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SSRN 2025年

作者： Peng, Siyuan Yang, Yue Luo, Dengnan Zeng, Xiang Liang, Minqi Tao, Long Zhang, Guangru Li, Pan Liao, Weijie Guo, Qun Cao, Ruochen Li, Yuzhe Zhang, Weirong Hu, Zhongmin Hainan Baoting Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station School of Ecology Hainan University Haikou570228 China Department of Geography Faculty of Arts and Sciences Beijing Normal University Zhuhai519087 China Facility of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Zhuhai519087 China School of Geography South China Normal University Shipai Campus Guangzhou510631 China School of Atmospheric Sciences Guangdong Province Data Center of Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems Carbon Cycle Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Zhuhai510245 China Key Lab of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China International Institute for Earth System Sciences Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing University Jiangsu210023 China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing University Jiangsu210023 China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Study region: The Tibetan Plateau in China, the Third Pole of the *** focus: Accurate descriptions of spatial variation in evapotranspiration (ET) and its components on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are crucial for understanding the dynamics of the regional water cycle and energy balance. However, how various environmental factors affect ET and its components remains unclear. This study addresses this gap using observational data from 14 sites and employing the Shuttleworth-Wallace-Hu (SWH) model to examine the spatial relationships between ET, its components, and underlying *** hydrological insights for the region: The SWH model parameters were optimized using the Monte Carlo method, achieving a satisfactory model performance with an average R² of 0.75. The ratio of transpiration to ET was generally higher in alpine meadows (0.55) than alpine steppes (0.39). Across the TP, precipitation and the leaf area index together shaped spatial variation in ET and transpiration. Precipitation emerged as the primary driver of interannual variation in ET, while the leaf area index strongly regulated the proportion of ET accounted for by transpiration. Furthermore, above aridity index values of 0.73, grassland ecosystems transitioned from water to energy. This finding is significant as it challenges the common application of an aridity index value of 0.65 to distinguish arid from humid regions. It suggests that TP grasslands, with an AI of 0.65-0.73, remain primarily water-limited. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Monte Carlo methods

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Reanalyses of the sunspot observations of fogelius and siverus: Two "long-term" observers during the maunder minimum

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Hayakawa, Hisashi Iju, Tomoya Uneme, Shoma Besser, Bruno P. Kosaka, Shunsuke Imada, Shinsuke Institute for Advanced Researches Nagoya University Nagoya4648601 Japan Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research Nagoya University Nagoya4648601 Japan UK Solar System Data Centre Space Physics and Operations Division RAL Space Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Oxford DidcotOxfordshireOX11 0QX United Kingdom Nishina Centre Riken Wako3510198 Japan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Mitaka1818588 Japan Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences Graz8042 Austria Institute of Physics University of Graz Universitätsplatz 5/II Graz8010 Austria Graduate School of Humanities Nagoya University Nagoya4648601 Japan

The solar activity during the Maunder Minimum (MM;1645–1715) has been considered significantly different from the one captured in modern observations, in terms of sunspot group number and sunspot positions, whereas its actual amplitudes and distributions is still under active discussions. In its core period (1650/1660–1700), Martin Fogelius and Henrich Siverus have formed significant long-term series in the existing databases with numerous spotless days, as the 13th and 7th most active observers before the end of the MM. In this study, we have analysed their original archival records, revised their data, have removed significant contaminations of the apparent "spotless days" in the existing databases, and cast caveats on the potential underestimation of the solar-cycle amplitude in the core MM. Still, they reported at best one sunspot group throughout their observational period and confirm the significant suppressed the solar cycles during the MM, which is also supported from the contemporary observations of Hook and Willoughby. Based on the revised data, we have also derived positions of notable sunspot groups, which Siverus recorded in 1671 (≈ N7.5° ± 2.5°), in comparison with those of Cassini’s drawings (≈ N10° ± 1°). Their coincidence in position and chronology in corrected dates indicates these sunspot groups were probably the same recurrent active region (AR) and its significantly long lifespan (≥ 35 days) even during the MM. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Solar energy

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Author Correction: Contribution of Ryugu-like material to Earth’s volatile inventory by Cu and Zn isotopic analysis

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Nature Astronomy 2023年 633页

作者： Marine Paquet Frederic Moynier Wei Dai Yan Hu Martin Bizzarro Marc Chaussidon Tetsuya Yokoyama Ikshu Gautam Makiko K. Haba Akira Ishikawa Yuki Masuda Yoshinari Abe Jérôme Aléon Conel M. O’D. Alexander Richard W. Carlson Larry Nittler Sachiko Amari Yuri Amelin Ken-ichi Bajo Noriyuki Kawasaki Sohei Wada Hisayoshi Yurimoto Audrey Bouvier Byeon-Gak Choi Nicolas Dauphas Andrew M. Davis Tommaso Di Rocco Andreas Pack Wataru Fujiya Ryota Fukai Tomohiro Usui Kanako Sakamoto Masanao Abe Akiko Miyazaki Aiko Nakato Masahiro Nishimura Tatsuaki Okada Toru Yada Kasumi Yogata Satoru Nakazawa Takanao Saiki Satoshi Tanaka Yuichi Tsuda Makoto Yoshikawa Yuki Hibiya Hiroshi Hidaka Sei-ichiro Watanabe Hisashi Homma Peter Hoppe Gary R. Huss Alexander N. Krot Kazuhide Nagashima Kiyohiro Ichida Shintaro Komatani Mayu Morita Morihiko Onose Tsuyoshi Iizuka Trevor R. Ireland Motoo Ito Takaaki Noguchi Shoichi Itoh Noriko T. Kita Kouki Kitajima Thorsten Kleine Ming-Chang Liu Kevin D. McKeegan Lauren Tafla Haolan Tang Edward D. Young Kazuko Motomura Izumi Nakai David Nesvorný Ann N. Nguyen Changkun Park Laurette Piani Liping Qin Sara S. Russell Naoya Sakamoto Maria Schönbächler Kentaro Terada Yasuko Terada Meenakshi Wadhwa Richard J. Walker Katsuyuki Yamashita Qing-Zhu Yin Shigekazu Yoneda Hiroharu Yui Ai-Cheng Zhang Tomoki Nakamura Hiroshi Naraoka Ryuji Okazaki Hikaru Yabuta Fuyuto Terui Shogo Tachibana Université Paris Cité Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris CNRS Paris France Centre for Star and Planet Formation GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan Graduate School of Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Tokyo Denki University Tokyo Japan Institut de Minéralogie de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie Sorbonne Université Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle CNRS UMR 7590 IRD Paris France Earth and Planets Laboratory Carnegie Institution for Science Washington DC USA McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences and Physics Department Washington University St. Louis MO USA Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China Natural History Sciences IIL Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan Bayerisches Geoinstitut Universität Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany Department of Earth Science Education Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of the Geophysical Sciences and Enrico Fermi Institute The University of Chicago Chicago IL USA Faculty of Geosciences and Geography University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany Faculty of Science Ibaraki University Mito Japan ISAS/JSEC JAXA Sagamihara Japan General Systems Studies The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Earth and Planetary Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya Japan Osaka Application Laboratory SBUWDX Rigaku Corporation Osaka Japan Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz Germany Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology University of Hawai’i at Mānoa Honolulu HI USA Analytical Technology Horiba Techno Service Co. Ltd Kyoto Japan Earth and Planetary Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research JAMSTEC Kochi Japan Earth and Planetary Sciences Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Geoscience Universit

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Application of a physically based radar rainfall system over Southwest China

Application of a physically based radar rainfall system over...

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IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium

作者： Yabin Gou Haonan Chen Jieying He Qiulei Xia Hangzhou Meteorological Bureau and Zhejiang Institute of Meteorological Sciences Hangzhou China NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory Colorado State University Colorado USA Key Laboratory of Microwave Remote Sensing National Space Science Center Beijing China Chengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu China

Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) is one of the most important applications of weather radars. However, it is difficult to obtain an optimal Z-R relation that can represent the local variability in precipitation microphysics. This study implements an adaptive radar QPE scheme based on the Storm Cell Identification and Tracking (SCIT) algorithm for Doppler radar and rain gauge measurements from Southwest China. The performance of this innovative QPE system is demonstrated using four precipitation events featured by different meteorological characteristics. Evaluation results show that the SCIT-based rainfall approach performs better than conventional Z-R based algorithms.

关键词： Doppler radar Reflectivity Meteorological radar Rain Radar tracking Storms

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Why To Model Remote Sensing Measurements In 3d? Recent Advances In Dart: Atmosphere, Topography, Large Landscape, Chlorophyll Fluorescence And Satellite Image Inversion

Why To Model Remote Sensing Measurements In 3d? Recent Advan...

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International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Signal and Image Processing (ATSIP)

作者： J.P. Gastellu-Etchegorry Y. Wang O. Regaieg T. Yin Z. Malenovsky Z. Zhen X. Yang Z. Tao L. Landier A. Al Bitar Deschamps N. Lauret J. Guilleux E. Chavanon B. Cao J. Qi A. Kallel Z. Mitraka N. Chrysoulakis B. Cook D. Morton Université de Toulouse CESBIO - UPS CNES CNRS IRD Toulouse France Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center University of Maryland College Park MD 20740-3823 USA School of Technology Environments and Design University of Tasmania Hobart Australia College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology Jilin University Changchun China Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Beijing China Key Laboratory of Geographical Information Science East China Normal University Shanghai China CNES 18 Av. Belin Toulouse France Beijing Forestry University Beijing China CRNS ATMS Sfax Tunisia Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH) Heraklion Greece NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728175133

ISBN: (纸本)9781728175140

Remote sensing (RS) dedicated to the study of land surfaces benefits from more and more advanced sensors. However, the interpretation of RS data is often is often inaccurate due to the complexity of the observed land surfaces. Therefore, RS models, in particular physical models, that simulate RS observations of the three-dimensional (3D) landscapes are critical to correctly interpret RS data. DART is one of the most comprehensive 3D models of Earthatmosphere optical radiative transfer (RT), from ultraviolet (UV) to thermal infrared (TIR). It simulates the optical signal of proximal, aerial and satellite imaging spectrometers and laser scanners, the 3D RB and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) signal, for any urban or natural landscape and any experimental or instrument configuration. It is freely available for research and teaching activities (***). After illustrating three significant sources of inaccuracy in RS interpretation, five recent DART advances are presented: RT in the atmosphere and topography, fast RS image simulation of large landscapes, SIF modelling, and satellite image inversion.

关键词： Atmospheric modeling Three-dimensional displays Reflectivity Surface topography Sun Forestry Solid modeling

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Differential Phase Processing and Data Quality Control for Polarimetric Weather Radar in Southern China

Differential Phase Processing and Data Quality Control for P...

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Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS)

作者： Qiulei Xia Haonan Chen Jieying He Wenjuan Zhang Zhendong Yao College of Electronic Engineering Chengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu China NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory and Colorado State University Colorado USA Key Laboratory of Microwave Remote Sensing National Space Science Center Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9781728134031

ISBN: (纸本)9781728134048

Compared to traditional single-polarization radar, dual-polarization radar transmits both horizontally and vertically polarized electromagnetic waves, and can measure not only returned power (i.e., reflectivity Zh) but also polarimetric variables including differential reflectivity Zdr, correlation coefficient ρhv, and differential propagation phase ψdp. Among the advantages of polarimetric observables for hydrometeor classification and quantification, data quality control is a main driver for the operational implementation of dual-polarization technique. This paper implements an adaptive algorithm for differential phase processing and data quality control for S-band radar measurements in southern China. In particular, phase unfolding, range filtering, and polynomial regression are employed in the phase processing. Combined with the properties of ρhv, a data quality control procedure is developed to mitigate ground clutter and non-meteorological echoes. The performance is demonstrated through cross-comparison with polarimetric radar moments simulated using raindrop size distribution (DSD) data.

关键词： Data integrity Meteorological radar Springs Radar polarimetry Tropical cyclones Radar measurements

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Polarimetric Radar-based Quantitative Precipitation Estimation during Typhoon Events over Southern China

Polarimetric Radar-based Quantitative Precipitation Estimati...

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IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium

作者： Qiulei Xia Haonan Chen Wenjuan Zhang Jieying He Zhendong Yao College of Electronic Engineering Chengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu China NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory and Colorado State University Colorado State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing China Key Laboratory of Microwave Remote Sensing National Space Science Center Beijing China

Typhoon is often accompanied by strong convective weather such as high winds and heavy rainfall. The dual-polarization radar observations show a great performance for quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) over traditional single-polarization radar by gleaning more useful information about precipitation particle size and shape distributions. According to the simulation of raindrop size distribution data from disdrometers in Guangzhou, China, this paper established a localized QPE algorithm for three typhoons landing in southern China. This regional QPE algorithm was compared with various rainfall relations such as the default Z-R relationship (Z = 300R~(1.4)) adopted by the WSR-88D. Results show that the rainfall estimates with localized algorithms approximate to rainfall observations from surface meteorological stations. The localized QPE algorithm is more accurate and reliable than other algorithms for typhoon events over southern China.

关键词： Tropical cyclones Radar polarimetry Meteorological radar Estimation Approximation algorithms Meteorology

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Health co-benefits of post-COVID-19 low-carbon recovery in Chinese cities

Nature Cities

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Nature Cities 2024年 695-705页

作者： Chenxi Lu Felix Creutzig Jiawei Hu Yingjian Huang Huibin Mo Ying Yu Yun Li Da Huo Xuanren Song Xiaoting Huang Zhu Liu Yun Sun Kai Liu Shaohui Zhang Karyn Morrissey Jinpyo Hong Zhu Deng Zhuanjia Du Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change Berlin Germany Sustainability Economics of Human Settlements Technical University Berlin Berlin Germany Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs Harvard Kennedy School Harvard University Cambridge MA USA Alibaba Cloud Hangzhou China Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation School of Geography and Planning Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen China Data-Driven EnviroLab Department of Public Policy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA Faculty of Engineering Science Department of Architecture KU Leuven Leuven Belgium Department of Earth System Science Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Institute for Global Change Studies Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin China Department of Geography King’s College London London UK Guangdong Holdings Limited Guangzhou China International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Laxenburg Austria Division for Climate and Energy Policy Department of Technology Management and Economics Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark School of Engineering Brown University Providence RI USA Department of Geography University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China Department of Political Science Columbia University New York NY USA

Post-pandemic green recovery is pivotal in achieving global sustainable development goals by simultaneously revitalizing economies and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution and improving public welfare. However, subnational and city-level understanding of green recovery, its efficacy and its alignment with public health is poorly understood. Here we focus on post-COVID-19 low-carbon recovery—economic growth combined with reduced carbon emissions—and explore health co-benefits in Chinese cities. A novel near-real-time daily carbon emission dataset of 48 cities in China is developed, coupled with detailed health and economic municipal statistics and models. We find that, on average, six low-carbon-recovery cities, mainly megacities, saved 1.2 times as many lives per 100,000 population compared with the 42 other cities, and their annual monetary avoided premature deaths per 100,000 population was 1.5 times more than the 42 other cities. The accumulated monetary health co-benefits for low-carbon-recovery cities were US$ 4.2 billion (95% confidence interval, 2.1–6.3) during the post-COVID-19 period. We show that government spending on electric vehicles increases the likelihood of achieving low-carbon recovery in Chinese cities. Our results underscore the significant health co-benefits of low-carbon recovery, pointing to synergies between advancing local welfare and global environmental objectives.

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High Elevation Energy and Water Balance:the Roles of Surface Albedo and Temperature

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Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation science 2020年第4期3卷 70-78页

作者： Massimo MENENTI Li JIA Marco MANCINI Xin LI Francesca PELLICCIOTTI Kun YANG Jiancheng SHI Maria Jose ESCORIHUELA Chiara CORBARI Shaoting REN Chunfeng MA Chaolei ZHENG Lian LIU Thomas SHAW Baohong DING Wei YANG Delft University of Technology Delft 2600 AAThe Netherlands State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Politecnico di Milano MilaNO20133Italy Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne NE18STUnited Kingdom Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China IsardSAT Barcelona 08001Spain Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chile Santiago 8330180Chile

Observation and modeling of the coupled energy and water balance is the key to understand hydrospheric and cryospheric processes at high *** paper summarizes the progress to address this aspect in relation with different earth system elements,from glaciers to *** energy budget of two glaciers,*** Dongkemadi and Parlung No.4,was studied by means of extended field measurements and a distributed model of the coupled energy and mass balance was developed and *** need for accurate characterization of surface albedo was further documented for the entire Qinghai Tibet Plateau by numerical experiments with Weather Research and Forecast(WRF)on the sensitivity of the atmospheric boundary layer to the parameterization of land surface processes.A new approach to the calibration of a coupled distributed watershed model of the energy and water balance was demonstrated by a case study on the Heihe River Basin in northwestern *** assimilation of land surface temperature did lead to the retrieval of critical soil and vegetation properties as the soil permeability and the canopy resistance to the exchange of vapour and carbon *** retrievals of actual Evapo-Transpiration(ET)were generated by the ETMonitor system and evaluated against eddy covariance measurements at sites spread throughout *** regards glacier response to climate variability,the combined findings based on satellite data and model experiments showed that the spatial variability of surface albedo and temperature is significant and controls both glacier mass balance and *** with both atmospheric and hydrosphere-cryosphere models documented the need and advantages of using accurate retrievals of land surface albedo to capture lan-atmosphere interactions at high elevation.

关键词： ice snow albedo energy water balance

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Observation of Magnetic Switchback in the Solar Corona

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Telloni, Daniele Zank, Gary P. Stangalini, Marco Downs, Cooper Liang, Haoming Nakanotani, Masaru Andretta, Vincenzo Antonucci, Ester Sorriso-Valvo, Luca Adhikari, Laxman Zhao, Lingling Marino, Raffaele Susino, Roberto Grimani, Catia Fabi, Michele D’Amicis, Raffaella Perrone, Denise Bruno, Roberto Carbone, Francesco Mancuso, Salvatore Romoli, Marco Da Deppo, Vania Fineschi, Silvano Heinzel, Petr Moses, John D. Naletto, Giampiero Nicolini, Gianalfredo Spadaro, Daniele Teriaca, Luca Frassati, Federica Jerse, Giovanna Landini, Federico Pancrazzi, Maurizio Russano, Giuliana Sasso, Clementina Berghmans, David Auchère, Frédéric Cuadrado, Regina Aznar Chitta, Lakshmi P. Harra, Louise Kraaikamp, Emil Long, David M. Mandal, Sudip Parenti, Susanna Pelouze, Gabriel Peter, Hardi Rodriguez, Luciano Schühle, Udo Schwanitz, Conrad Smith, Phil J. Verbeeck, Cis Zhukov, Andrei N. National Institute for Astrophysics Astrophysical Observatory of Torino Via Osservatorio 20 Pino Torinese I-10025 Italy Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research University of Alabama in Huntsville HuntsvilleAL35805 United States Department of Space Science University of Alabama in Huntsville HuntsvilleAL35805 United States Italian Space Agency Via del Politecnico snc RomaI-00133 Italy Predictive Science Inc. San DiegoCA92121 United States National Institute for Astrophysics Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte Salita Moiariello 16 NapoliI-80131 Italy Swedish Institute of Space Physics Ångström Laboratory Lägerhyddsvägen 1 UppsalaSE-751 21 Sweden National Research Council Institute for the Science and Technology of Plasmas Via Amendola 122/D BariI-70126 Italy Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d’Acoustique Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique École Centrale de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 INSA de Lyon Écully F-69134 France University of Urbino Carlo Bo Department of Pure and Applied Sciences Via Santa Chiara 27 UrbinoI-61029 Italy National Institute for Nuclear Physics Section in Florence Via Bruno Rossi 1 Sesto Fiorentino I-50019 Italy National Institute for Astrophysics Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100 RomaI-00133 Italy National Research Council Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research c/o University of Calabria RendeI-87036 Italy University of Florence Department of Physics and Astronomy Via Giovanni Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino I-50019 Italy National Research Council Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies Via Trasea 7 PadovaI-35131 Italy Czech Academy of Sciences Astronomical Institute Fričova 298 Ondřejov CZ-25165 Czech Republic National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters WashingtonDC20546 United States University of Padua Department of Physics and Astronomy Via Francesco Marzolo 8 PadovaI-35131 Italy National Institute f

Switchbacks are sudden, large radial deflections of the solar wind magnetic field, widely revealed in interplanetary space by the Parker Solar Probe. The switchbacks’ formation mechanism and sources are still unresolved, although candidate mechanisms include Alfvénic turbulence, shear-driven Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities, interchange reconnection, and geometrical effects related to the Parker spiral. This Letter presents observations from the Metis coronagraph onboard Solar Orbiter of a single large propagating S-shaped vortex, interpreted as first evidence of a switchback in the solar corona. It originated above an active region with the related loop system bounded by open-field regions to the East and West. Observations, modeling, and theory provide strong arguments in favor of the interchange reconnection origin of switchbacks. Metis measurements suggest that the initiation of the switchback may also be an indicator of the origin of slow solar wind. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Solar wind

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