potential for the measurement at future Z factories is studied in this manuscript. It is found that operating at Tera-Z mode, the expected precision can reach: σ(φs) = 4.6 mrad, σ(ΔΓs) = 2.4 ns-1 and σ(Γs) = 0.72 ns-1. The precision of φs is 40% larger than the expected precision with the LHCb experiment at HL-LHC. If operating at 10-Tera-Z mode, the precision of φs can be measured at 45% of the precision obtained from the LHCb experiment at HL-LHC. However, the measurement of Γs and ΔΓs cannot benefit from the excellent time resolution and tagging power of the future Zfactories. Only operating at 10-Tera-Z mode can the Γs and ΔΓs reach an 18% larger precision than the precision expected to be obtained from LHCb at HL-LHC. The control of penguin contamination at the future Z-factories is also discussed. © 2022, CC BY.

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Neutron and γ background measurements of the experimental halls at the CSNS back-streaming white neutron source

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nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 2020年 980卷 164506-164506页

作者： Li, Qiang Jing, Hantao Zhou, Bin Ning, Changjun Tang, Jingyu Ren, Jie Yi, Han Zhu, Xing Zhang, Liying Jiang, Wei Fan, Ruirui Bao, Jie Feng, Changqing Ruan, Xichao Chen, Yonghao Zhou, Luping Li[a], Yang Tan, Zhixin Chen, Yukai An, Qi Bai, Huaiyong Cao, Ping Chen, Qiping Cheng, Pinjing Cui, Zengqi Gu, Minhao Guo, Fengqin Han, Changcai Han, Zijie He, Guozhu He, Yongcheng He, Yuefeng Huang, Hanxiong Huang, Weiling Huang, Xiru Ji, Xiaolu Ji, Xuyang Jiang, Haoyu Kang, Ling Kang, Mingtao Li, Bo Li, Lun Li, Xiao Li[b], Yang Liu, Rong Liu, Shubin Liu, Xingyan Luan, Guangyuan Ma, Yinglin Qi, Binbin Song, Zhaohui Sun, Hong Sun, Xiaoyang Sun, Zhijia Tang, Hongqing Wang, Pengcheng Wang, Qi Wang, Taofeng Wang, Yanfeng Wang, Zhaohui Wang, Zheng Wen, Jie Wen, Zhongwei Wu, Qingbiao Wu, Xiaoguang Wu, Xuan Xie, Likun Yang, Yiwei Yu, Li Yu, Tao Yu, Yongji Zhang, Guohui Zhang, Jing Zhang, Linhao Zhang, Qingmin Zhang, Qiwei Zhang, Xianpeng Zhang, Yuliang Zhang, Zhiyong Zhao, Yingtan Zhou, Liang Zhou, Zuying Zhu, Danyang Zhu, Kejun Zhu, Peng Beijing100049 China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan523803 China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing102413 China Sate Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang621900 China University of South China Hengyang421001 China Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi'an710024 China Department of Engineering and Applied Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China School of Physics Beihang University Beijing100083 China Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

Accurate nuclear data measurements require a good background control of the experimental environment. At the back-streaming white neutron source (the so-called Back-n White Neutron Source) at China Spallation Neutron Source that is dedicated for nuclear data measurements, comprehensive shielding measures have been employed around the neutron beam line to reduce the neutron and γ backgrounds in the experimental end-stations. The basic background generated by the neutron beam without samples was simulated by the Monte Carlo method and correspondingly measured with a Bonner sphere spectrometer. The results show that the experimental measurements and simulations are generally in good agreement, and the neutron background level meets the requirements of the nuclear data experiments. Moreover, the γ background that was measured by using liquid BC501A and NaI scintillator detectors is mainly from the natural radioactivity of environment, and the beam induced γ background is very weak, whereas the natural γ background can be removed by a coincidence in time with beam bunch or be deducted by background measurement without samples. While the present measurements prove that the neutron/γ basic background has been well controlled, the experimentalists can devote the effort to solve the background problem caused by the samples. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Neutron sources

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Back-n white neutron source at CSNS and its applications

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Tang, Jing-Yu An, Qi Bai, Jiang-Bo Bao, Jie Bao, Yu Cao, Ping Chen, Hao-Lei Chen, Qi-Ping Chen, Yong-Hao Chen, Zhen Cui, Zeng-Qi Fan, Rui-Rui Feng, Chang-Qing Gao, Ke-Qing Gao, Xiao-Long Gu, Min-Hao Han, Chang-Cai Han, Zi-Jie He, Guo-Zhu He, Yong-Cheng Hong, Yang Hu, Yi-Wei Huang, Han-Xiong Huang, Xi-Ru Jiang, Hao-Yu Jiang, Wei Jiang, Zhi-Jie Jing, Han-Tao Kang, Ling Li, Bo Li, Chao Li, Jia-Wen Li, Qiang Li, Xiao Li, Yang Liu, Jie Liu, Rong Liu, Shu-Bin Liu, Xing-Yan Long, Ze Luan, Guang-Yuan Ning, Chang-Jun Niu, Meng-Chen Qi, Bin-Bin Ren, Jie Ren, Zhi-Zhou Ruan, Xi-Chao Song, Zhao-Hui Sun, Kang Sun, Zhi-Jia Tan, Zhi-Xin Tang, Xin-Yi Tian, Bin-Bin Wang, Li-Jiao Wang, Peng-Cheng Wang, Zhao-Hui Wen, Zhong-Wei Wu, Xiao-Guang Wu, Xuan Xie, Li-Kun Yang, Xiao-Yun Yang, Yi-Wei Yi, Han Yu, Li Yu, Tao Yu, Yong-Ji Zhang, Guo-Hui Zhang, Lin-Hao Zhang, Qi-Wei Zhang, Xian-Peng Zhang, Yu-Liang Zhang, Zhi-Yong Zhou, Lu-Ping Zhou, Zhi-Hao Zhu, Ke-Jun State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang621900 China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing102413 China Beijing100049 China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan523803 China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi’an710024 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Department of Engineering and Applied Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China

Back-streaming neutrons from the spallation target of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) that emit through the incoming proton channel were exploited to build a white neutron beam facility (the so-called Back-n white neutron source), which was completed in March 2018. The Back-n neutron beam is very intense, at approximately 2×107 n/cm2/s at 55 m from the target, and has a nominal proton beam with a power of 100 kW in the CSNS-I phase and a kinetic energy of 1.6 GeV and a thick tungsten target in multiple slices with modest moderation from the cooling water through the slices. In addition, the excellent energy spectrum spanning from 0.5 eV to 200 MeV, and a good time resolution related to the time-of-flight measurements make it a typical white neutron source for nuclear data measurements;its overall performance is among that of the best white neutron sources in the world. Equipped with advanced spectrometers, detectors, and application utilities, the Back-n facility can serve wide applications, with a focus on neutron-induced cross-section measurements. This article presents an overview of the neutron beam characteristics, the experimental setups, and the ongoing applications at Back-n. © 2021, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Neutron sources

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