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Justifying the prediction of major soil nutrients levels (N, P, and K) in cabbage cultivation

MethodsX 2024年 12卷 102793页

作者： Abekoon, Thilina Sajindra, Hirushan Buthpitiya, B.L.S.K. Rathnayake, Namal Meddage, D.P.P. Rathnayake, Upaka Water Resources Management and Soft Computing Research Laboratory Athurugiriya Millennium City 10150 Sri Lanka Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Kelaniya 11600 Sri Lanka Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8654 Japan School of Engineering and Information Technology University of New South Wales Northcott Drive Canberra 2612 ACT Australia Department of Civil Engineering and Construction Faculty of Engineering and Design Atlantic Technological University Sligo F91 YW50 Ireland

In a recent paper by Sajindra et al. [1], the soil nutrient levels, specifically nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, in organic cabbage cultivation were predicted using a deep learning model. This model was designed with a total of four hidden layers, excluding the input and output layers, with each hidden layer meticulously crafted to contain ten nodes. The selection of the tangent sigmoid transfer function as the optimal activation function for the dataset was based on considerations such as the coefficient of correlation, mean squared error, and the accuracy of the predicted results. Throughout this study, the objective is to justify the tangent sigmoid transfer function and provide mathematical justification for the obtained results. • This paper presents the comprehensive methodology for the development of deep neural network for predict the soil nutrient levels. • Tangent Sigmoid transfer function usage is justified in predictions. • Methodology can be adapted to any similar real-world scenarios. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Cabbage cultivation Deep neural network Soil nutrient levels TanSig function

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Understanding the predictability of path flow distribution in urban road networks using an information entropy approach

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Multimodal Transportation 2024年第2期3卷

作者： Guo, Bao Huang, Zhiren Zheng, Zhihao Zhang, Fan Wang, Pu School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering Rail Data Research and Application Key Laboratory of Hunan Province Central South University Changsha China Shandong Provincial Communications Planning and Design Institute Group Co. Ltd Jinan China Department of Computer Science Aalto University Helsinki Finland Department of Civil Engineering McGill University Montreal H3A 0C3 QC Canada Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China

Predicting the distributions of path flow between origin-destination (OD) pairs in an urban road network is crucial for developing efficient traffic control and management strategies. Here, we use the large-scale taxi GPS trajectory data of San Francisco and Shenzhen to study the predictability of path flow distribution in urban road networks. We develop an approach to project the time-varying path flow distributions into a high-dimensional space. In the high-dimensional space, information entropy is used to measure the predictability of path flow distribution. We find that the distributions of path flow between OD pairs are in general characterized with a high predictability. In addition, we analyze the factors affecting the predictability of path flow distribution. Finally, an n-gram model incorporating high-order gram and low-order gram is proposed to predict the distribution of path flow. A relatively high prediction accuracy is achieved. © 2024

关键词： Human mobility Information entropy Path flow distribution Predictability

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Two-dimensional Weyl nodal line semimetal in high Curie temperature d0 ferromagnet K2N monolayer

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Jin, Lei Zhang, Xiaoming Liu, Ying Dai, Xuefang Shen, Xunan Wang, Liying Liu, Guodong School of Materials Science and Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin300130 China Research Laboratory for Quantum Materials Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore487372 Singapore Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology School of science Tianjin University Tianjin300354 China

Nodal line semimetals in two-dimensional (2-D) materials have attracted intense attention currently. From fundamental physics and spintronic applications points of view, high Curie temperature ferromagnetic (FM) ones with nodal lines robust against spin-orbit coupling (SOC) are significantly in desirable. Here, we propose that FM K2N monolayer is such Weyl nodal line semimetal. We show that K2N monolayer is dynamically stable, and has a FM ground magnetic state with the out-of-plane [001] magnetization. It shows two nodal lines in the low-energy band structures. Both nodal lines are robust against SOC, under the protection of mirror symmetry. We construct an effective Hamiltonian, which can well characterize the nodal lines in the system. Remarkably, the nodal line semimetal proposed here is distinct from the previously studied ones in that K2N monolayer is 2-D d0-type ferromagnet with the magnetism arising from the partially filled N-p orbitals, which can bring special advantages in spintronic applications. Besides, the Curie temperature in K2N monolayer is estimated to be 942K, being significantly higher than previous FM nodal lines materials. We also find that, specific tensile strains can transform the nodal line from type-I to a type-II one, making its nodal line characteristics even more interesting. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ferromagnetism

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Study on friction characteristics of micro-arc oxidation modification layer of titanium alloy surface in seawater environment 5

Study on friction characteristics of micro-arc oxidation mod...

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2019 5th International Conference on Applied Materials and Manufacturing technology, ICAMMT 2019

作者： Xingsheng, Lao Xufeng, Zhao Yong, Liu Chunhui, Dai Wei, Wang Science and Technology on Thermal Energy and Power Laboratory Wuhan 2nd Ship Design and Research Institute Hubei430205 China

In order to study the effect of surface microarc oxidation modification on the comprehensive properties of titanium alloys in seawater environment, the metallographic structure of titanium alloy Microarc oxidation modified surface layer and the basic physical parameters such as hardness, thickness and roughness were measured, and the PTFE, filled with 15% glass fiber +5% were filled with 25% fiberglass. The PTFE of graphite and the PTFE filled with 60% tin bronze were tested for friction by friction pair materials, and the wear amount and roughness of titanium alloy and Microarc oxidation modified surface layer were test in simulated sea water as 3.5% Nacl solution, and the results showed that the surface modification of titanium alloy by Microarc oxidation could significantly improve its hardness. The surface roughness can reach 3.2μm, and the friction coefficient of different matching pairs is small, while the surface wear of microarc oxidation modification is less than that of substrate wear. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Surface roughness

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Laser directed energy deposition of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy: Microstructure evolution and its influence on properties

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Materials & design 2025年 255卷

作者： Yanfang Wang Chengyu Ma Yufan Zhao Gaoyuan Wang Jiaqiang Li Wenjun Ma Yihui Jiang Shuhua Liang School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Technology Xi’an Shaanxi 710048 China Engineering Research Center of Conducting Materials and Composite Technology Ministry of Education Xi’an Shaanxi 710048 China Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Electrical Materials and Infiltration Technology Xi’an Shaanxi 710048 China Key Laboratory of Metal High Performance Additive Manufacturing and Innovative Design MIIT China Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an 710072 China School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering Soochow University Suzhou China

Laser directed energy deposited (L-DEDed) Cu alloys present substantial advantages for manufacturing thermal management devices without potential constraints on size. Herein, the printability, microstructure, and properties of a L-DEDed Cu-Cr-Zr alloy were investigated. Decreased scanning velocity facilitates the manufacture of single-track deposit with continuous and smooth surface morphology owning to the diminished Marangoni effect caused by a lower temperature gradient. A heterogeneous grain structure, characterized by an alternating distribution of equiaxed and columnar grains, was achieved in the thin-walled deposit, while a fully columnar grain was obtained in the bulk deposit. Under the effect of thermal cycling, numerous secondary Cr phase in-situ precipitated, and a small proportion of nano-sized annealing twins appeared in both the thin-walled and bulk deposits. In comparison, benefiting from nanotwins and more significant dispersion strengthening from secondary Cr precipitates, the thin-walled deposit exhibited a superior balance of tensile strength (∼337 MPa) and conductivity (∼63.6 % IACS).

关键词： Cu-Cr-Zr alloy Laser directed energy deposition Printability Microstructure Mechanical properties

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Influence of vehicle speeds in curve driving on pupil diameters of drivers 4

Influence of vehicle speeds in curve driving on pupil diamet...

引用

4th CAA International Conference on Vehicular Control and Intelligence, CVCI 2020

作者： Feng, Mingwang Fan, Rong Liu, Chao Gao, Tianyi Wang, Zheng Zheng, Rencheng School of Automotive Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian China College of Mechatronics Engineering Dalian Minzu University Dalian China Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education Tianjin University Tianjin China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728184968

The pupil diameter is one of the most important assessing indicators for the mental state of drivers. On the other hand, it is still a topic to quantitatively assess the effect of vehicle speeds on pupil diameters of drivers. Therefore, this study recorded pupil diameters under different vehicle speeds of 40, 60, and 80 km/h in the driving simulator experiment. Furthermore, this paper analyzed pupil diameters on the straight and curve road sections, and the difference of pupil diameters between left and right eyes. The results indicate that there is a positive association between the pupil diameter and the vehicle speed, and there is a difference for pupil diameters in the straight and curve driving. In addition, the difference of pupil diameters between left and right eyes is higher in the straight section than that in the curve section. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Eye movements

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A Waveguide-Fed Transmitting Antenna for High Efficiency Microwave Power Transmission

A Waveguide-Fed Transmitting Antenna for High Efficiency Mic...

引用

IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP)

作者： Junfeng Chen Long Xiao Liang Chen Songceng Wang Fengtao Wu Deliang Zhao Science and Technology on Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory China Ship Development and Design Center Wuhan China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing China Science and Technology on Electromagnetic Compatibility China Ship Development and Design Center Wuhan China Shanghai Branch China Ship Development and Design Center Wuhan China

ISBN: (数字)9781728160641

ISBN: (纸本)9781728160658

In this paper, a transmitting antenna fed by rectangular waveguide are intend for the operation at relatively high power levels in practical use, such as mid-range wireless charging. The proposed transmitter is composed of square patches on a 1.5mm thick dielectric substrate. The square patches are connected by main feeder and excited by rectangular feeding patches in the middle of the antenna. Single antenna is fed by a rectangular waveguide and sized for 370×480 mm (14.6×18.9 inch). The transmitting antenna is investigated by simulation and experimentally. The simulated results indicated that this antenna achieves 30dB gain and 150MHz bandwidth from 5.74 to 5.89 GHz. Experimental results are in accordance with those of the simulation results. The electromagnetic field distributions of antenna radiation direction have been characterized both in horizontal and vertical sections. Further analysis of the power density of the improved transmitting antenna is given.

关键词： Transmitting antennas Electromagnetic waveguides Microstrip antenna arrays Antenna measurements Microwave antenna arrays Microwave technology

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Contributions of natural and anthropogenic factors to summertime thermal environments across different urban scales: An investigation in Chengdu-Chongqing agglomeration, China

引用

Environmental Impact Assessment Review 2025年 115卷

作者： Wan, Yangtao Yang, Song Han, Han Mao, Yao Liu, Xiao You, Meizi Fu, Xuecheng Tang, Junqing Cheshmehzangi, Ali Zahed, Leila Mohaghegh He, Bao-Jie School of Architecture and Urban Planning Yunnan University Kunming650550 China State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science Guangdong China Chongqing Metropolitan College of Science and Technology Chongqing402167 China School of Geographical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing400715 China School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Urban Design and Urban Science NYU Shanghai Shanghai China Centre for Climate–Resilient and Low–Carbon Cities School of Architecture and Urban Planning Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area Ministry of Education Chongqing University Chongqing400045 China School of Urban Planning and Design Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen51855 China School of Architecture Design and Planning The University of Queensland Brisbane4072 Australia Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran CMA Key Open Laboratory of Transforming Climate Resources to Economy Chongqing401147 China

Understanding regional heat islands (RHIs) is important for initiating proper macro-interventions for mitigation and adaptation. However, limited studies have been conducted to reveal the underlying mechanisms and associated drivers. This study addresses this gap by analyzing RHI features and the contributions of anthropogenic and natural factors in the Chengdu-Chongqing area, China, at macro- (e.g., urban agglomeration, UA), meso- (e.g., metropolitan area, MA), and micro-scales (e.g., urban district, UR). This study verified the significant RHI growth in the Chengdu-Chongqing area, especially at the meso- and micro scales. For instance, the significantly increased areas at the macro scale accounted for 4 %, while those at the two meso-scale areas accounted for 7.0 % and 7.8 %, respectively. The proportions at the micro-scale were much higher. Anthropogenic factors contributed more than natural factors to RHI formation at the macro scale, while RHI growth at all scales was due to anthropogenic factors, and natural factors mainly contributed to RHI mitigation. Impervious surface density, population density, nighttime light intensity, precipitation, and the normalized difference vegetation index were the predominant contributors across all scales. Overall, this study explored the scale-dependent RHI and associated drivers from a multi-scale regional perspective and identified the critical areas for RHI mitigation. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Anthropogenic

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Reconstructing stokes parameters from non-uniform division-of-focal-plane modulation

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Jiang, Zhaoxiang Wu, Shangquan Xu, Tan Bai, Chuanbiao Zhang, Qingchuan CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials Department of Modern Mechanics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230027 China

Division-of-focal-plane modulation is a powerful technique for real-time polarization imaging. This technique, however, suffers from the non-uniformity of the performance of linear polarization filters and photodetectors. We study the Stokes parameters reconstruction from the division-of-focal-plane modulation in the presence of the non-uniformity. Two reconstruction methods, named as least-squares and smoothing regularization methods, are proposed. The performance of the proposed methods are evaluated through Fourier analysis, numerical simulations, and experiments. The results indicate that the proposed methods can effectively mitigate the reconstruction errors and artifacts caused by the non-uniformity, and therefore may further facilitate the practical application of the division-of-focal-plane technique. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Focusing

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Tailoring structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of (Ti0.25Ta0.25Zr0.25Nb0.25-xLax)C high-entropy carbide ceramics via rare-earth La incorporation: A comprehensive first-principles study

引用

Ceramics International 2025年

作者： Wang, Zhipeng Yu, Zhaowen Zhang, Linkun Liu, Feng Huang, Lan Wang, Yan Tan, Liming Wang, Zi Ma, Li Tang, Pingying School of Materials Science and Engineering Dongguan University of Technology Guangdong Province Dongguan523808 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle Hunan University Hunan Province Changsha410082 China State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy Central South University Hunan Province Changsha410083 China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Information Materials and Intelligent Information Processing Nanning Normal University Guangxi Province Nanning530001 China

High-entropy carbide ceramics (HECCs) exhibit exceptional material properties, but their underlying physical mechanisms are underexplored. This study utilizes first-principles calculations to examine the influence of rare-earth La on the structural, mechanical, dislocation, and electronic properties of (Ti0.25Ta0.25Zr0.25Nb0.25-xLax)C (x = 0∼18.75 %) HECCs. Key parameters, including formation enthalpy, lattice distortion, elastic constants, mechanical modulus, and density of states, are systematically analyzed as a function of La content. Results show that La preferentially substitutes Nb sites, forming thermodynamically stable rock-salt structures. Increased La content induces severe lattice distortion, reduces resistance to bulk, elastic, and shear deformation, and enhances ductility while decreasing brittleness. La incorporation also lowers Vickers hardness and yield strength, weakening crack resistance. Notably, (Ti0.25Ta0.25Zr0.25Nb0.0625La0.1875)C exhibits minimal energy factors and maximum dislocation width, facilitating dislocation nucleation and twinning. A rightward shift and reduced peak heights in valence band of total density of states curves with increasing La content indicate enhanced electron delocalization and reduced brittleness. These findings highlight the potential of La substitution to tailor structural, mechanical, and electronic properties in (Ti0.25Ta0.25Zr0.25Nb0.25-xLax)C HECCs, offering insights for designing ductile HECCs. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

关键词： Vickers hardness

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