A turning point occurred in naval engineering in 1972 when the U.S. N avy chose to use marine gas turbines for the propulsion of its new SPRUANCE and PERRY Class ships. This paper reviews the more than twenty years of...
A turning point occurred in naval engineering in 1972 when the U.S. N avy chose to use marine gas turbines for the propulsion of its new SPRUANCE and PERRY Class ships. This paper reviews the more than twenty years of experience with turbine technology and its design integration into combat ships needed to make that decision. It is concluded that the availability of a good second generation aircraft derivative engine with proven reliability and a strong commercial base, i.e., the LM-2500, was as important to the decision as was the predicted improved ship effectiveness and cost benefits. This paper discusses improvements that can be made to the twin engine, single gear, single propeller shaft system. Focusing only on this mechanical transmission concept, it addresses the impact of possible improvements to the engine, gear, and shafting. In particular, the paper discusses current LM-2500 related R&D efforts to: (a) obtain improved part-power fuel rates, (b) integrate with a reversing reduction gear, and (c) add on a waste heat recovery steam cycle. Looking ahead to the year 2000, this paper suggests that a successor to the ubiquitous LM-2500 will appear in the 15 MW power range to provide the next step in the evolution of the twin engine package. This new naval engine will most likely be based on an aircraft core that exists at present, such that it will have demonstrated its reliability and commercial potential through many hours of testing prior to its mid-1990 marine conversion. This new engine is expected to offer improved air flow, an excellent fuel rate (approaching a flat 0.30 LB/HP-HR), and effective maintenance monitoring, all at some expense in size, weight, and cost. The year 2000 engine will burn a liquid hydrocarbon fuel similar to JP-5 because of its aircraft origins. Combined with advances in gear and shafting technology, the full twin engine propulsion system of the year 2000 should be markedly lighter, smaller, and more efficient than today's units.
In reactivating the battleship New Jersey , the Navy faced three major problems. The baseline data on the ship was not readily available or reliable, a new generation cruise missile armament was proposed, and the ship...
In reactivating the battleship New Jersey , the Navy faced three major problems. The baseline data on the ship was not readily available or reliable, a new generation cruise missile armament was proposed, and the ship delivery schedule was very tight. After doing a feasibility study, systemdesign engineers were taken onboard the mothballed ship to resolve the design problems. Being on the ship allowed an intensive effort and immediate reference to the actual ship configuration. The tools used to control this effort were a ship check plan, a ship check form and the master arrangement drawing. Simultaneously with the design effort, a repair scoping effort was conducted. The design evolution and solutions to the major problems are described. The results of the New Jersey effort are shown with sample documentation, the ship characteristics and the downstream design effort. The Iowa was the next ship to be modernized. The top level requirements were the same as New Jersey's but new problems were encountered. More options were investigated which diverted attention from the basic effort. A fundamental difference was the Iowa had not had a 1968 reactivation as the New Jersey had, so items that were repair and reactivation on the New Jersey in 1968 had to be part of the Iowa modernization. A major influence on the Iowa design process was that a complete set of specifications for a private yard bid had to be developed. The next effort was to install the same New Jersey modernization payload on a Des Moines class heavy cruiser. Heavy cruisers are large ships but significantly smaller than battleships and much closer to their naval architectural limits of weight and center of gravity. They have much less topside area than the battleships, and the new payload was very topside space consuming. The cruisers are also much more restricted in internal volume. Two feasibility studies were conducted. One resolved volume problems but approached the weight and center of gravity limits.
To meet energy conservation goals of the U.S. Navy, its attention has been focused on ways to reduce individual ship total resistance and powering requirements. One possible method of improving ship powering character...
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To meet energy conservation goals of the U.S. Navy, its attention has been focused on ways to reduce individual ship total resistance and powering requirements. One possible method of improving ship powering characteristics is by modifying existing individual ship hulls with the addition of bulbous bows. This paper will identify the merits of retrofitting bow bulbs on selected U.S. Navy auxiliary and amphibious warfare ships. A procedure for performing a cost-benefit analysis will be shown for candidate ship classes. An example of this technique for an amphibious warfare ship will also be provided. A brief discussion of future methods to be used for bulbous bow design such as application of systematic model test data and numerical hydrodynamic techniques will be given.
A ship design methodology is presented for developing hull forms that attain improved performance in both seakeeping and resistance. Contrary to traditional practice, the methodology starts with developing a seakeepin...
A ship design methodology is presented for developing hull forms that attain improved performance in both seakeeping and resistance. Contrary to traditional practice, the methodology starts with developing a seakeeping-optimized hull form without making concessions to other performance considerations, such as resistance. The seakeeping-optimized hull is then modified to improve other performance characteristics without degrading the seakeeping. Presented is a point-design example produced by this methodology. Merits of the methodology and the point design are assessed on the basis of theoretical calculations and model experiments. This methodology is an integral part of the Hull Form designsystem (HFDS) being developed for computer-supported naval ship design. The modularized character of HFDS and its application to hull form development are discussed.
作者:
David G. SlearRobert L. LongJames D. JonesF. S. GiacobbeGPU Nuclear
Parsippany N.J. 07054 In 1974
David Slear joined General Public Utilities Nuclear Corp. where his responsibilities included the design review of components for new nuclear power plants and troubleshooting component failures both in nuclear power and fossil plants in the GPU System. In 1978 he was promoted to Preliminary Engineering Manager and was responsible for coordinating the preparation of design criteria for several coal-fired plants and combustion turbines to be installed throughout the 1980s. Immediately following the TMI-2 accident
he was placed in charge of coordinating the establishment of criteria and the design for numerous modifications that were perceived to be required in order to maintain core cooling and a stable safe shutdown condition for the TMI-2 reactor. Subsequently he was promoted to Manager of TMI Engineering Projects which involved establishing the criteria and coordinating the engineering for the numerous modifications required to TMI-1 as a result of the Lessons Learned from the accident at TMI-2. He holds a B.S. Degree in Mechanical Engineering and an M.S. Degree in Mechanical Engineering.Since April 1982
Robert L. Long has been Vice President and Director of the Nuclear Assurance Division of the GPU Nuclear Corp. This includes responsibilities for the Quality Assurance Department the Nuclear Safety Assessment Department the Training & Education Directorate and the Emergency Preparedness Department. Joining GPU in 1978 he has been actively involved with Three Mile Island recovery and restart activities since the spring of 1979. From February 1980 through March 1982 he served as Director–Training & Education for GPU Nuclear. He holds the B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Bucknell University and the M.S.E. and Ph.D. degrees in Nuclear Engineering from Purdue University. He has written numerous publications and has presented lectures on “energy and the environment” issues all over the United States and in Southeast Asia. Since joining GPU Nuclear Corpo
作者:
WINTER, DBCARSTENSEN, RVMr. Dale B. Winter:was graduated from the University of Washington in 1979
with a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering. He began his professional career at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in the Radar Systems installation design division of the Electronics Application Branch. Mr. Winter is currently assigned lead responsibility for the Pilot Shipyard EMI Control project at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. Mr. Russell V. Carstensen:was graduated from the University of Washington in 1968
with a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering. He began his professional career at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard as a radar system installation designer and eventually was assigned as Project Engineer for Radio Communication and Navigation Systems. His current position is General Manager of Electromagnetic Technology Inc. headquartered in Springfield VA. Mr. Carstensen is the author of numerous technical papers topics covering a wide spectrum on various aspects of shipbuilding and repair. Several of these papers have been published in theNaval Engineers Journal.He is also a member of ASNE and served as chairman of the ASNE sponsored symposium on shipbuilding and repair which was held in Seattle in September 1981. Mr. Carstensen is a registered engineer in the state of Washington.
This paper begins with a discussion of activities toward institutionalization of the control of electromagnetic interference (EMI) during the ship overhaul through the Pilot Shipyard portion of WCAP. The discussion co...
This paper begins with a discussion of activities toward institutionalization of the control of electromagnetic interference (EMI) during the ship overhaul through the Pilot Shipyard portion of WCAP. The discussion covers such practices as development of training and awareness material, development of standardized documentation to support shipyard activities, establishment of individual ship files of known problems, provision of technical assistance to other shipyards in the resolution of known EMI problems and investigation and development of new installation techniques and processes to insure an extended life span for EMI control hardware installed on board ship. This is in turn followed by a discussion of improvement in pre-overhaul planning, improvements in existing specifications and standards, the development of model studies and improvements in ships force maintenance procedures to insure that the improvements in overhaul techniques are adopted as a routine institutionalized method.
作者:
BARTON, GGFELDMAN, SMr. Sidney Feldman formerly with the Naval Applied Science Laboratory
is presently with the Radiation Division of the Naval Surface Weapons Center White Oak Silver Spring Maryland. He planned and supervised laboratory experiments of many optical systems for fleet evaluation several of his designs now being standard in the fleet. He received his BA degree in Physics from Brooklyn College in 1941 and majored in Physics at the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute. His professional memberships include the Optical Society of America American Association for the Advancement of Science and The Scientific Research Society of North America. He was the recipient of the Naval Ordnance Development Award in 1945 the Superior Achievement Award in 1957 the Quality Salary Increase Award in 1965 the Superior Accomplishment Award in 1967 1970 and 1979. Additionally he has been granted patents for a relamping tool for searchlights (1962) a lamp positioning mechanism for searchlights (1963) a daylnight digital sextant (1973) a portable sextant-computer system (1974) and with Mr. George Barton the remote-controlled LLLTV camera-sextant (1976) the automatic passive LLLTV-rangefinder (1977) and a patent disclosure for the omnidirectional transceiver (1980). Mr. George G. Barton has been employed by the Naval Research Laboratory
Washington D. C. for the past ten years in the scientific and military application design engineering and fabrication of low light level TV camera systems. He was previously associated with the Smithsonian Institution and Northwestern University in the application of TV technology in astronomical investigations. He attended New York University Newark College of Engineering and New Mexico State University where he majored in Physical Optics. Presently he is with his own company BISMARC Inc. Harker's Island N.C. where he is involved principally in the design manufacture and marketing of sonar systems such as the unique VIDISEA fishscope research and development in electrooptic systems an
During periods of radio silence under Emission Control, communication depends on the slow ship-to-ship, manual-visual, 8-10 wpm Morse code signaling shutter searchlight employing the ac 1000-watt incandescent or the a...
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During periods of radio silence under Emission Control, communication depends on the slow ship-to-ship, manual-visual, 8-10 wpm Morse code signaling shutter searchlight employing the ac 1000-watt incandescent or the ac 1000-watt compact arc mercury-xenon lamp. These sources can be replaced by the dc compact arc xenon lamp to provide longer daylight ranges and highspeed (100 wpm teletype, 150 wpm Morse code, voice, etc.) communication since this source has superior brightness and the facility of considerably more rapid modulation. The excessive weight and size of the ac-dc power convertor and modulating circuitry which had prevented use of the dc xenon lamp have been overcome by developments in solid state electronics such as the rapid, high current, simmer-flash, 100 to one light output xenon lamp pulsing using the reliable, uncomplicated, low-cost silicon controlled rectifier shunt switch which could eliminate the mechanical signaling shutter. Laboratory and sea evaluations have proved the feasibility of and provided the long daylight high-speed optical communication ranges that could be attained from operation of the dc 1000-watt and 2200-watt xenon lamps at the focus of 12-inch, 18-inch searchlights and in the Fresnel lens omni-directional beacon which a command ship uses to signal all ships in a task force at once. With these advances, optical communication provides the highspeed capability of radio communication, particularly, also, with the new omnidirectional transceiver.
This paper presents an integrated approach to Computer-Aided Ship design for U.S. Navy preliminary and contract design. An integrated Hull designsystem (HDS), currently under development by the Hull Group of the Nava...
This paper presents an integrated approach to Computer-Aided Ship design for U.S. Navy preliminary and contract design. An integrated Hull designsystem (HDS), currently under development by the Hull Group of the Naval Sea systems Command (NAVSEA 32). is the vehicle for the discussion. This paper is directed toward practicing ship design professionals and the managers of the ship design process. Primary emphasis of this paper, and of the development effort currently under way, is on aiding ship design professionals in their work. Focus is on integration and management control of the extremely complex set of processes which make up naval ship design. The terminology of the Ship designer and design Manager is used. The reader needs no familiarity with the technologies of computer science.
作者:
JOHNSON, RACARACOSTAS, NPCOMSTOCK, ENMr. Robert A. Johnson is currently a Naval Architect in the Hull Group (SEA 32)
Ship Design and Integration Directorate Naval Sea Systems Command. He received his Associate in Engineering degree in Drafting and Design Technology in 1959 his B.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering in 1965 and his M.S. degree in Engineering Mechanics in 1970 all from Pennsylvania State University. In 1973
he was selected for the Navy's Long-Term Training Program at the University of Michigan from which he received his M.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture in 1974. Mr. Johnson began his professional career at the Ordnance Research Laboratory Pennsylvania State University in 1959 where he was involved in the design of hydroelastic submarine models and conducted research in the area of flow-induced structural vibrations. Subsequently he joined HRB-Singer at State College Pennsylvania in 1967 as a Research Engineer and in 1969 joined the former Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC) where he was employed in the Submarine Structures Branch Surface Ship Structures Branch and the Performance and Stability Branch of the Hull Division. Currently he is the CASDAC Hull System Technical Director and also Head of the Surface Ship Hydrodynamics Section (SEA 32133) Naval Architecture Division Naval Sea Systems Command a member of ASE
SNAME and Tau Beta Pi and one of the Navy Subcommittee Members of the Ship Structures Committee.Mr. Nicholas P. Casacostas is currently a Section Chief for Naval Architecture in the Washington
D.C. office of M. Rosenblatt & Son Inc. His professional career has been in both Navy and commercially related fields and he has had published several technical papers dealing with the subjects of Ship Propulsion and Hydrodynamics as well as Shipping Economics and Operations. A member of ASNE since 1977 he also is a member of the Royal Institute of Naval Architects and SNAME and presently serving on the latter's H-2 (Resistance and Propulsion) Panel. Mr. Edward N. Comstock is currently a Seakeeping Speciali
The recent trend in Naval Forces has been a shrinking Fleet in both numbers and ship size. This dictates that our ships must have greater operational effectiveness if the Navy is to continue to carry out its mission i...
The recent trend in Naval Forces has been a shrinking Fleet in both numbers and ship size. This dictates that our ships must have greater operational effectiveness if the Navy is to continue to carry out its mission in the future as it has done in the past. The seakeeping performance of a ship is a major determinant of its overall operational effectiveness. The methodology presented in this paper is a comprehensive approach to the evaluation of a ship's seakeeping performance. The scope of this methodology encompasses the assessment of ship mission scenarios and the relative importance of associated mission requirements as well as the probabilistic description of the uncertainties imposed by the variable ocean environment. The methodology is presented in a general sense so that the seakeeping performance of a ship's configuration can be evaluated as a function of mission scenario, mission area, sea state, ship heading, and speed. In order to utilize the full potential of the methodology, more refined scenario descriptions and more accurate environment specifications must be obtained. A simplified example is presented in which a comparison of the operational effectiveness of two small hull forms is made, using information now available to the designer. It is anticipated that the methodology presented can be used not only as a powerful tool in the decision-making process of practical ship design, but also as the basis for parametric studies of mission strategies.
作者:
ECKHART, MUSN (RET.)The Authoris currently Chief Scientist in the Autonetics Marine Systems Division
Rockwell International concentrating in Digital Simulation Applications in System Engineering. A graduate of the U. S. Naval Academy in 1945 he served in various surface assignments until 1950. Subsequent thereto after being designated an Engineering Duty Officer (ED) he had Type Commander Staff Laboratory ESO and Naval Shipyard assignments until 1962 when he became the Miltary Chairman Electrical Science at the U. S. Naval Academy. In 1965 he became the Head Electrical/Electronics Design Branch Bureau of Ships remaining in this assignment until 1967 when he assumed the responsibilities of Director Ship Concept Design Division Naval Ship Engineering Center. Upon retiring from the U. S. Naval Service in 1970 he joined Rockewell International and the following year became the Manager of the Integration Programs Group involved in Model—Based Systems Analysis EM Effectiveness Submarine Control and Ship Data Miltiplexing. His education includes a BS degree from the U. S. Naval Academy a BS degree in Electrical Engineering received from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1949and a MS degree in Electrical Engineering received from The George Washington University in 1967. A former ASNE Council Member
he has been active in ASNE at both the National and Local Section levels since 1967.
The general systems engineering state—of—the—art has not been equal to the functional diversity of modern multimission warships, nor to the more complex system relationships that are characteristically involved in ...
The general systems engineering state—of—the—art has not been equal to the functional diversity of modern multimission warships, nor to the more complex system relationships that are characteristically involved in their design. Resultant dependence upon qualitative assessments of higher level relationships in warship definition and design has been and is a critical impediment to the Navy's corporate purposes, both in prosecuting its vital rebuilding campaign and in dealing with the technological pace of naval warfare. A design methodology development, first reported on ASNE Day 74, has provided the basis for removing this impediment. The threshold criterion of system engineering, quantification, and correlation of total systemdesign objectives, can be satisfied for warship definition and design. Further, the basic elements of an exploitive system engineering practice have been developed sufficiently to confirm their validity. This work is interpreted in terms of the system engineering structure that can be expected to emerge; first, because it can be done, and second, because its payoffs are so urgently needed by the Navy.
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