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DPNet: Dynamic Pooling Network for Accurate and Efficient Size-Aware Tiny Object Detection

IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Gong, Luqi Chen, Haotian Chen, Yikun Yao, Tianliang Li, Chao Zhao, Shuai Han, Guangjie Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Computer Science Beijing China Zhejiang Lab Research Center for Space Computing System Hangzhou China Southwest Jiaotong University SWJTU-LEEDS Joint School Chengdu China LTD Guangdong Zhiyun City construction Technology Co Zhuhai China Tongji University College of Electronic and Information Engineering Department of Control Science and Engineering Shanghai China Hohai University Key Laboratory of Maritime Intelligent Network Information Technology Ministry of Education China

In unmanned aerial systems, especially in complex environments, accurately detecting tiny objects is crucial. Resizing images is a common strategy to improve detection accuracy, particularly for small objects. However, simply enlarging images significantly increases computational costs and the number of negative samples, severely degrading detection performance and limiting its applicability. This paper proposes a Dynamic Pooling Network (DPNet) for tiny object detection to mitigate these issues. DPNet employs a flexible down-sampling strategy by introducing a factor (df) to relax the fixed down-sampling process of the feature map to an adjustable one. Furthermore, we design a lightweight predictor to predict df for each input image, which will be used to decrease the resolution of feature map in backbone. Thus, we achieve input-aware down-sampling. We design an Adaptive Normalization Module (ANM) to make a unified detector well compatible with different dfs. At the same time, we also design a guidance loss to supervise the predictor’s training. DPNet realizes the dynamic allocation of computing resources to trade off detection accuracy and efficiency through this. Experiments on the TinyCOCO and TinyPerson datasets show that our DPNet can save over 35% and 25% GFLOPs, respectively, while maintaining comparable detection *** code will be made publicly available. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Object detection

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GLOBAL OCEANS

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BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2022年第8期103卷 S149-S191页

作者： Johnson, G. C. Lumpkin, R. NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Seattle Washington NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Miami Florida NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Silver Spring Maryland NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland and Morgan State University Baltimore Maryland College of Marine Science University of South Florida St. Petersburg Florida International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Department of Earth Environmental and Planetary Sciences Brown University Providence Rhode Island National Oceanography Centre NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland and Science Systems and Application Inc. Lanham Maryland Science Systems and Applications Inc. Hampton Virginia Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter Australian Antarctic Program Partnership Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania NOAA/NWS NCEP Climate Prediction Center College Park Maryland NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Asheville North Carolina National Oceanography Centre Liverpool Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science University of Miami Miami Florida Japan Meteorological Agency Tokyo Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies University of Miami and NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Miami Florida currently at Direction Générale de l’Armement Ingénierie des projets Paris NOAA/NWS NCWCP Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry College Park Maryland Cooperative Institute

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Rely-Guarantee Reasoning about Messaging system for Autonomous Vehicles

Rely-Guarantee Reasoning about Messaging System for Autonomo...

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Theoretical Aspects of Software Engineering (TASE)

作者： Wenjing Xu Yongwang Zhao Dianfu Ma YuXin Zhang Qian Xiao State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang Univerisity Beijing China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing Beihang University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control College of Automotive Engineering Jilin University Jilin China School of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou University Guiyang China

Messaging system as a communicating infrastructure is a safety-critical component of autonomous vehicles. For the purpose of safety certification of Level 4 autonomous driving systems, its necessary to provide a formally verified specification of messaging systems. This paper presents a realistic case study using the PiCore rely-guarantee framework to formally verify the DGPS (Differential Global Positioning system) of UISEE autonomous driving systems. We first create an axiom model of messaging systems by extending PiCore, which is reusable for concrete applications. The model supports dynamic configuration of message buffers as well as the automatic generation of the rely and guarantee conditions for compositional reasoning. It is instantiated when developing the formal specification of DGPS. Then, we use the rely-guarantee proof system of PiCore to verify the functional correctness and invariant of DGPS. The specification and its proof provide a strong evidence for the ongoing safety certification of DGPS.

关键词： Cognition Safety Formal specifications Vehicle dynamics Autonomous vehicles Certification Global Positioning system

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swTVM: Towards Optimized Tensor Code Generation for Deep Learning on Sunway Many-Core Processor

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Li, Mingzhen Liu, Changxi Liao, Jianjin Zheng, Xuegui Yang, Hailong Sun, Rujun Xu, Jun Gan, Lin Yang, Guangwen Luan, Zhongzhi Qian, Depei School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment Beijing China National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Wuxi China Science and Technology on Special System Simulation Laboratory Beijing Simulation Center Beijing China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China

The flourish of deep learning frameworks and hardware platforms has been demanding an efficient compiler that can shield the diversity in both software and hardware in order to provide application portability. Among the existing deep learning compilers, TVM is well known for its efficiency in code generation and optimization across diverse hardware devices. In the meanwhile, the Sunway many-core processor renders itself as a competitive candidate for its attractive computational power in both scientific computing and deep learning workloads. This paper combines the trends in these two directions. Specifically, we propose swTVM that extends the original TVM to support ahead-of-time compilation for architecture requiring cross-compilation such as Sunway. In addition, we leverage the architecture features during the compilation such as core group for massive parallelism, DMA for high bandwidth memory transfer and local device memory for data locality, in order to generate efficient codes for deep learning workloads on Sunway. The experiment results show that the codes generated by swTVM achieves 1.79× on average compared to the state-of-the-art deep learning framework on Sunway, across six representative benchmarks. This work is the first attempt from the compiler perspective to bridge the gap of deep learning and Sunway processor particularly with productivity and efficiency in mind. We believe this work will encourage more people to embrace the power of deep learning and Sunway many-core processor. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Program compilers

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Scattering center Modeling Using Adaptive Segmental Compressive Sampling

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Journal of beijing Institute of technology 2017年第4期26卷 484-493页

作者： Qifeng Li Kunyi Guo Jiaxin Wang Xinqing Sheng Tianshu Liu Center for Electromagnetic Simulation School of Information and ElectronicsBeijing Institute of Technology Science and Technology on Special System Simulation Laboratory Beijing Simulation Center

In order to deal with aliasing distortions of Doppler frequencies shown in time-frequency representation（ TFR） with aspect undersampling,an approach using adaptive segmental compressive sampling according to the aspect dependencies of the scattering centers is proposed. The random noise problem induced by compressive sampling is solved by employing a series of signal processing techniques of filtering,image transformation and Hough Transform. Three examples are presented to verify the effectiveness of this approach. The comparisons between the built models and the precise scattered fields computed by a well-validated full-wave numerical method are investigated,and the results showgood agreements between each other.

关键词： scattering center undersampling compressive sensing time-frequency representation parameter estimation

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A practical approach for test equipment perception and virtualization in cloud manufacturing

A practical approach for test equipment perception and virtu...

引用

Chinese Intelligent systems Conference, CISC 2017

作者： Xu, Yuyan Zhang, Lin Luo, Xiao Zhang, Han School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China Engineering Research Center of Complex Product Advanced Manufacturing Systems Ministry of Education Beijing100191 China Science and Technology on Special System Simulation Laboratory Beijing Simulation Center Beijing100854 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811064982

As an advanced manufacturing paradigm, Cloud Manufacturing provides a new way to solve the problems in the testing process. In cloud manufacturing, resource perception and resource virtualization are the foundation of building an actual service platform. According to the characteristic of test equipment, a practical approach for test equipment perception and virtualization is proposed, which is based on cloud computing, Automatic Test Markup Language (ATML) description and data mapping. A test service platform prototype is given to validate the feasibility of this approach. © 2018, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Virtualization

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Fine structures of radio bursts from flare star AD Leo with FAST observations

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhang, Jiale Tian, Hui Zarka, Philippe Louis, Corentin K. Lu, Hongpeng Gao, Dongyang Sun, Xiaohui Yu, Sijie Chen, Bin Cheng, Xin Wang, Ke School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Beijing100871 China LESIA Observatoire de Paris Université PSL Sorbonne Université Université Paris Cité CNRS Meudon92190 France USN Observatoire de Paris Université PSL Univ Orléans CNRS Nançay18330 France School of Cosmic Physics DIAS Dunsink Observatory Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies Dublin 15 Ireland Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space Sciences Shandong University Shandong Weihai264209 China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Kunming650500 China Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research New Jersey Institute of Technology NewarkNJ07102 United States School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics Nanjing University Ministry of Education Nanjing210093 China Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research Göttingen37077 Germany Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Beijing100871 China

Radio bursts from nearby active M-dwarfs have been frequently reported and extensively studied in solar or planetary paradigms. Whereas, their sub-structures or fine structures remain rarely explored despite their potential significance in diagnosing the plasma and magnetic field properties of the star. Such studies in the past have been limited by the sensitivity of radio telescopes. Here we report the inspiring results from the high time-resolution observations of a known flare star AD Leo with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). We detected many radio bursts in the two days of observations with fine structures in the form of numerous millisecond-scale sub-bursts. Sub-bursts on the first day display stripe-like shapes with nearly uniform frequency drift rates, which are possibly stellar analogs to Jovian S-bursts. Sub-bursts on the second day, however, reveal a different blob-like shape with random occurrence patterns and are akin to solar radio spikes. The new observational results suggest that the intense emission from AD Leo is driven by electron cyclotron maser instability which may be related to stellar flares or interactions with a planetary companion. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Stars

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Corrigendum to “How urban land-use intensity affected CO 2 emissions at the county level: Influence and prediction” [Ecol. Indic. 145 (2022) 109601]

引用

Ecological Indicators 2023年 146卷

作者： Chuyu Xia Zhaoyingzi Dong Peng Wu Feng Dong Kai Fang Qiang Li Xiaoshun Li Zhuang Shao Zhenning Yu Faculty of Architecture Civil and Transportation Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology MNR Hangzhou Zhejiang 310007 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China School of Public Affairs Zhejiang University Zhejiang 310058 China School of Economics Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China School of Economics and Management China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China Research Center for Transition Development and Rural Revitalization of Resource-based Cities in China China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China School of Landscape Architecture Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China School of Social and Public Administration East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China

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First solar energetic particles measured on the lunar far-side

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Xu, Zigong Guo, Jingnan Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F. Freiherr von Forstner, Johan L. Wang, Yuming Dresing, Nina Lohf, Henning Zhang, Shenyi Heber, Bernd Yang, Mei Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics Kiel University KielD-24118 Germany CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Hefei230026 China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering Beijing China

On May 6, 2019 the Lunar Lander Neutron & Dosimetry (LND) Experiment on board the Chang'E-4 lander on the far-side of the Moon detected its first solar energetic particle (SEP) event with proton energies up to 21 MeV. Combined proton energy spectra are studied based on the LND, SOHO/EPHIN and ACE/EPAM measurements which show that LND could provide a complementary dataset from a special location on the Moon, contributing to our existing observations and understanding of space environment. We applied velocity dispersion analysis (VDA) to the impulsive electron event and weak proton enhancement and show that electrons are released only 22 minutes after the flare onset and ∼15 minutes after the type II radio burst, while protons are released more than one hour after the electron release. The beam-like in-situ electrons and clear velocity dispersion indicate a good magnetic connection between the source and Earth. This is remarkable because stereoscopic remote-sensing observations from Earth and STEREO-A suggest that the Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are associated with an active region nearly 113◦ away from the magnetic footpoint of Earth. This suggests that these SEPs did not propagate along the nominal Parker spiral normally assumed for ballistic mapping and that the release and propagation mechanism of electrons and protons are likely to differ significantly for this event. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Remote sensing

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Seamless maps of major elements of the Moon: Results from high-resolution geostationary satellite

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Lu, Yu Wu, Yun-Zhao Li, Cui Ma, Jin-Song Qi, Wen-Wen Tan, Wei Li, Xiao-Man Shi, Zhi-Cheng He, Hong-Yan Dai, Shu-Wu Li, Guo Liu, Feng-Jing Wang, Jing-Qiao Wang, Xiao-Yan Wang, Qi Meng, Ling-Jie Key Laboratory of Planetary Sciences Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing210034 China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Hefei230026 China Space Science Institute Macau University of Science and Technology China School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing210023 China Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics and Electricity Beijing China Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering Beijing China China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application Beijing China Earth Observation System and Data Center China National Space Administration Beijing China

Major elements such as Fe, Ti, Mg, Al, Ca, and Si play very important roles in understanding the origin and evolution of the Moon. Previous maps of these major elements derived from orbital data are based on mosaic images or low-resolution Gamma ray data. The hue variations and gaps among orbital boundaries in the mosaic images are not conducive to geological studies. This paper aims to produce seamless and homogenous distribution maps of major elements using the single-exposure image of the whole lunar disk obtained by China's high-resolution geostationary satellite, Gaofen-4, with a spatial resolution of ~500 m. The elemental contents of soil samples returned by Apollo and Luna missions were used as ground truth, and were correlated with the reflectance of the sampling sites extracted from Gaofen-4 data. The final distribution maps of these major oxides are generated with the statistical regression model. With these products the average contents and proportions of the major elements for maria and highlands were estimated and compared. The results showed that SiO2 and TiO2 have the highest and lowest fractions in mare and highland areas, respectively. Besides, the relative concentrations of these elements could serve as indicators of geologic processes, e.g., the obviously asymmetric distributions of Al2O3, CaO, and SiO2 around Tycho crater may suggest that Tycho crater was formed by an oblique impact from the southwest direction. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silica

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