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Cathodic corrosion as a facile and universal method for scalable preparation of powdery single atom electrocatalysts

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 4943-4950页

作者： Rui Li Xiayan Yan Meng Liu Qingkai Zhao Jie Du Xinxin Tan Jingwen Ba Rongguang Zeng Wenhua Luo Jingsong Xu Institute of Materials China Academy of Engineering PhysicsJiangyou 621907China Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory Jiangyou 621908China

Top-down strategy has been widely applied for synthesis of metal single atom catalysts(SACs)via converting metal nanoparticles or bulk metals into atomically dispersed ***,we report a simple electrochemical atomic migration strategy for top-down synthesis of SACs via a facile cathodic corrosion process without involving high temperature or harsh *** of metal nanoparticles on cathode are firstly disbanded under high negative voltage,and emitted into the electrolyte in the form of atomic metal anions in Zintl *** escaped atomically dispersed metal species are then oxidized by water molecules and captured by the defects on the pre-added nitrogen doped carbon carriers in the *** cathodic corrosion strategy is confirmed to be suitable for scalable synthesis of kinds of metal SACs(e.g.,Pt,Pd,and Ir)on doped carbon ***,the as-prepared nitrogen doped carbon powder supported Pt SACs exhibit superior catalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)with a low overpotential of 0.024 V at 10 mA·cm^(−2)and a low Tafel slope of 29.7 mV·dec^(−1)as well as a long-term durability.

关键词： cathodic corrosion top-down strategy powdery single atom catalysts hydrogen evolution reaction scalable synthesis

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Structure feature extraction algorithm for Multi-modal forearm registration 6

Structure feature extraction algorithm for Multi-modal forea...

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6th Conference on Frontiers in Optical Imaging and technology: Applications of Imaging Technologies

作者： You, Sibo Ding, Yan Mo, Bo Zhang, Weizhong Li, Jiaxin Guo, Lingxi Yang, Zhe Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China Science and Technology on Space Physics Laboratory Beijing100076 China

ISBN: (数字)9781510679757

ISBN: (纸本)9781510679740

While convolutional neural networks have shown promise in medical image registration, their inherent complexity limits their registration speed, particularly for surgical applications. Additionally, traditional feature-based matching methods struggle with multi-modal forearm image registration due to the simplicity of forearm skin textures. To address these issues, we propose a robust forearm feature point extraction method based on the forearm’s structural invariance. We combine this method with thin plate spline interpolation to achieve multi-modal forearm registration. Our approach introduces the Forearm Feature Representation Curve (FFRC) and the Multi-Modal Image Registration Framework (FAM) for aligning forearm images with digital anatomical models. FFRC identifies feature points based on forearm structural characteristics, and FAM employs FFRC for matching point pre-screening before applying an affine transformation. For deformable registration which adds Thin Plate Spline (FAM-TPS) uses the matched points as control points. In our experiments, both FAM and FAM-TPS demonstrate high registration accuracy, with FAM-TPS outperforming conventional feature-based methods. Our framework excels at registering forearm images with varying rotation angles, and we have observed a strong correlation between the feature curve’s peak value and the rotation angle. These results affirm the effectiveness of our approach in achieving precise and resilient registration. © 2024 SPIE.

关键词： Feature extraction

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Chlorine-induced mixed valence of CuO_(x)/C to promote the electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene

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Nano Research 2023年第7期16卷 8827-8835页

作者： Xin Wang Ming Miao Bowen Tang Haotian Duan Fulong Zhu Huigang Zhang Xian Zhang Wen-jin Yin Yongzhu Fu College of Chemistry Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China School of Physics and Electronic Science Hunan University of Science and TechnologyXiangtan 411201China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology China Academy of Space TechnologyBeijing 100094China

Electrochemical conversion of CO_(2)(CO_(2)RR)into high-value fuel is identified as one of the promising approaches to achieve carbon *** synthesis of high-efficiency CO_(2)reduction electrocatalysts with high C_(2):C_(1) selectivity remains a field of intense *** studies have shown that the presence of Cu(I)is beneficial for the reduction of CO_(2)into C_(2)***,the stable presence of Cu(I)remains controversial,especially in the negative potential *** we report a simple and easily scalable catalyst precursor Cu_(2)(OH)_(3)Cl/C,which automatically forms in-situ chlorine-doped Cu/Cu_(2)O heterointerface during *** catalyst not only exhibits a Faradaic efficiency of 33.03%but also provides a long-term stability of Cu^(+),gaining a stable electrolysis of 11 h,with an ethylene/methane ratio over *** experimental results and mechanistic studies confirm that the presence of Cl^(-)inhibits the reduction of Cu^(+),inducing the formation of Cu^(0)/Cu^(+),and reduces the reaction energy of the intermediate ^(*)CO dimerization,thereby facilitating the formation of C_(2)*** work provides a feasible way to synthesize copper ions with long-term and stable positive charge in CO_(2)RR and expands a new way to synthesize ethylene industrial products in the future.

关键词： basic copper chloride chlorine dopant mixed-phase catalysts CO_(2)reduction reaction ethylene

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Black holes as the source of dark energy:A stringent test with high-redshift JWST AGNs

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science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第2期67卷 181-188页

作者： Lei Lei Lei Zu Guan-Wen Yuan Zhao-Qiang Shen Yi-Ying Wang Yuan-Zhu Wang Zhen-Bo Su Wen-Ke Ren Shao-Peng Tang Hao Zhou Chi Zhang Zhi-Ping Jin Lei Feng Yi-Zhong Fan Da-Ming Wei Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Department of AstronomyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Studies have proposed that there is evidence for cosmological coupling of black holes(BHs)with an index of k≈3;hence,BHs serve as the astrophysical source of dark ***,the data sample is limited for the redshifts of≤*** recent years,the James Webb space Telescope(JWST)has detected many high-redshift active galactic nuclei(AGNs)and *** the JWST NIRSpec-/NIRCam-resolved AGNs,three are determined to be in early-type host galaxies with a redshift of z~***,their M_(*)and MBH are in tension with the predicted cosmological coupling of black holes with k=3 at a confidence level of~2σ,which challenges the hypothesis that BHs serve as the origin of dark *** work on high-redshift AGNs using the JWST will further assess such a hypothesis by identifying more early-type host galaxies in the higher mass range.

关键词： dark energy supermassive black hole active galactic nuclei James Webb space Telescope

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Heteronuclear Magnetisms with Ultracold Spinor Bosonic Gases in Optical Lattices

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Chinese physics Letters 2024年第2期41卷 69-82页

作者： Yongqiang Li Chengkun Xing Ming Gong Guangcan Guo Jianmin Yuan Department of Physics National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Hunan Key Laboratory of Extreme Matter and Applications National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Key Lab of Quantum Information(CAS) University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230088China Department of Physics Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering PhysicsBeijing 100193China

Motivated by recent realizations of spin-1 NaRb mixtures in the experiments[***.114,255301(2015);***.128,223201(2022)],we investigate heteronuclear magnetism in the Mott-insulating *** from the identical mixtures where the boson statistics only admits even parity states from angular momentum composition,for heteronuclear atoms in principle all angular momentum states are allowed,which can give rise to new magnetic *** various magnetic phases can be developed over these degenerate spaces,the concrete symmetry breaking phases depend on not only the degree of degeneracy but also the competitions from many-body *** unveil these rich phases using the bosonic dynamical mean-field theory *** phases are characterized by various orders,including spontaneous magnetization order,spin magnitude order,singlet pairing order,and nematic order,which may coexist specially in the regime with odd *** we address the possible parameter regimes for observing these spin-ordered Mott phases.

关键词： parity momentum allowed

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Autonomous Recommendation of Fault Detection Algorithms for spacecraft

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第1期11卷 273-275页

作者： Wenbo Li Baoling Ning the National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Intelligent Control Beijing Institute of Control EngineeringBeijing 100094China the School of Data Science and Technology Heilongjiang UniversityHarbin 150001China

Dear Editor, This letter deals with the problem of algorithm recommendation for online fault detection of spacecraft. By transforming the time series data into distributions and introducing a distribution-aware measure, a principal method is designed for quantifying the detectabilities of fault detection algorithms over special datasets.

关键词： fault introducing letter

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Role of reduction temperature on nanosized silicalite-1 zeolite confined Pd cluster catalysts for oxidation of hydrogen isotopes

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Journal of Materials science & technology 2024年第26期193卷 51-60页

作者： Guilin Wei Junhong Luo Wenwen Yong Jiangfeng Song Yan Shi Xingwen Feng Ning Liu Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education Institute of Nuclear Science and TechnologySichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China Institute of Materials China Academy of Engineering PhysicsJiangyou 621908China

Controllable nuclear fusion is a major breakthrough in the future energy field and an important way for mankind to pursue clean and sustainable ***,since the fusion reaction raw material tritium is radioactive(βdecay,half-life is 12.43 years),the leakage of these hydrogen isotopes under accident conditions will bring the risk of explosion and cause radiation damage to ***,efficient removal of hydrogen isotopes leaked due to accidents is crucial to the safe operation of nuclear fusion and human *** study utilizes the metal-support interaction effect to design a series of Pd catalysts for efficient catalytic oxidation of hydrogen *** pure silicon zeolite as a carrier,Pd is confined in the channel structure using a ligand-stabilized in situ encapsulation *** prepared catalyst has nanoscale dispersed metal clusters and has excellent hydrogen isotope catalytic oxidation *** study systematically explored the effects of catalyst post-treatment methods,reaction space velocity,and reaction temperature on the hydrogen isotope catalytic oxidation conversion *** results show that the catalyst can be fully reduced at 600℃and can achieve a hydrogen isotope catalytic oxidation conversion rate of greater than 98%(24,000 mL g^(-1)h^(-1))at 100℃.The conversion rate for hydrogen is higher than 96%under the same space velocity at 50℃.After 35,360 min(∼24.5 d)of continuous testing and intermittent operation,the catalyst can also maintain a conversion rate of 99%(100℃,24,000 mL g^(-1)h^(-1)).A lower reduction temperature will leave some organic matter,which will coordinate and bond on the Pd clusters and thus affect the catalytic *** the same conditions,the hydrogen conversion rate of the catalyst directly reduced at 400℃was 14%lower than that of reduction at 600℃,which proves the criticality of the reduction *** work demonstrates a systematic study of utilizing the confinement effect of molecular

关键词： Silicalite-1 Zeolite Palladium Hydrogen isotopes oxidation High stability Coordination information

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Assessing the performance of magnetopause models based on THEMIS data

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Earth and Planetary physics 2024年第5期8卷 776-786页

作者： Yang Lin JianYong Lu BaoHang Qu Xi Wang Institute of Space Weather School of Atmospheric PhysicsNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China

The magnetopause is the boundary between the Earth’s magnetic field and the interplanetary magnetic field(IMF),located where the supersonic solar wind and magnetospheric pressure are in *** empirical models and global magnetohydrodynamic simulations have been used to define the magnetopause,each of these has *** this work,we use 15 years of magnetopause crossing data from the THEMIS(Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms)spacecraft and their corresponding solar wind parameters to investigate under which solar wind conditions these models predict more *** analyze the pattern of large errors in the extensively used magnetopause model and show the specific solar wind parameters,such as components of the IMF,density,velocity,temperature,and others that produce these *** is shown that(1)the model error increases notably with increasing solar wind velocity,decreasing proton density,and increasing temperature;(2)when the cone angle becomes smaller or|Bx|is larger,the Shue98 model errors increase,which might be caused by the magnetic reconnection on the dayside magnetopause;(3)when|By|is large,the error of the model is large,which may be caused by the east-west asymmetry of the magnetopause due to magnetic reconnection;(4)when Bz is southward,the error of the model is larger;and(5)the error is larger for positive dipole tilt than for negative dipole tilt and increases with an increasing dipole tilt ***,the global simulation model by Liu ZQ et al.(2015)shows a substantial improvement in prediction accuracy when IMF Bx,By,or the dipole tilt cannot be *** result can help us choose a more accurate model for forecasting the magnetopause under different solar wind conditions.

关键词： magnetopause empirical model global magnetohydrodynamic simulation THEMIS solar wind parameters

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Scientific objectives and payload configuration of the Chang'E-7 mission

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National science Review 2024年第2期11卷 285-300页

作者： Chi Wang Yingzhuo Jia Changbin Xue Yangting Lin Jianzhong Liu Xiaohui Fu Lin Xu Yun Huang Yufen Zhao Yigang Xu Rui Gao Yong Wei Yuhua Tang Dengyun Yu Yongliao Zou State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment School of Space Science and Physics Institute of Space SciencesShandong University Institute of Drug Discovery Technology Ningbo University State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Earth Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Lunar Exploration and Space Engineering Center China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation

As the cornerstone mission of the fourth phase of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program, Chang'E-7(CE-7) was officially approved, and implementation started in 2022, including a main probe and a communication relay satellite. The main probe, consisting of an orbiter, a lander, a rover and a mini-flying probe, is scheduled to be launched in 2026. The lander will land on Shackleton crater's illuminated rim near the lunar south pole, along with the rover and mini-flying probe. The relay satellite(named Queqiao-2) will be launched in February 2024 as an independent mission to support relay communication during scientific exploration undertaken by Chang'E-4, the upcoming Chang'E-6 in 2024 and subsequent lunar *** CE-7 mission is mainly aimed at scientific and resource exploration of the lunar south pole. We present CE-7's scientific objectives, the scientific payloads configuration and the main functions for each scientific payload with its key technical specifications.

关键词： Chang’ E-7 scientific objectives scientific payloads

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Frequency-Bessel multi-mode surface wave tomography utilizing microseisms excited by energetic typhoons

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science China Earth sciences 2024年第11期67卷 3436-3447页

作者： Xuping FENG Yingjie XIA Xiaofei CHEN Department of Earth and Space Sciences Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Deep Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration Technology Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Geophysical High-resolution Imaging Technology Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China College of Geophysics Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China Institute of Risk Analysis Prediction and ManagementSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

The recently developed Frequency-Bessel(F-J) transform array technique has significantly advanced multi-mode surface wave tomography, providing precise constraints on shear wave velocity(V_(S)) models of the crust and uppermost *** technique has primarily focused on extracting inter-station surface waves from ambient noise cross-correlation. Energetic typhoons generate abundant surface wave signals, prompting growing interest in utilizing these signals to investigate subsurface structures. This study explores the feasibility and application of using microseisms excited by strong typhoons for F-J transform surface wave tomography. By analyzing microseisms recorded by a broadband seismic array in Mongolia during energetic typhoons, we observed multi-mode surface waves with high signal-to-noise ratios. Our analysis revealed that the sources of these waves closely correspond to typhoon tracks, confirming that they were primarily excited by typhoons. We successfully extracted multi-mode dispersion curves for imaging the V_(S) structure beneath the array using the F-J transform. Additionally, we derived multi-mode dispersion curves from a two-year noise dataset recorded by the same array, which were also used to invert for the V_(S) structure. Comparison of V_(S) models derived from typhoon-induced microseisms and the two-year noise dataset showed negligible differences within the depth range of 0–140 km. Our findings demonstrate the potential value of microseisms generated by energetic typhoons in precisely probing the V_(S)structure of the crust and uppermost mantle.

关键词： Multi-mode surface wave tomography Typhoon-excited microseisms Frequency-Bessel transform Ambient noise cross-correlation Crustal and uppermost mantle structure

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