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Optimizing coagulant dosage using deep learning models with large-scale data

Chemosphere 2024年 350卷 140989页

作者： Kim, Jiwoong Hua, Chuanbo Kim, Kyoungpil Lin, Subin Oh, Gunhak Park, Mi-Hyun Kang, Seoktae Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon34141 Korea Republic of 200 Sintanjin-ro Daedeok-gu Deajeon34350 Korea Republic of Department of Industrial and System Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Korea Republic of Department of the Built Environment College of Design and Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Architecture Drive 117566 Singapore Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Dongguk University 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil Jung-gu Seoul04620 Korea Republic of

Water treatment plants are facing challenges that necessitate transition to automated processes using advanced technologies. This study introduces a novel approach to optimize coagulant dosage in water treatment processes by employing a deep learning model. The study utilized minute-by-minute data monitored in real time over a span of five years, marking the first attempt in drinking water process modeling to leverage such a comprehensive dataset. The deep learning model integrates a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (Conv1D) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) to effectively extract features and model complex time-series data. Initially, the model predicted coagulant dosage and sedimentation basin turbidity, validated against a physicochemical model. Subsequently, the model optimized coagulant dosage in two ways: 1) maintaining sedimentation basin turbidity below the 1.0 NTU guideline, and 2) analyzing changes in sedimentation basin turbidity resulting from reduced coagulant dosage (5–20%). The findings of the study highlight the effectiveness of the deep learning model in optimizing coagulant dosage with substantial reductions in coagulant dosage (approximately 22% reduction and 21 million KRW/year). The results demonstrate the potential of deep learning models in enhancing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of water treatment processes, ultimately facilitating process automation. © 2023

关键词： Turbidity

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Safety Assessment of Explosion Fragment Projection in a Wind Field

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Liu, Yinghui Peng, Qing Fan, Zhongze Zheng, Yonghuang Wang, Haifeng Wu, Dan Liu, Xiaoming Wei, Yueguang LNM Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center Gansu732750 China System Design Institute of Hubei Areospace Technology Academy Wuhan430040 China School of Engineering Science UCAS Beijing100049 China College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China

Risk assessment plays a crucial role in the arrangement design of storage vessels with flammable fuels or explosible chemicals. Underestimating the safety distance between vessels may lead to a domino catastrophe caused by scattered fragments from an unexpected explosion: an individual explosion resulting in a chain of explosions. In this work, we proposed a general mathematical model to study the fragment trajectory after explosion, with a focus on how the trajectory is affected by wind. Considering the wind effect in the proposed model, we predicted the fragment trajectory and probability distribution by solving the equations of motion for a projectile in the quadratic-resistant medium. Our results show that the maximum projection distance of the fragment varies linearly with the wind speed and increases nonlinearly with the explosion energy. Also, the derived probability distribution of scattering fragments aids in estimating safety distances between vessels with explosive fuel, providing a guideline for the risk assessment for vessel arrangement. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Probability distributions

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Ultrahigh Thermal Conductance of the Point Contact between Amorphous Nanowire

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Renzong Xiong, Yucheng Yang, Juekuan Liu, Zhichun Li, Shouhang Chen, Ge Liu, Xiangjun Institute of Micro/Nano Electromechanical System College of Mechanical Engineering Donghua University Shanghai201620 China School of Mechanical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments Southeast University Nanjing210096 China School of Energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

Amorphous interfaces/contacts are ubiquitous in numerous micro/nanoelectronic devices and functional composite materials. Traditionally, the thermal resistance of interfaces/contacts was believed to be the primary impediment to heat transport. However, in this study, through measuring thermal resistance between crystalline-amorphous core-shell Ge nanowires, we unveil an ultrahigh thermal conductance across the point contact between the amorphous shell of Ge nanowires with a room-temperature value of 892 MW/m2-K. This value surpasses the typical values observed in point contacts between crystalline nanowires/nanoribbons by one to three orders of magnitude and even exceeds that of epitaxial interfaces between well-lattice-matched materials. Molecular and lattice dynamic simulations further reveal that the observed ultrahigh thermal conductance is attributed to the broadened vibrational bandwidths within the amorphous contact, which facilitates the redistribution of phonon energy into a state conductive to more effective interfacial energy transmission, leading to an enhanced overlap of phonon modes and, consequently, a heightened thermal conductance. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heat conduction

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Protection Testing for Multiterminal High-voltage dc Grid: Procedures and Assessments (vol 14, pg 46, 2020)

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IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE 2020年第4期14卷 181-181页

作者： Liu, Z. Department of Energy Technology Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark School of Electrical Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST) Tehran Iran Electrical Power Engineering Technische Universiteit Delft The Netherlands System Design and Engineering ABB Sweden Electrical Engineering Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Switzerland School of Electrical Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Terhan Iran Electric Power Grids Technische Universiteit (TU) Delft The Netherlands Institute of Smart Power and Energy Systems University of Electronics Science and Technology of China Department of Energy Technology Aalborg University Denmark

eAssessment The application of multiterminal (MT), high-voltage dc (HVdc) (MTdc) grid technology requires test procedures for the operation and implementation of the protection solutions. The test procedures are usually derived from experience and from extensive measurement data, which, at present, are still not widely available. Based on a hardware-inthe- loop (HIL) method, advanced dc protection testing strategies, utilizing existing experience for ac grids and requirements for MTdc grids, may overcome this gap.

关键词： HVDC transmission Testing Circuit breakers Fault currents systematics Circuit faults

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Field-Harmonic-Oriented design of Vernier Permanent Magnet Machine Towards High Torque Density and Low Torque Ripple

Field-Harmonic-Oriented Design of Vernier Permanent Magnet M...

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International Conference on Electrical Machines and systems (ICEMS)

作者： Li Fang Dawei Li Yuanzhi Zhang Jiewen Wu School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China School of Electricla Engineering and Automation (Hubei Key Laboratory of Power Equipment and System Security for Integrated Energy) Wuhan University Wuhan China College of Design and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore

Vernier permanent magnet machine (VPMM) has been a promising candidate for low-speed large-torque applications owing to high torque density based on multiple-magnetic field-harmonics working principle However, rich field harmonics also cause large torque ripple, meanwhile the regular reducing methods will also undermine torque density. In this paper, the field-harmonic-oriented design approach is proposed for the VPMM towards high torque density and low torque ripple. Based on the permeance unit model, the mapping relationship between torque output and field harmonics is built. Explicit design regulations are established for the airgap structure so as to modulate the optimal field harmonics composition. Via the proposed method, a surface-mounted VPMM is purposely designed and the electromagnetic performance is verified by FEA. Finally, a prototype of the proposed machine has been manufactured and tested. Both analytical and experimental results validate the feasibility of the proposed design method.

关键词：

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On-road vehicle detection using support vector machine and decision tree classifications 20

On-road vehicle detection using support vector machine and d...

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6th International Conference on Engineering and MIS, ICEMIS 2020

作者： Ali, Asma Mustafa Eltarhouni, Wafa I. Bozed, Kenz A. Computer Science Department Faculty of Information Technology Benghazi University Jalo Libya Computer Science Department Faculty of Information Technology Benghazi University Benghazi Libya Computer System Design Department Faculty of Information Technology Benghazi University Benghazi Libya

ISBN: (纸本)9781450377362

On-road vehicle detection is a major part of various applications, such as driver assistance systems and auto-driving, and these systems need to detect vehicles robustly and accurately. This paper proposes a robust vehicle detection system to detect the front vehicles by using a single camera mounted on the car. The proposed system consists of two main steps, which are, hypotheses generation (HG) and hypotheses verification (HV). The first step is to find the candidate regions to the vehicles in the image. The guide to these regions is the shadow underneath the vehicle because it is always darker than the road surface. The system fits the generated regions with the width of the vehicle and reduces the number of hypotheses by calculating the entropy in two different ways. The second step is to verify whether the generated hypotheses contain a vehicle or not, and this done by Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) to extract the features. In designing the proposed system, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Decision Tree (DT) classifiers are used for classification. Experiments were conducted using the challenging GTI DATA database to ascertain the usefulness of the approaches. The methodology was evaluated against the state-of the-art and it was found that the proposed approaches produce outstanding results. © 2020 ACM.

关键词： Entropy

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PRELIMINARY NEUTRONIC/THERMAL-HYDRAULIC AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF PRESSURIZED WATER reactor LOADED WITH FULLY CERAMIC MICROENCAPSULATED FUEL

PRELIMINARY NEUTRONIC/THERMAL-HYDRAULIC AND SAFETY ASSESSMEN...

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2020 International Topical Meeting on Advances in Thermal Hydraulics, ATH 2020

作者： Wu, Di Gui, Minyang Zhang, Dalin Wang, Chenglong Wu, Yingwei Su, G.H. Qiu, Suizheng Tian, Wenxi Yang, Hongfa Peng, Jingyang Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an710049 China Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu610213 China Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China Beijing100082 China

ISBN: (纸本)9780894487774

As one of the accident tolerant fuels (ATFs), fully ceramic microencapsulated (FCM) fuel shows superior safety performance in accidents, which has the characteristics of high melting point, excellent heat transfer ability and strong nuclear proliferation resistance. Based on the neutronic analysis of Chinese advanced three loop pressurized water reactor (PWR), the assemblies and cores of FCM-SiC and UO2-Zr were designed, power distributions and cycle lengths were obtained, and the power was adjusted to ensure the annual refueling requirements. By using system analysis code, station blackout (SBO) accident in FCM-SiC and UO2-Zr was analyzed, where the steam-driven auxiliary feedwater (AFW) in secondary loop failed to be supplied in time. Assuming that the AFW system couldn't be put into operation immediately after accident, the critical time could be calculated, that is to say, fuel centerline temperature (FCT) and peak cladding temperature (PCT) wouldn't exceed corresponding limits during accident once the AFW was provided within the critical time. It is found that the critical time of FCM-SiC is 9000s and higher than that of UO2-Zr (7000s), which shows the advantages of ATFs. This work could provide reference for the optimized design of the reactor safety system in the future. © ATH 2020 - International Topical Meeting on Advances in Thermal *** rights reserved.

关键词： Silicon carbide

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Nonstoichiometric Protic Ionic Liquids for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Capture

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wang, Litian Chen, Jie Li, Dan Li, Cuiping Qian, Lirong Xiong, Yang Xie, Zhiyong Wang, Shuai Zhou, Tongyao Gai, Baojia Wang, Yinuo Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic and Communication Devices School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin300384 China School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin300384 China Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin300384 China National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education Tianjin University of Technology China Tianjin Bohua Yongli Chemical Industry CO. Ltd Tianjin30045 China

Protic ionic liquids (PILs) have emerged as promising solvents for CO2 capture, offering great potential for the development of efficient CO2 absorbents. Understanding the relationship between the PILs’ structures and CO2absorption mechanisms is instructive for advancing their applicability. Herein, an innovative strategy for CO2 capture using nonstoichiometric PILs was demonstrated for the first time. These nonstoichiometric PILs composed of imidazole (Im) as a Brønsted acid and 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) as a Brønsted base with various ratios. They exhibited both low viscosities and remarkable CO2 loading capacities, reaching up to 0.194 g CO2 /g IL and 1.42 mol CO2 /mol IL at 0.1 atm and 40 °C. The distribution of neutral and ionic species in these nonstoichiometric PILs was determined using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and nuclear magnetic (NMR) spectroscopy analysis. Correlations between the mole ratio of Brønsted acid and base and the viscosities, conductivities, and CO2 absorption properties were observed. The mechanism of CO2 absorption was proposed from the spectral results and DFT calculations. The superior CO2 loading ability of these PILs can be attributed to the formation of the zwitterionic carbamic complexes through interactions between CO2 and the N atom in DBU. Additionally, the presentence of Im significantly avoided the dramatic increase in the viscosity of the absorbents during CO2 absorption. It is believed that the new insights into the CO2 mechanism will facilitate the rational design of PILs for CO2 capture in the future. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Hamiltonian Dynamics and Targeted Energy Transfer of a Grounded Bistable Nonlinear Energy Sink

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Li, Shuangbao Zhou, Xinxing Chen, Jianen Research Institute of Science and Technology Civil Aviation University of China Tianjin300300 China College of Science Civil Aviation University of China Tianjin300300 China Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin300384 China

A two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear mechanical system describing a damped linear oscillator weakly coupled to a lightweight grounded bistable nonlinear energy sink is proposed to investigate the targeted energy transfer (TET) under asymmetric local nonlinear potentials. The Bogdanov-Takens bifurcations of equilibria are discussed to reflect the bistable and asymmetric characteristics of the system. Through projections of isoenergetic manifolds, the topological features of the Hamiltonian dynamics under $1:1$ internal resonance have been investigated, which induces conditions for energy localization and exchange. In the general case, the topological features of the Hamiltonian dynamics related to the nonlinear normal modes (NNMs) are classified by the Poincare map, the relations between the NNMs and the Hamiltonian dynamics have been interpreted through the frequency energy plots. The results show that introducing the asymmetric characteristics may enhance the TET and realize the complete TET. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Degrees of freedom (mechanics)

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A Service-Environment-Oriented Shape Reconstruction Method of Vehicle-borne Active Phased Array Antenna

A Service-Environment-Oriented Shape Reconstruction Method o...

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2021 CIE International Conference on Radar, Radar 2021

作者： Xu, Pengying Xu, Xiaoxian Wang, Yan Teng, Yucheng Wang, Congsi Ge, Dongming Kang, Mingkui Yuan, Shuai Wang, Xuezi Xidian University Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design Ministry of Education Xi'an China School of Information and Control Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an China Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering Beijing China No.771 Institute of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Xi'an China China Electronics Technology Group Corporation No.38 Research Institute Hefei China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665498142

Modern electronic equipment has been moving towards large scale and increased complexity. Affected by such factors as complex working environments, the performance of a large number of structures in engineering is degraded or even destroyed. Therefore, structure shape estimation is of great significance. The complexity of the structure, however, makes it impossible for a single deformation evaluation algorithm to evaluate the structure comprehensively and accurately. In this paper, a modal-approximate curve (M-AC) method, using a small amount of strain data, is proposed for block shape estimation of structures. Three typical wind load experiments are carried out on the finite element model (FEM) of the vehicle-borne active phased array antenna, and the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified. Under the wind speed of 28 (m/s), the deformation of antenna front is 104.70 mm and the estimation accuracy of the M-AC method is 87.43%, which is 16.47% higher than that of the modal approach. The results indicate that the estimated displacement is consistent well with the simulation results of the finite element method. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： active phased array antenna Fiber Bragg grating mode shapes sensor shape estimation

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