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arXiv 2025年

作者： Cui, Shuang Li, Yi Li, Jiangmeng Tang, Xiongxin Su, Bing Xu, Fanjiang Xiong, Hui National Key Laboratory of Space Integrated Information System Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Management and Analysis Methods Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence Renmin University of China China Department of Computer Science & Engineering the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong

Single image defocus deblurring (SIDD) aims to restore an all-in-focus image from a defocused one. Distribution shifts in defocused images generally lead to performance degradation of existing methods during out-of-distribution inferences. In this work, we gauge the intrinsic reason behind the performance degradation, which is identified as the heterogeneity of lens-specific point spread functions. Empirical evidence supports this finding, motivating us to employ a continual test-time adaptation (CTTA) paradigm for SIDD. However, traditional CTTA methods, which primarily rely on entropy minimization, cannot sufficiently explore task-dependent information for pixel-level regression tasks like SIDD. To address this issue, we propose a novel Siamese networks-based continual test-time adaptation framework, which adapts source models to continuously changing target domains only requiring unlabeled target data in an online manner. To further mitigate semantically erroneous textures introduced by source SIDD models under severe degradation, we revisit the learning paradigm through a structural causal model and propose Causal Siamese networks (CauSiam). Our method leverages large-scale pre-trained vision-language models to derive discriminative universal semantic priors and integrates these priors into Siamese networks, ensuring causal identifiability between blurry inputs and restored images. Extensive experiments demonstrate that CauSiam effectively improves the generalization performance of existing SIDD methods in continuously changing domains. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

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A Solution Analysis of U.S. Weapon Equipment systems-of-systems Development and Application 7

A Solution Analysis of U.S. Weapon Equipment Systems-of-Syst...

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7th International Conference on Information science and Control Engineering, ICISCE 2020

作者： Lin, Menglong Yi, Shuanghui Zhang, Mengmeng Shu, Zhen National University of Defense Technology Science and Technology on Information Systems Engineering Laboratory Changsha China National Key Laboratory for Complex System Simulation Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728164069

In recent years, the development and deployment of the U.S. weapon equipment systems-of-systems (SoS) have yielded rich research results. However, there are still large gaps in the SoS development, joint testing, and design and acquisition of our own equipment SoS. The barriers of these steps have not yet been opened up. This article mainly analyzes the solutions of the U.S. weapon equipment SoS from three aspects, such as capability-based requirement generation and architecture design technology, interconnected-oriented integration test technology, and weapon equipment design and acquisition technology based on complex adaptive systems. We explore key technologies involved in order to form an overall understanding and explore related research approaches. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： system of systems

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Highly stable and wide-range flexible pressure sensors with a gradient modulus and selective foaming layer

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Chemical Engineering Journal 2025年 515卷

作者： Wang, Meng Li, Wendong Lv, Yadong Li, Guangxian Zhao, Zhijun Wang, Yaobing Zhou, Qinghua Pu, Wei Kong, Miqiu School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Key Laboratory of Advanced Spatial Mechanism and Intelligent Spacecraft Ministry of Education National Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials Sichuan University Chengdu610065 China College of Polymer Science and Engineering National Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials Sichuan University Chengdu610065 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Space Robotic Systems Technology and Applications Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering Beijing100094 China

The service life and stability of flexible pressure sensors vary with the interfacial toughness of these multilayered structures, which are principally fabricated by adhesive bonding, hot melting, and interconnection. However, balancing the trade-off between interface toughness and sensing performance under complex stresses remains challenging. To address this issue, a foam sandwich structure with gradient modulus is constructed by integrating a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/carbon nanotube electrode with a selectively foamed TPU/ionic liquid dielectric. The synthesis is fundamentally inspired by the molecular chain entanglements and hydrogen bonds formed at the electrode/dielectric interface owing to solvent diffusion due to secondary solubilization and differential foaming temperatures. The synthesized sensing structure exhibits ultra-high toughness (3000 J/m2) and dynamic impact resistance (1 J);meanwhile, the sensor shows an ultra-wide sensing range (0.02–2000 kPa), high sensitivity (1.7 nF/kPa), and excellent service stability up to 50,000 cycles under compressive stress (100 kPa), shear stress (30 kPa), bending stress (bending radius of 1.6 mm), and complex stress of 120 kPa (compression stress of 116 kPa and shear stress of 31 kPa). Additionally, on integration into robot grippers, the sensor provides accurate feedback on multi-stage object gripping and can resist shear stress while gripping high-weight objects. This study provides a new strategy for fabricating flexible pressure sensors that can be effectively used under complex stresses. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Shear bands

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大气CO_(2)和古地理共同控制新生代印太暖池的演化

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science Bulletin 2024年第9期69卷 1323-1331页

作者：张冉柳中晖姜大膀俞永强张仲石杨一博谭宁司东张强周鑫 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD) Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Earth Sciences The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Atmospheric Science School of Environmental StudiesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Science Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

The Indo-Pacific warm pool(IPWP) is crucial for regional and global climates. However, the development of the IPWP and its effect on the regional climate during the Cenozoic remain unclear. Here, using a compilation of sea surface temperature(SST) records(mainly since the middle Miocene) and multimodel paleoclimate simulations, our results indicated that the extent, intensity and warmest temperature position of the IPWP changed markedly during the Cenozoic. Specifically, its extent decreased, its intensity weakened, and its warmest temperature position shifted from the Indian to western Pacific Ocean over time. The atmospheric CO_(2) dominated its extent and intensity, while paleogeography, by restricting the distribution of the Indian Ocean and the width of the tropical seaways, controlled the shift in its warmest temperature position. In particular, the eastward shift to the western Pacific Ocean from the middle to late Miocene inferred from compiled SST records likely resulted from the constriction of tropical seaways. Furthermore, by changing the atmospheric thermal structure and atmospheric circulation,the reduced extent and intensity of the IPWP decreased the annual precipitation in the western Indian Ocean, eastern Asia and Australia, while the shift in the warmest temperature position from the Indian to western Pacific Ocean promoted aridification in Australia. Qualitative model-data agreements are obtained for both the IPWP SST and regional climate. From the perspective of past warm climates with high concentrations of atmospheric CO_(2), the expansion and strengthening of the IPWP will occur in a warmer future and favor excessive precipitation in eastern Asia and Australia.

关键词： Indo-Pacific warm pool Cenozoic Atmospheric CO_(2) Paleogeography

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Constructive Interference Precoding Empowered NOMA-ISAC Design

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年

作者： Wang, Wei Dong, Chao Zhao, Nan Wu, Qihui Niyato, Dusit Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space Nanjing210023 China Dalian University of Technology School of Information and Communication Engineering Dalian116024 China Nanyang Technological University College of Computing and Data Science 639798 Singapore

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) can help integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) to accommodate more users and well manage interference. In this paper, we first propose a NOMA-ISAC scheme, in which a multiantenna base station (BS) transmits ISAC signal to detect a radar user (RU), and provide wireless service to the RU and the communication user (CU) simultaneously. The inter-user interference can be mitigated by the successive interference cancellation (SIC). We further investigate the trade-off between minimizing the beampattern matching error and maximizing the CU’s achievable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and propose a penalty-based semi-definite relaxation (SDR) method to solve this non-convex problem. Then, to mitigate the instantaneous NOMA-ISAC beampattern shaking and enhance its stability, we utilize constructive interference precoding (CIP) to assist the NOMA-ISAC beampattern design. Introducing CIP can convert the interference from RU into the beneficial signal to CU and the complex SIC can be avoided. Then, the corresponding trade-off can be transformed into a convex problem by the Taylor-series approximation, and an iterative algorithm is proposed to solve it. Moreover, the Manopt toolbox assisted initialization is utilized to accelerate its convergence speed. simulation results verify that the proposed CIP-NOMA-ISAC scheme can effectively enhance the stability of instantaneous NOMA-ISAC beampattern over limited time slots, and provide higher SNR for CU. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Taylor series

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Emergent grain boundary phases in stressed polycrystalline thin films

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Physical Review Materials 2023年第8期7卷 083602-083602页

作者： Mengyuan Wang Ruilin Yan Xiao Han Hailong Wang Moneesh Upmanyu CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials Department of Modern Mechanics CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230027 China Group for Simulation and Theory of Atomic-Scale Material Phenomena (stAMP) Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA

The grain boundary (GB) microstructure influences and is influenced by the development of residual stresses during synthesis of polycrystalline thin films. Recent studies have shown that the frustration between the preferred growth direction and rotations of abutting crystals to local cusps in GB energies leads to internal stresses localized within nanoscopic surface layers around the valleys and ridges that form at emergent boundaries (eGBs). Using a combination of continuum frameworks, numerical analyses, and all-atom simulations of bicrystal 〈111〉 copper films, we show that eGBs tune their surface morphology and rotation extent in response to external strains. Compression favors rotation to and growth of low-energy GB phases (complexions) at eGB valleys while tension favors the transitions at eGB ridges, a reflection of the stress-induced mass efflux/influx that changes the energetic balance between interfacial and deformation energies. Molecular dynamics simulations of strained and growing bicrystal films reveal that the eGB phase transition is coupled to island formation at the surface triple junctions, providing a direct link between eGB phases and surface step flow. The interplay between eGB structure, morphology, and mechanics emerges as a crucial ingredient for predictive understanding of stress and morphological evolution during film growth, with broad implications for multifunctional response of polycrystalline surfaces in a diverse range of surface phenomena such as surface-mediated deformation, interfacial embrittlement, thermal grooving, stress corrosion, surface catalysis, and topological conduction.

关键词： Grain boundaries Interface & surface thermodynamics Surface & interfacial phenomena Surface reconstruction Solid-solid interfaces Thin films Molecular dynamics

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Halftone spatial frequency domain imaging enables kilohertz high-speed label-free non-contact quantitative mapping of optical properties for strongly turbid media

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Light(science & Applications) 2021年第12期10卷 2518-2530页

作者： Yanyu Zhao Bowen Song Ming Wang Yang Zhao Yubo Fan Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Engineering Medicineand with the School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang University100191 BeijingChina Institute of Spacecraft Application System Engineering China Academy of Space Technology100094 BeijingChina Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Engineering 100094 BeijingChina

The ability to quantify optical properties(i.e.,absorption and scattering)of strongly turbid media has major implications on the characterization of biological tissues,fluid fields,and many ***,there are few methods that can provide wide-field quantification of optical properties,and none is able to perform quantitative optical property imaging with high-speed(e.g.,kilohertz)*** we develop a new imaging modality termed halftone spatial frequency domain imaging(halftone-SFDI),which is approximately two orders of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art,and provides kilohertz high-speed,label-free,non-contact,wide-field quantification for the optical properties of strongly turbid *** method utilizes halftone binary patterned illumination to target the spatial frequency response of turbid media,which is then mapped to optical properties using model-based *** validate the halftone-SFDI on an array of phantoms with a wide range of optical properties as well as in vivo human *** demonstrate with an in vivo rat brain cortex imaging study,and show that halftone-SFDI can longitudinally monitor the absolute concentration as well as spatial distribution of functional chromophores in *** also show that halftone-SFDI can spatially map dual-wavelength optical properties of a highly dynamic flow field at kilohertz ***,these results highlight the potential of halftone-SFDI to enable new capabilities in fundamental research and translational studies including brain science and fluid dynamics.

关键词： optical scattering media

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Progress in quantitative research on the relationship between atmospheric oxidation and air quality

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2023年第1期123卷 350-366页

作者： Yuesi Wang Xin Jin Zirui Liu Gehui Wang Guiqian Tang Keding Lu Bo Hu Shanshan Wang Guohui Li Xinqin An Chao Wang Qihou Hu Lingyan He Fenfen Zhang Yuanhang Zhang State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry(LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China 3 State Key Joint Laboratory or Environmental Simul ation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Lab of Geophysical Information System of the Ministry of Education School of Geographic SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention(LAP3) Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 201203China Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary GeologyInstitute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China Institute of Atmospheric Composition and Environmental Meteorology Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Key Lab of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China

Atmospheric oxidizing capacity(AOC)is an essential driving force of troposphere chemistry and self-cleaning,but the definition of AOC and its quantitative representation remain *** by national demand for air pollution control in recent years,Chinese scholars have carried out studies on theories of atmospheric chemistry and have made considerable progress in AOC *** paper will give a brief review of these ***,AOC indexes were established that represent apparent atmospheric oxidizing ability(AOIe)and potential atmospheric oxidizing ability(AOIp)based on aspects of macrothermodynamics and microdynamics,respectively.A closed study refined the quantitative contributions of heterogeneous chemistry to AOC in Beijing,and these AOC methods were further applied in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and key areas across the *** addition,the detection of ground or vertical profiles for atmospheric OH·,HO_(2)·,NO_(3)·radicals and reservoir molecules can now be obtained with domestic instruments in diverse ***,laboratory smoke chamber simulations revealed heterogeneous processes involving reactions of O_(3)and NO_(2),which are typical oxidants in the surface/interface atmosphere,and the evolutionary and budgetary implications of atmospheric oxidants reacting under multispecies,multiphase and multi-interface conditions were ***,based on the GRAPES-CUACE adjoint model improved by Chinese scholars,simulations of key substances affecting atmospheric oxidation and secondary organic and inorganic aerosol formation have been *** numerical simulations of AOIe and AOIp were performed,and regional coordination of AOC was *** optimized plan for controlling O_(3)and PM2.5was analyzed by scenario simulation.

关键词： Atmospheric oxidizing capacity(AOC) Quantitative index Free radicals Observation and modeling Air quality

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Stgc-Gnns: A Gnn-Based Traffic Prediction Framework with a Spatial-Temporal Granger Causality Graph

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： He, Silu Luo, Qinyao Du, Ronghua Zhao, Ling He, Guangjun Fu, Han Li, Haifeng Department of Geographic Information System Central South University Hunan Changsha410000 China College of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Hunan Changsha410000 China State Key Laboratory of Space-Ground Integrated Information Technology Space Star Technology Co. Ltd. Beijing100000 China

The key to traffic prediction is to accurately depict the temporal dynamics of traffic flow traveling in a road network, so it is important to model the spatial dependence of the road network. The essence of spatial dependence is to accurately describe how traffic information transmission is affected by other nodes in the road network, and the GNN-based traffic prediction model, as a benchmark for traffic prediction, has become the most common method for the ability to model spatial dependence by transmitting traffic information with the message passing mechanism. However, existing methods model a local and static spatial dependence, which cannot transmit the global-dynamic traffic information (GDTi) required for long-term prediction. The challenge is the difficulty of detecting the precise transmission of GDTi due to the uncertainty of individual transport, especially for long-term transmission. In this paper, we propose a new hypothesis: GDTi behaves macroscopically as a transmitting causal relationship (TCR) underlying traffic flow, which remains stable under dynamic changing traffic flow. We further propose spatial-temporal Granger causality (STGC) to express TCR, which models global and dynamic spatial dependence. To model global transmission, we model the causal order and causal lag of TCR’s global transmission by a spatial-temporal alignment algorithm. To capture dynamic spatial dependence, we approximate the stable TCR underlying dynamic traffic flow by a Granger causality test. The experimental results on three backbone models show that using STGC to model the spatial dependence has better results than the original model for 45-min and 1 h long-term prediction. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Message passing

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Shifting agricultural land use and its unintended water consumption in the North China Plain

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science Bulletin 2024年第24期69卷 3968-3977页

作者： Liang Dong Di Long Caijin Zhang Yingjie Cui Yanhong Cui Yiming Wang Luoqi Li Zhongkun Hong Ling Yao Jinling Quan Liangliang Bai Hao Wang Bridget R.Scanlon Department of Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Hydrosphere Sciences of the Ministry of Water Resources Beijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Science and Technology Advisory Center Haihe River Water Resources CommissionMinistry of Water ResourcesTianjin 300170China State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchBeijing 100038China Bureau of Economic Geology Jackson School of GeosciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustin TX78712USA

Agricultural land use(ALU)critically influences food production and water resource *** study examines the dynamics of ALU in the North China Plain(NCP),a region characterized by intensive agri-culture and severe groundwater over-exploitation,focusing on the multidimensional drivers and their implications for water resource *** employing an elaborate classification scheme based on satellite imagery and extensive first-hand field data,we identified significant shifts in crop *** 2013 to 2017,there was a notable transition from double crops(primarily wheat-maize)to single crops(primarily maize),covering 4600 km^(2)and accounting for 42%of single crops in *** 2017 to 2022,there was a shift from single crops to economic forests,encompassing 3600 km^(2)and 22%of eco-nomic forests in 2017,including orchards,timber trees,and shelter forest *** shifts resulted in an 11%decrease in grain acreage(6800 km^(2))but an 11%increase in crop water consumption(6.3 km^(3))during ***,water consumption by economic forests increased by 126%(9.4 km^(3))during this *** study highlights the critical need to balance competing demands for food and water security,providing valuable insights applicable to other agriculturally intensive regions worldwide.

关键词： Agricultural land use Remote sensing imagery Random forest classification Shifts in crop patterns Water consumption

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