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CONCEPTUAL design OF AN OFFSHORE PATROL BOAT

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1987年第1期99卷 70-82页

作者： COHEN, SH GHOSH, D DODGE, WB MCEACHEN, W Steven H. Cohen:is head of the Coast Guard's Boat Technical Section which is responsible for the design and alteration of patrol boats self-righting rescue craft buoy boats utility boats and other special purpose craft. Since joining the Coast Guard in 1980 Mr. Cohen has been involved in a wide variety of small craft design and construction projects and several research projects. Formerly with Hydronautics Inc. he participated in various aspects of ship research and small craft prototypes. Mr. Cohen is a graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the State University of New York Maritime College. He holds a Coast Guard Marine Engineer's license and is a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers and the American Boat and Yacht Council. Debabrata Ghosh:is a senior naval architect in the Coast Guard's Boat Technical Section and is currently engaged in the preliminary design of the fully capable patrol boat and the 47-ft self-righting motor life boat. Mr. Ghosh received a B. Tech. (Honors) in naval architecture from the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India and an MBA from the Tulane School of Business. He has been involved with small craft design for over 10 years. His past experience at MonArk Boat Co. and Dravo Steelship Corp. includes the design of various workboats pilot boats crew boats and utility boats. Mr. Ghosh has also been involved with the design of jack ups semi-submersibles and self-elevating workover barges at Korkut Engineers Inc. and Carlos Monje Inc. He is a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers and the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. William B. Dodge:is a senior naval architect in the Coast Guard's Boat Technical Section. Mr. Dodge has been with the section for over 18 years and his work includes machinery arrangements and configuration studies for new designs and design details for changes on existing craft. Mr. Dodge was also with the Coast Guard's Design Branch Machi

The U.S. Coast Guard's multimission patrol boats are rapidly approaching the end of their useful service life. Conventional and advanced designs are being assessed as potential replacements. The paper presents the conventional design which is based on modern, well-proven patrol boat design practices and technologies. The principal features and performance characteristics of the design are highlighted. Also described are the specific mission requirements, the general design philosophy, and important design objectives including seakeeping performance, survivability, habitability and safety. Other objectives discussed in the paper include improved producibili-ty and reduced maintenance requirements to minimize life cycle cost.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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Affordability, logistics R&D and fleet systems

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1996年第3期108卷 199-213页

作者： Schulte, DP Skolnick, A He has supported the development and operation of several naval systems including advanced component selection for Trident II fire control and navigation systems. He served as branch manager of the Surface Ship ASW Combat System Branch which acted as the acquisition engineering agent for the AN/SQQ-89 Surface Ship Anti-Submarine Warfare Weapon System. He was then selected to manage the Module Engineering Department which provided engineering support to numerous naval systems including the AN/BSY-1 Submarine Combat System and the Trident II fire control and navigation system. He then served as the deputy program manager for NAVSEA Progressive Maintenance (2M/ATE). He holds a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Purdue University and currently is pursuing a Maste's degree in Public Environmental Affairs at Indiana University—Purdue University Indianapolis. He served at Applied Physics Laboratory/The Johns Hopkins University in missile development then aboard USS Boston (CAG-1) and played leading roles in several weapon system developments (Regulus Terrier Tartar Talos) inertial navigation (Polaris) deep submergence (DSRV) and advanced ship designs (SES). He later was director Combat System Integration Naval Sea Systems Command and head Combat Projects Naval Ship Engineering Center. He led the Navy's High Energy Lasers and Directed Energy Weapons development efforts. He was vice president advanced technology at Operations Research Inc. and vice president maritime engineering at Defense Group Inc. before starting SSC in 1991. Dr. Skolnick holds a B.S. degree in Mathematics and Economics Queens College an M.A. degree in Mathematics and Philosophy Columbia University an M.S. degree in Electrical/Aeronautical Engineering U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics from Polytechnic University in New York. He is the author of many published papers on engineering design issues source selection procedures and large-scale complex technology problems

The Fleet continues to require high performance systems that can operate with dependability in the seas' unforgiving environments and under hostile action. Those demands are not new. What has changed is the urgent priority formerly assigned to national defense issues. The arguments for continued superpower military strength are now roiled in politics along with unsettled budgets and uncertain force level projections. Current expectations revolve about indefinite fiscal and operational issues (difficult funding constraints and broadband threats). In the actual event of ''doing more with less,'' a practical response is to apply the creative power available from sound engineering judgement and the crucible of experience to the immediate needs of the Fleet. The attempt to shorten the path between advanced development effort and Fleet use has been tried occasionally in the past, often, without exemplary results. The Sustainable Hardware and Affordable Readiness Practices (SHARP) program, is a generic R&D effort under OpNav sponsorship that has been working steadily on sensible solutions to product engineering problems. Armed today with fast-time, large-scale computation abilities and modern tools for technical problem solving coupled with specialized engineering knowledge, it has been refreshed and is underway satisfying existing Fleet needs. The relationship between fully responsive engineering services and current operational needs is always demanding. The connection between advanced engineering development (6.3 category funds) and immediate Fleet usage brings added complexity and challenge, both technical and organizational. Illustrative examples of affordable engineering solutions to ''retain, revise, replace or retire'' questions are presented within the context of both Fleet realities and budgetary limitations. The discussion covers legacy system support, civil/military considerations and Fleet maintenance issues. It describes the substantial and critical payoffs i

关键词： Warships

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Current nuclear data needs for applications

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Physical Review Research 2022年第2期4卷 021001-021001页

作者： Karolina Kolos Vladimir Sobes Ramona Vogt Catherine E. Romano Michael S. Smith Lee A. Bernstein David A. Brown Mary T. Burkey Yaron Danon Mohamed A. Elsawi Bethany L. Goldblum Lawrence H. Heilbronn Susan L. Hogle Jesson Hutchinson Ben Loer Elizabeth A. McCutchan Matthew R. Mumpower Ellen M. O'Brien Catherine Percher Patrick N. Peplowski Jennifer J. Ressler Nicolas Schunck Nicholas W. Thompson Andrew S. Voyles William Wieselquist Michael Zerkle Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore California 94550 USA Department of Nuclear Engineering University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Davis California 95516 USA IB3 Global Solutions Oak Ridge Tennessee 37830 USA Physics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA University of California Department of Nuclear Engineering Berkeley California 94720 USA Nuclear Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA National Nuclear Data Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 USA Design Physics Division Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore California 94550 USA Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering 110 8th Street Troy New York 12180 USA Signature Science and Technology Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 USA Xe-Mobile Division X-Energy LLC Rockville Maryland 20852 USA Radioisotope Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA NEN-2 Advanced Nuclear Technology Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA Chemistry Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA Nuclear Criticality Safety Division Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore California 94550 USA Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Laurel Maryland 20723 USA Nuclear Energy and Fuel Cycle Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA Reactor Technology Department Naval Nuclear Laboratory West Mifflin Pennsylvania 15122 USA

Accurate nuclear data provide an essential foundation for advances in a wide range of fields, including nuclear energy, nuclear safety and security, safeguards, nuclear medicine, and planetary and space exploration. In these and other critical domains, outdated, imprecise, and incomplete nuclear data can hinder progress, limit precision, and compromise safety. Similar nuclear data needs are shared by many applications, thus prioritizing these needs is especially important and urgently needed. Many levels of analysis are required to prepare nuclear measurements for employment in end-user applications. Because research expertise is typically limited to one level, collaboration across organizations and international borders is essential. This perspective piece provides the latest advances in nuclear data for applications and describes an outlook for both near- and long-term progress in the field.

关键词： Nuclear engineering Nuclear reactors Quantum computation Monte Carlo methods Nuclear data analysis & compilation

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A novel Skin lesion prediction and classification technique: ViT-GradCAM

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Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) 2024年第9期30卷 e70040页

作者： Muhammad Shafiq Kapil Aggarwal Jagannathan Jayachandran Gayathri Srinivasan Rajasekhar Boddu Adugna Alemayehu School of Information Engineering Qujing Normal University Qujing China. Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensor and System Design College of Information Engineering Qujing Normal University Qujing China. Department of CSE Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Vaddeswaram Andhra Pradesh India. Department of Software and Systems Engineering School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Katpadi Vellore India. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India. Department of AIML Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology Bachupally Hyderabad India. Lecturer in Software Engineering Wachemo University Hosaina Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND:Skin cancer is one of the highly occurring diseases in human life. Early detection and treatment are the prime and necessary points to reduce the malignancy of infections. Deep learning techniques are supplementary tools to assist clinical experts in detecting and localizing skin lesions. Vision transformers (ViT) based on image segmentation classification using multiple classes provide fairly accurate detection and are gaining more popularity due to legitimate multiclass prediction capabilities. MATERIALS AND METHODS:In this research, we propose a new ViT Gradient-Weighted Class Activation Mapping (GradCAM) based architecture named ViT-GradCAM for detecting and classifying skin lesions by spreading ratio on the lesion's surface area. The proposed system is trained and validated using a HAM 10000 dataset by studying seven skin lesions. The database comprises 10 015 dermatoscopic images of varied sizes. The data preprocessing and data augmentation techniques are applied to overcome the class imbalance issues and improve the model's performance. RESULT:The proposed algorithm is based on ViT models that classify the dermatoscopic images into seven classes with an accuracy of 97.28%, precision of 98.51, recall of 95.2%, and an F1 score of 94.6, respectively. The proposed ViT-GradCAM obtains better and more accurate detection and classification than other state-of-the-art deep learning-based skin lesion detection models. The architecture of ViT-GradCAM is extensively visualized to highlight the actual pixels in essential regions associated with skin-specific pathologies. CONCLUSION:This research proposes an alternate solution to overcome the challenges of detecting and classifying skin lesions using ViTs and GradCAM, which play a significant role in detecting and classifying skin lesions accurately rather than relying solely on deep learning models.

关键词： Grad‐CAM Multi‐Headed Self attention (MSA) linear patch projection multilayer perceptron (MLP) skin lesion transformer encoder vision transformer (ViT)

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COMPUTER AIDS FOR SHIP design, INTEGRATION AND CONTROL

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 73-87页

作者： CARLSON, CM JOHNSON, RA HELMING, FW Mr. Craig M. Carlson received his B.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1970 and began his career with the Department of the Navy at the Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC). In 1972. he returned to the University of Michigan under the NAVSEC Long Term Training Program and received his M.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering. After returning to the Ship Arrangements Branch at NAVSEC. he was assigned as Task Leader for General Arrangements for the PGG PCG PHM. and MCM ship designs and was awarded Outstanding Performance Awards in 1974 and 1975. In addition he was Manager of the Arrangement Subsystem of the Navy's Computer-Aided Ship Design and Construction Program (CASDAC). In October 1979. he became Manager of the CASDAC Hull Design System. Currently. he also is enrolled in the M.S. of Computer Science Program at Johns Hopkins University. Mr. Carlson previously has presented technical papers at ASNE Day 1974 and 1978 as well as at the 1979 DOD Manufacturing Technology Advisory Group Conference. Besides ASNE. which he joined in 1972. he is a member of SNAME. ASE. and the U.S. Naval Institute. Mr. Robert A. Johnson is a Naval Architect in Surface Combatants Design (SEA 03D3). Ship Design Integration Directorate Naval Sea Systems Command. He received an Associate in Engineering degree in Drafting and Design Technology in 1959. his B.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering in 1965. and his M.S. degree in Engineering Mechanics in 1970. all from the Pennsylvania State University. In 1973. he was selected for the NA VSEC Hull Division s Long Term Training Program at the University of Michigan subsequently receiving his M.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture in 1974. Mr. Johnson began his career with the Ordnance Research Laboratory at Pennsylvania State University in 1959 where he worked. on the design of hydroelastic submarine models and conducted research in the area of flow induced structural vibrations. In 1967 he joined HRB-Singer at State Colle

This paper presents an integrated approach to Computer-Aided Ship design for U.S. Navy preliminary and contract design. An integrated Hull design system (HDS), currently under development by the Hull Group of the Naval Sea systems Command (NAVSEA 32). is the vehicle for the discussion. This paper is directed toward practicing ship design professionals and the managers of the ship design process. Primary emphasis of this paper, and of the development effort currently under way, is on aiding ship design professionals in their work. Focus is on integration and management control of the extremely complex set of processes which make up naval ship design. The terminology of the Ship designer and design Manager is used. The reader needs no familiarity with the technologies of computer science.

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Assessment of unutilized woody biomass energy and the cost and greenhouse gas emissions of woody biomass power plants in Hokkaido, Japan

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Cleaner Energy systems 2023年 6卷

作者： Ono, Ryoga Fukuda, Yoichiro Fujii, Masahiko Yamagata, Yoshiki Department of Management Science and Technology Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University 6-6-11-815 Aramaki Aza Aoba Aoba-ku Miyagi Sendai 980-8579 Japan Research Institute of Energy Environment and Geology Hokkaido Research Organization Kita19-jo Nishi11-chome Kita-ku Hokkaido Sapporo 060-0819 Japan International Coastal Research CenterAtmosphere and Ocean Research Institute The University of Tokyo 1-19-8 Akahama Iwate Otsuchi 028-1102 Japan Graduate School of System Design and Management Keio University 4-1-1 Hiyoshi Kohoku-ku Kanagawa Yokohama 223-8526 Japan

With the adoption of the Paris Agreement at the 21st Conference of the Parties organized under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 2015, many countries agreed to increase their efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The introduction of renewable energy is expected to reduce emissions in the electricity and heat use sectors, where emissions are particularly high. Among renewable energies, woody biomass energy is attracting attention as a stable, largescale source of power;however, this energy source must be used sustainably because it originates from forests, which also absorb CO₂. In Japan, the quantity of power generated using woody biomass energy is increasing each year, but only a small percentage of the woody feedstock is derived from domestic sources. In this study, we estimated the unutilized woody biomass energy potential in Hokkaido, Japan, then modeled the GHG emissions and costs of using woody biomass in a large-scale woody biomass power plant. Both costs and GHG emissions increased as increasing proportions of unutilized wood were used as feedstock. Compared with the cost per unit of electricity generated for a woody biomass power plant in Japan (29.8 JPY·kWh^-¹), the cost of using only unutilized wood was estimated to be 38.6–127 JPY·kWh^-1. Assuming that woody biomass energy is not carbon-neutral, the GHG emissions generated by wood combustion were 1.30–1.41 kg-CO₂ eq·kWh^-1, which were larger than the GHG emissions from coal-fired power plants. For unutilized thinned lumber and forest residues, the costs per unit of heat value and the GHG emissions associated with the use of tractors for lumber collection were higher than the costs and GHG emissions associated with other machinery;these costs and emissions increased along with increases in the amount of wood used. The costs per unit of heat and GHG emissions from the trucks used for transporting prunings

关键词： Forest growth GHG emissions Japan Power plant life cycle Utilization cost Woody biomass

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AIR-CUSHION LANDING CRAFT NAVIGATION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第4期97卷 248-260页

作者： GRAHAM, HR KIM, JC BAND, EGU FOWLER, AW Herbert R. Graham:received his degrees of B.S. in 1951 and M.S. in 1958 in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the California Institute of Technology respectively. He also attended the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration. He is presently a task manager at TRW Inc. McLean Virginia responsible for landing craft air cushion (LCAC) engineering support. Since joining TRW in 1967 he has had several technical project management and system engineering responsibilities in amphibious ships transportation and energy. He was responsible for the preliminary engineering design and cost estimates for tracked air cushion vehicles (TACVs). He has been active in several professional societies including ASNE and served as vice-chairman Los Angeles Section American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. John C. Kim:received his degrees of B.S. in electrical engineering Tri-State University 1959 M.S. in electrical engineering Michigan State University 1960 and Ph.D. in electrical engineering Michigan State University. He is presently a senior staff engineer with TRW Inc. McLean Virginia where his technical experience has included communications system engineering and navigation system analysis. Since joining TRW in 1969 he has held numerous positions including section head project manager and department manager. His previous employment includes E-Systems/Melpar Division and Honeywell. Dr. Kim has been active in the IEEE Washington Chapter activities which included secretary vice-chairman and chairman of Systems Science and Cybernetics Group. Edward G.U. Band:received a B.S. degree in mechnical engineering in 1946 and a D.I.C in aeronautical engineering in 1947 at the City and Guilds College of London University. In 1951 he received an M.S. degree from Stevens Institute of Technology in fluid dynamics. After a career in the aircraft industry in England Canada and the U.S.A. he spent several years teaching in Chile and at Webb Institute of Naval Archi

Air cushion vehicles (ACVs) have operated successfully on commercial routes for about twenty years. The routes are normally quite short; the craft are equipped with radar and radio navigation aids and maintain continuous contact with their terminals. Navigation of these craft, therefore, does not present any unusual difficulty. The introduction of air cushion vehicles into military service, however, can present a very different picture, especially when external navigation aids are not available and the craft must navigate by dead reckoning. This paper considers the problems involved when navigating a high-speed air cushion vehicle by dead reckoning in conditions of poor visibility. A method is presented to assess the ACV's navigational capability under these circumstances. A figure of merit is used to determine the sensitivity of factors which affect navigation such as the range of visibility, point-to-point distance, speed, turning radius and accuracy of onboard equipment. The method provides simplistic but adequate answers and can be used effectively to compare the-capability and cost of alternative navigation concepts.

关键词： AIR CUSHION VEHICLES

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Coordinated Health Care Interventions for Childhood Asthma Gaps in Outcomes (CHICAGO) plan

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Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global 2023年第3期2卷 100100-100100页

作者： Krishnan, Jerry A. Margellos-Anast, Helen Kumar, Rajesh Africk, Joel J. Berbaum, Michael Bracken, Nina Chen, Yi-Fan DeLisa, Julie Erwin, Kim Ignoffo, Stacy Illendula, Sai Dheeraj Kim, Hajwa Lohff, Cortland MacTavish, Tom Martin, Molly A. Mosnaim, Giselle S. Nguyen, Hannah Norell, Sarah Nyenhuis, Sharmilee M. Paik, S. Margaret Pittsenbarger, Zachary Press, Valerie G. Sculley, Jennifer Thompson, Trevonne M. Zun, Leslie Gerald, Lynn B. McDermott, Michael Ali, Sana Flores, Janet Gantiwala, Shahina Goralski, Carmen Ortega, Jacqueline Wilson, Isabelle Damitz, Maureen Massaquoi, David Soyemi, Kenneth Senko, Thomas McMahon, Kate Codispoti, Christopher Kramer, Jane Malik, Rabia Manning, Pamela Avila, Jeanette Padron, Fatima Ramsay, Jessica Saiyed, Nazia Schwindt, Tala Seals, Gloria Butters, Susannah Hull, Ashley Kim, John Stevenson, Crystal Twu, Nicole Woodrick, Nicole Buenrostro, Jennifer Castro, Lauren De La Torre-Dorado, David Edwards, Dameka Frye, Alexander Grabarek, Maciej Perez, Melissa Morales- Bender, Bruce Ducharme, Francine Hurdle, Sheri Li, Xue Okelo, Sande Office of the Vice Chancellor for Health Affairs University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Ill Department of Medicine University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Ill Sinai Urban Health Institute Sinai Health System Chicago Ill Department of Pediatrics Northwestern University and Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Chicago Ill Respiratory Health Association Chicago Ill Center for Clinical and Translational Science University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Ill Chicago Department of Public Health Chicago Ill Institute of Design Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago Ill Department of Pediatrics University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Ill Department of Medicine NorthShore University Health System Chicago Ill Department of Pediatrics University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital Chicago Ill Department of Medicine University of Chicago Medicine Chicago Ill Department of Emergency Medicine Cook County Health and Hospitals System Chicago Ill Department of Emergency Medicine University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Ill Department of Emergency Medicine and Psychiatry Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science Chicago Medical School Chicago Ill Illinois Emergency Department Asthma Surveillance Project Chicago Ill

Background: Evidence-based strategies to improve outcomes in minority children with uncontrolled asthma discharged from the emergency department (ED) are needed. Objectives: This multicenter pragmatic clinical trial was designed to compare an ED-only intervention (decision support tool), an ED-only intervention and home visits by community health workers for 6 months (ED-plus-home), and enhanced usual care (UC). Methods: Children aged 5 to 11 years with uncontrolled asthma were enrolled. The change over 6 months in the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information system Asthma Impact Scale score in children and Satisfaction with Participation in Social Roles score in caregivers were the primary outcomes. The secondary outcomes included guideline-recommended ED discharge care and self-management. Results: Recruitment was significantly lower than expected (373 vs 640 expected). Of the 373 children (64% Black and 31% Latino children), only 63% completed the 6-month follow-up visit. In multivariable analyses that accounted for missing data, the adjusted odds ratios and 98% CIs for differences in Asthma Impact Scores or caregivers’ Satisfaction with Participation in Social Roles scores were not significant. However, guideline-recommended ED discharge care was significantly improved in the intervention groups versus in the UC group, and self-management behaviors were significantly improved in the ED-plus-home group versus in the ED-only and UC groups. Conclusions: The ED-based interventions did not significantly improve the primary clinical outcomes, although the study was likely underpowered. Although guideline-recommended ED discharge care and self-management did improve, their effect on clinical outcomes needs further study. © 2023 The Author(s)

关键词： asthma community health worker emergency department Pragmatic clinical trial

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Regulating Exposed Facets of Metal-Organic Frameworks for High-rate Alkaline Aqueous Zinc Batteries

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Angewandte Chemie 2022年第47期134卷

作者： Shuo Yang Haiming Lv Yanbo Wang Xun Guo Lingzhi Zhao Hongfei Li Chunyi Zhi Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan Guangdong 523808 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue Hong Kong China Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Low Carbon and Advanced Energy Materials Institute of Semiconductor Science and Technology South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 China School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 China Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have drawn growing attention as promising electrode candidates for rechargeable batteries. However, most studies focus on the direct use of MOF electrodes without any modification. Post-synthetic modification, a judicious tool to modify targeted properties of MOFs, has been long-neglected in the field of batteries. Herein, crystal-facet engineering is proposed to design MOF-based electrodes with high capacity and fast electrochemical kinetics. We found that a thermally-modified strategy can regulate the dominant exposed facet of Ni-based MOF (PFC-8). With the optimally exposed facets, the battery exhibited admirable rate capability (139.4 mAh g −1 at 2.5 A g −1 and 110.0 mAh g −1 at 30 A g −1 ) and long-term stability. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations demonstrate that stronger OH − adsorption behaviors and optimized electronic structures induced by the regulated exposed facets boost the electrochemical performance.

关键词： Aqueous Zinc Batteries Facets Metal–Organic Frameworks Superior Rate Capability

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On intrinsic point defect cluster formation during Czochralski crystal growth

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physica status solidi c 2009年第8期6卷

作者： Jan Vanhellemont Piotr Spiewak Koji Sueoka Igor Romandic Umicore Ludwiki 4 01-226 Warsaw Poland Materials Design Division Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Warsaw University of Technology Wołoska 141 02-507 Warsaw Poland Department of System Engineering Okayama Prefectural University111 Kuboki Soja Okayama 719-1197 Japan Umicore EOM Watertorenstraat 33 2250 Olen Belgium

Progress in characterizing, understanding and controlling intrinsic point defect generation and clustering during Cz growth of single crystals is discussed. It is shown that intrinsic point defects in Si and Ge behave quite similar and that the observed clustering behaviour can be understood taking into account the impact of extrinsic point defects, doping and strain on the formation, recombination and diffusivity of the intrinsic point defects in both materials. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

关键词： 61.72.Ff 61.72.jd 61.72.jj 61.72.Qq 61.72.uf

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