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Recent progress in nuclear astrophysics research and its astrophysical implications at the China Institute of Atomic Energy

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Nuclear science and Techniques 2024年第12期35卷 376-408页

作者： Wei-Ping Liu Bing Guo Zhu An Bao-Qun Cui Xiao Fang Chang-Bo Fu Bin-Shui Gao Jian-Jun He Yu-Chen Jiang Chong Lv Er-Tao Li Ge-Xing Li Yun-Ju Li Zhi-Hong Li Gang Lian Wei-Ping Lin Yi-Hui Liu Wei Nan Wei-Ke Nan Yang-Ping Shen Na Song Jun Su Liang-Ting Sun Xiao-Dong Tang Luo-Huan Wang Shuo Wang You-Bao Wang Di Wu Xiao-Feng Xi Sheng-Quan Yan Li-Yong Zhang China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413China Department of Physics Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Liangshan 615000China School of Physics Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education Institute of Nuclear Science and TechnologySichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MoE) Institute of Modern PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Joint Department for Nuclear Physics Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences and Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 73000China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education College of Nuclear Science and TechnologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education College of Nuclear Science and TechnologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of Mathematics and Physics Handan UniversityHandan 056005China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space SciencesShandong UniversityWeihai 264209China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsCAPTPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Nuclear astrophysics is a rapidly developing interdisciplinary feld of research that has received extensive attention from the scientifc community since the midtwentieth ***,it uses the laws of extremely small atomic nuclei to explain the evolution of the *** to the complexity of nucleosynthesis processes and our limited understanding of nuclear physics in astrophysical environments,several critical astrophysical problems remain *** achieve a better understanding of astrophysics,it is necessary to measure the cross sections of key nuclear reactions with the precision required by astrophysical *** measurement of nuclear reaction cross sections is an important method of investigating how nuclear reactions infuence stellar *** the challenges involved in measuring the extremely low crosssections of nuclear reactions in the Gamow peak and preparing radioactive targets,indirect methods,such as the transfer reaction,coulomb dissociation,and surrogate ratio methods,have been developed over the past several *** are powerful tools in the investigation of,for example,neutron-capture(n,r)reactions with short-lived radioactive ***,direct measurement is still preferable,such as in the case of reactions involving light and stable *** an essential part of stellar evolution,these low-energy stable nuclear reactions have been of particular interest in recent *** overcome the diffculties in measurements near or deeply within the Gamow window,the combination of an underground laboratory and high-exposure accelerator/detector complex is currently the optimal ***,underground experiments have emerged as a new and promising direction of *** addition,to better simulate the stellar environment in the laboratory,research on nuclear physics under laser-driven plasma conditions has gradually become a frontier *** recent years,the CIAE team conducted a series of distinctive nuclea

关键词： Nuclear astrophysics Indirect method Underground laboratory Direct measurement Lowenergy nuclear reaction

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Correlation between the charge radii difference in mirror partner nuclei and thesymmetry energy slope

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Chinese physics C 2024年第8期48卷 177-184页

作者： Xiao-Rong Ma Shuai Sun Rong An Li-Gang Cao School of Physics Ningxia UniversityYinchuan 750021China Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education College of Nuclear Science and TechnologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education Institute of Radiation TechnologyBeijing Academy of Science and TechnologyBeijing 100875China

A correlation between the charge radii difference of mirror partner nucleiΔR_(ch) and the slope parameter L of symmetry energy has been built to ascertain the equation of state of isospin asymmetric nuclear *** this work,the influences of pairing correlations and isoscalar compression modulus on theΔRch are systematically investigated based on the Skyrme energy density functional *** calculated results suggest that the linear correlation betweenΔR_(ch) and L is decreased by the surface pairing *** slope parameter deduced from the difference of charge radii of mirror-pair nuclei ^(32)Ar-^(32)Si,^(36)Ca-^(36)S,^(38)Ca-^(38)Ar,and ^(54)Ni-^(54)Fe falls into the range of L=42.57−50.64 MeV,that is,the rather soft equation of state of asymmetric nuclear ***,the range of the slope parameter can also be influenced by the effective forces classified by various isoscalar incompressibility coefficients.

关键词： symmetry energy charge radius mirror-pair nuclei slope parameter

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An optomechanical MEMS geophone with a 2.5 ng/Hz^(1/2)noise floor for oil/gas exploration

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第6期10卷 123-132页

作者： Shimin Jiao Ziqiang Qu Xujin Ma Hao Ouyang Wen Xiong Shaolin Zhang Qiu Wang Huafeng Liu PGMF and School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Optics Valley Laboratory Hubei 430074China

High-precision geophones play crucial roles in terrestrial applications such as oil and gas exploration as well as seismic *** development of optomechanical precision measurements provides a new design method for geophones,offering higher sensitivity and smaller dimensions compared to traditional *** this work,we introduce an optomechanical microelectromechanical system(MEMS)geophone based on a plano-concave Fabry‒Perot(F–P)microcavity,which has a high sensitivity of 146 V/*** F‒P microcavity consists of a movable mirror on the sensing element and a fixed hemispherical micromirror fabricated from silicon-on-insulator(SOI)and monocrystalline silicon wafers,*** experimental results show that the geophone has a low noise floor of 2.5 ng/Hz^(1/2)(with a displacement noise floor of 6.2 fm/Hz^(1/2))within the frequency range of 100~200 Hz,a broad bandwidth of 500 Hz(–3 dB),and a measurement range of±4 *** mitigate common-mode noise originating from the laser source and environmental factors such as temperature and air fluctuations,a balanced detection method is *** method substantially reduces the noise floor,nearly reaching the thermal noise limit(2.5 ng/Hz^(1/2)).Furthermore,a compactly packaged optomechanical MEMS geophone with a diameter of 40 mm is *** high performance and robust features hold great potential for applications in oil and gas exploration.

关键词： noise mirror floor

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Design, fabrication and performance test of an integrated exploding foil initiator system

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Defence technology（防务技术） 2024年第12期42卷 125-135页

作者： Zehao Wang Pengfei Xue Qingxuan Zeng Mingyu Li State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China Institute of Chemical Materials China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang621900China

The integration method of exploding foil initiator system(EFIs) used to be researched to broaden its application range in military and aerospace in the last few *** order to lower the firing voltage below 1 kV,an integrated EFIs with enhanced energy efficiency was *** exploding foil initiator chips were fabricated in batch via micro electromechanical systems technology by integrating a unified foil,a flyer layer and a barrel on a glass substrate successively,meanwhile its package of the whole system was proposed at a volume of 2.194 cm^(3).The structural parameters were determined by predicted performance including flyer velocity,impact behavior and conduction property via the proposed theoretical models and the static electric field *** expect,this integrated EFIs exhibited excellent functions,which could accelerate the flyer to a terminal velocity over 4 km/s and preeminently initiate HNS-IV pellet at a circuit of 0.24 μF/0.9 ***,the theoretical design,fabrication and performance test have been all included to validate the feasibility of this integrated EFIs that was beneficial for its commercial development in the future.

关键词： Exploding foil initiator system Integration Planar trigger switch Micro electromechanical systems Flyer velocity Shock initiation

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Simulation study of the performance of the Very Large Area gamma-ray space Telescope

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Nuclear science and Techniques 2024年第9期35卷 1-17页

作者： Xu Pan Wei Jiang Chuan Yue Shi-Jun Lei Yu-Xin Cui Qiang Yuan Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

The Very Large Area gamma-ray space Telescope(VLAST)is a mission concept proposed to detect gamma-ray photons through both Compton scattering and electron–positron pair production mechanisms,thus enabling the detection of photons with energies ranging from MeV to *** project aims to conduct a comprehensive survey of the gamma-ray sky from a low-Earth orbit using an anti-coincidence detector,a tracker detector that also serves as a low-energy calorimeter,and a high-energy imaging *** developed a Monte Carlo simulation application of the detector using the GEANT4 toolkit to evaluate the instrument performance,including the effective area,angular resolution,and energy resolution,and explored specific optimizations of the detector *** simulation-based analysis indicates that the current design of the VLAST is physically feasible,with an acceptance above 10 m^(2)sr which is four times larger than that of the Fermi-LAT,an energy resolution better than 2%at 10 GeV,and an angular resolution better than 0.2◦at 10 *** VLAST project promises to make significant contributions to the field of gamma-ray astronomy and enhance our understanding of the cosmos.

关键词： space astronomy Gamma-ray telescope Calorimeter Monte Carlo simulation

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λ/20-Thick cavity for mimicking electromagnetically induced transparency at telecommunication wavelengths

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第3期6卷 42-50页

作者： Hua Lu Shouhao Shi Dikun Li Shuwen Bo Jianxu Zhao Dong Mao Jianlin Zhao Northwestern Polytechnical University School of Physical Science and TechnologyMOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary ConditionsKey Laboratory of Light-Field Manipulation and Information AcquisitionMinistry of Industry and Information TechnologyShaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information TechnologyXi’anChina

Optical cavities play crucial roles in enhanced light-matter interaction,light control,and optical communications,but their dimensions are limited by the material property and operating *** planar cavities are urgently in demand for large-area and integrated optical ***,extremely reducing the planar cavity dimension is a critical challenge,especially at telecommunication ***,we demonstrate a type of ultrathin cavities based on large-area grown Bi_(2)Te_(3)topological insulator(TI)nanofilms,which present distinct optical resonance in the near-infrared *** result shows that the Bi_(2)Te_(3)TI material presents ultrahigh refractive indices of>6 at telecommunication *** cavity thickness can approach 1/20 of the resonance wavelength,superior to those of planar cavities based on conventional Si and Ge high refractive index ***,we observed an analog of the electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)effect at telecommunication wavelengths by depositing the cavity on a photonic *** EIT-like behavior is derived from the destructive interference coupling between the nanocavity resonance and Tamm *** spectral response depends on the nanocavity thickness,whose adjustment enables the generation of obvious Fano *** experiments agree well with the *** work will open a new door for ultrathin cavities and applications of TI materials in light control and devices.

关键词： topological insulator optical nanocavity photonic crystal electromagnetically induced transparency-like effect

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U（1） Dirac quantum spin liquid candidate in triangular-lattice antiferromagnet CeMgAl11O19

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science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第6期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 168-175页

作者： Yantao Cao Akihiro Koda M.D.Le V.Pomjakushin Benqiong Liu Zhendong Fu Zhiwei Li Jinkui Zhao Zhaoming Tian Hanjie Guo Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Muon Science Laboratory Institute of Materials Structure ScienceKEK ISIS Neutron and Muon Source Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging LNS Paul Scherrer Institute Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University School of Physical Sciences Great Bay University School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Quantum spin liquid represents an intriguing state where electron spins are highly entangled yet spin fluctuation persists even at 0 K. Recently, the hexaaluminates RMgAl11O19（R = rare earth） have been proposed to be a platform for realizing the quantum spin liquid state with dominant Ising anisotropic correlations. Here, we report detailed low-temperature magnetic susceptibility,muon spin relaxation, and thermodynamic studies on the CeMgAl11O19single crystal. Ising anisotropy is revealed by magnetic susceptibility measurements. Muon spin relaxation and ac susceptibility measurements rule out any long-range magnetic ordering or spin freezing down to 50 m K despite the onset of spin correlations below ～0.8 K. Instead, the spins keep fluctuating at a rate of 1.0（2） MHz at 50 mK. Specific heat results indicate a gapless excitation with a power-law dependence on temperature,Cm（T） ∝ Tα. The quasi-quadratic temperature dependence with α = 2.28（4） in zero field and linear temperature dependence in 0.25 T support the possible realization of the U（1） Dirac quantum spin liquid state.

关键词： quantum spin liquid frustration triangular lattice gapless excitation

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Accurate quantification of the algebraic,multiplicative algebraic,and simultaneous iterative reconstruction techniques in ionosphere rebuilding based on the TIEGCM assessment

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Earth and Planetary physics 2025年第1期9卷 117-126页

作者： Ao Qi HaiBing Ruan Institute of Space Weather Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment University of Science&Technology of ChinaChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230026China

The algebraic reconstruction technique(ART),multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique(MART),and simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique(SIRT)are computational methodologies extensively utilized within the field of computerized ionospheric tomography(CIT)to facilitate three-dimensional reconstruction of the ionospheric ***,reconstruction accuracy elicits recurrent disputes over its practical application,and people usually attribute this issue to incomplete and uneven coverage of the *** Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model(TIEGCM)offers a reasonable physics-based ionospheric background and is widely utilized in ionospheric *** use the TIEGCM simulations as the targeted ionosphere because the current measurements are far from able to realistically reproduce the ionosphere in *** designations of satellite measurements are conducted to investigate the limiting performance of CIT methods in ionospheric *** to common practice,electron density distributions from outputs of the International Reference Ionosphere(IRI)model are used as the iterative initial value in CIT *** outcomes suggest that despite data coverage,iterative initial conditions also play an essential role in ionospheric *** particular,in the longitudinal sectors where the iterative initial height of the F2-layer peak electron density(hmF2)differs substantially from the background densities,none of the three CIT methods can reproduce the exact background *** hmF2 is close but the ionospheric F2-layer peak density(NmF2)is different between the targeted background and initial conditions,the MART performs better than the ART and SIRT,as evidenced by the correlation coefficients of MART being above 0.97 and those of ART and SIRT being below *** summary,this investigation reveals the potential uncertainties in traditional CIT reconstruction,particularly when reali

关键词： computerized ionospheric tomography International Reference Ionosphere model Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation model ionosphere

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Single thiolate replacement of metal nanoclusters

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science China Chemistry 2024年第2期67卷 523-528页

作者： Ambreen Ambreen Yue Zhou Wanmiao Gu Qing You Liang Fang Guoqing Bian Nan Yan Nan Xia Zhikun Wu Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and NanotechnologyInstitute of Solid State PhysicsHefei Institutes of Physical Science(HFIPS)Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei230031China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230601China Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui UniversityHefei230601China

Surface thiolates play important roles in evincing the structures and properties of thiolated metal nanoclusters—one type of recently emerging inorganic-organic hybrids,and thus the thiolate substitution,especially single thiolate substitution,is highly desirable for subtly tailoring the structures and properties of metal ***,such a single-thiolate substituting is challenging,and its influence on the metal-metal and metal-sulfur bonds remains mysterious due to the absence of the singlethiolate-substituted ***,we developed a combined method,concurrently synthesized the single-thiolate-substituted nanocluster and its parent nanocluster,and successfully resolved their structures by single crystal X-ray crystallography,which reveals that the single thiolate substitute has an obvious influence on the metal-metal and metal-sulfur bond lengths although it has no effect on the absorption ***,the metal-metal and metal-sulfur bonds show various thermal extensibility and even the negative thermal expansion phenomena of the Au–S bond were observed in the single-thiolate-substituted *** bond length-related stability was also ***,this study highlights a novel synthesis method and offers novel structural insights and an in-depth structure-property correlation of thiolated metal nanoclusters.

关键词： metal nanoclusters single thiolate replacement thermal expansion stability intercluster interaction

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New results on the dynamics of critical collapse

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Chinese physics C 2024年第6期48卷 204-210页

作者：郭俊起胡宇王盼盼邵成刚 School of Physics and Technology University of JinanJinan 250022China MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum PhysicsPGMFand School of PhysicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

We study the dynamics of the critical collapse of a spherically symmetric scalar *** analytic expressions for the metric functions and matter field in the large-radius region are *** the central region,owing to the bo... 详细信息

关键词： critical collapse spacetime singularities numerical relativity

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