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A comparative review of the state and advancement of Site-Specific Crop Management in the UK and China

Frontiers of Agricultural science and Engineering 2019年第2期6卷 116-136页

作者： Zhenhong LI James TAYLOR Lynn FREWER Chunjiang ZHAO Guijun YANG Zhenhai LI Zhigang LIU Rachel GAULTON Daniel WICKS Hugh MORTIMER Xiao CHENG Chaoqing YU Zhanyi SUN School of Engineering Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon l\ne NE1 7RU UK National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture Beijing Nongke Mansion Beijing 100097 China Courtyard Agriculture Ltd. Wiltshire SN3 5HY UK Satellite Applications Catapult Harwell OX11 0QR UK RAL Space Science and Technology Facilities Council Didcot 0X11 OQX UK State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Center for Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China National Geomatics Center of China Beijing 100830 China

Precision agriculture, and more specifically Site-Specific Crop Management(SSCM), has been implemented in some form across nearly all agricultural production systems over the past 25 years. Adoption has been greatest in developed agricultural countries. In this review article, the current situation of SSCM adoption and application is investigated from the perspective of a developed(UK) and developing(China) agricultural economy. The current state-of-the art is reviewed with an emphasis on developments in position system technology and satellite-based remote sensing. This is augmented with observations on the differences between the use of SSCM technologies and methodologies in the UK and China and discussion of the opportunities for(and limitations to)increasing SSCM adoption in developing agricultural economies. A particular emphasis is given to the role of socio-demographic factors and the application of responsible research and innovation(RRI) in translating agritechnologies into China and other developing agricultural economies. Several key research and development areas are identified that need to be addressed to facilitate the delivery of SSCM as a holistic service into areas with low precision agriculture(PA) adoption. This has implications for developed as well as developing agricultural economies.

关键词： remote sensing decision support responsible research and innovation digital soil mapping

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system Analysis of the Historical Change of the River Leader system:Based on the Perspective of Historical Institutionalism

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2020年第4期11卷 414-424页

作者： ZHENG Shihao QIN Haibo LI Yingming HAO Liang GUO Fengyuan ZHANG Conglin State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China School of Politics and Public Management Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China Institutes of Science and Development Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Public Policy and Management University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy Ministry of Ecology and Environment of ChinaBeijing 100029China Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China Beijing 100804China

In the process of implementing the River Leader system,some problems have emerged regarding its progress and *** the perspective of historical institutionalism,the historical change process of the River Leader system was revealed in this *** were two key nodes in the historical change progress of the River Leader *** 2014,the river leader system promotion was transferred from the local government to the Ministry of Water *** 2016,the River Leader system was recognized by the central government and implemented *** historical change process of the River Leader system can be divided into three periods:the creation and formation period,the pilot and diffusion period,and the promotion and strengthening *** change in the river and lake problems was an important driving force for the historical change of the River Leader system.A path dependent phenomenon was mainly reflected in the policy diffusion scope,problem orientation,main tasks and management *** present,there are some shortcomings in the River Leader system,such as a lack of inter-provincial coordination,imperfect evaluation mechanism,poorly coordinated management tasks,and insufficient public *** solve these problems,some policy recommendations are put *** the short term,the River Leader system will be continuously improved and *** the long term,it will be transformed into the integrated watershed management system.

关键词： River Leader system historical institutionalism historical change development trend

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Spin-state Conversion by Asymmetrical Orbital Hybridization in Ni-doped Co3O4to Boost Singlet Oxygen Generation for Microbial Disinfection

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Angewandte Chemie 2024年第12期136卷

作者： Meilin Duan Chao Huang Gong Zhang Hao Shi Pengfei Zhang Limin Li Tong Xu Zhen Zhao Zhujun Fu Jingrui Han Yuanhong Xu Xiaoteng Ding Institute of Biomedical Engineering College of Life Sciences Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 P.R. China Institute of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 Sichuan China Center for Water and Ecology State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Urology The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 P.R. China Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 P.R. China School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P.R. China

Singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) plays a significant role in environmental and biomedical disinfection fields. Electrocatalytic processes hold great potential for 1 O 2 generation, but remain challenging. Herein, a facile Ni doping converted spin-state transition approach is reported for boosting 1 O 2 production. Magnetic analysis and theoretical calculations reveal that Ni occupied at the octahedral site of Co 3 O 4 can effectively induce a low-to-high spin-state transition. The high-spin Ni−Co 3 O 4 generate appropriate binding strength and enhance electron transfer between the Co centers with oxygen intermediates, thereby improving the catalytic activity of Ni−Co 3 O 4 for effective generating 1 O 2 . In neutral conditions, 1×10 6 CFU mL −1 Gram-negative ESBL-producing Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) could be inactivated by Ni−Co 3 O 4 system within 5 min. Further antibacterial mechanisms indicate that 1 O 2 can lead to cell membrane damage and DNA degradation so as to irreversible cell death. Additionally, the developed Ni−Co 3 O 4 system can effectively inactivate bacteria from wastewater and bioaerosols. This work provides an effective strategy for designing high-spin electrocatalysis to boost 1 O 2 generation for disinfection process.

关键词： singlet oxygen spin-related orbital interaction entropy advanced oxidation processes microbial disinfection ROS regulation

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Entire Chains simulation system for Optical Remote Sensing Imaging

Entire Chains Simulation System for Optical Remote Sensing I...

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Signal, Information and Data Processing (ICSIDP), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Mengyuan Zhao Xiaoshan Ma Xin Meng Zhen Yang Xiaodong Peng University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19(A) Yuquan Road Shijingshan District Beijing China Key Laboratory of Electronics and Information Technology for Space System National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9781728123455

ISBN: (纸本)9781728123462

The optical remote sensing imaging simulation plays vital roles in the improvement of imaging system design and the evaluation of image processing algorithms. By combing quantitative radiation and computer graphics, an entire chains simulation system is designed for optical remote sensing. Analyzing the imaging process, physical models for entire image chains are built, including BRDF model, radiative transfer model, imaging system model and platform model. Based on scene data measurement, physical properties correlation and scene management, a three-dimensional (3D) digital scene is constructed. The simulation software is developed on the basis of image chains models. A material spectral database and an atmospheric parameter database compose the database system together. The software is divided into three modules: visibility calculation module, radiance calculation module and imaging module. The simulation images for different solar zenith angles and observing zenith angles are obtained. The results prove the accuracy of the simulation models and software.

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Understanding the Energy-Water-Land Flow Nexus in Transnational Trade of the Belt and Road Countries

SSRN

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SSRN 2020年

作者： Nawab, Asim Liu, Gengyuan Meng, Fanxin Zhang, Lixiao Hao, Yan Giannetti, Biagio F. Agostinho, Feni Almeida, Cecília M.V.B. Xue, Jingyan Casazza, Marco State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Beijing Engineering Research Center for Watershed Environmental Restoration & Integrated Ecological Regulation Beijing100875 China School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Yale University New HavenCT06511 United States Post-graduation Program in Production Engineering Paulista University Brazil University of Naples ‘Parthenope’ Department of Science and Technology Centro Direzionale Isola C4 Naples80143 Italy

Economic globalization and population growth have greatly challenged energy, water and land resources to meet demand at national and supra-national level. A growing share of this demand is met through trade. The Belt and Road, a major global initiative of China, with trade as one of its core fields is of particular importance due to greater potential of economic growth, substantial population size and varying degree of resource availability. The initiative reflects a new phase of globalization yet resources management with nexus thinking has received little attention. The increasing economic interdependence of national economies have contributed to rise in production and trade of goods and services, these activities require the input of energy-water-land and generate disturbances in the environment. The multi-regional input-output approach is utilized, to assess resources use by production as well as consumption (for the year 2010). A nexus strength indicator was developed to show the simultaneous use of multiple resources in economic system, conceived as resource nexus. The ternary diagrams were used for screening resources combinations along with *** revealed that China has strong nexus strength that indicates large usage of the three resources together. Besides China, the East European countries were also positioned mostly at the center of ternary plot suggesting somewhat equal contributions of energy, water and land to the resource nexus. On the contrary, countries that appeared at the margins of the plot indicated one or two stronger nexus components in the three resources system. For instance, Russia largely used land, South Korea was entirely driven by energy while India mostly used water in the ternary mix. Due to differences in industrial structure, trade policy priorities and technology use, the resource nexus matters are not the same among countries. The nexus strength indicator established that strong nexus caused by intensive use of e

关键词： Roads and streets

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Near-real-time monitoring of global CO2 emissions reveals the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic (vol 11, 5172, 2020)

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NATURE COMMUNICATIONS 2020年第1期11卷 5172页

作者： Liu, Zhu Ciais, Philippe Deng, Zhu Lei, Ruixue Davis, Steven J. Feng, Sha Zheng, Bo Cui, Duo Dou, Xinyu Zhu, Biqing Guo, Rui Ke, Piyu Sun, Taochun Lu, Chenxi He, Pan Wang, Yuan Yue, Xu Wang, Yilong Lei, Yadong Zhou, Hao Cai, Zhaonan Wu, Yuhui Guo, Runtao Han, Tingxuan Xue, Jinjun Boucher, Olivier Boucher, Eulalie Chevallier, Frederic Tanaka, Katsumasa Wei, Yiming Zhong, Haiwang Kang, Chongqing Zhang, Ning Chen, Bin Xi, Fengming Liu, Miaomiao Breon, Francois-Marie Lu, Yonglong Zhang, Qiang Guan, Dabo Gong, Peng Kammen, Daniel M. He, Kebin Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China. zhuliu@***. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE CEA CNRS UVSQ Centre d'Etudes Orme de Merisiers Gif-sur-Yvette France. Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China. Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA. Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine 3232 Croul Hall Irvine CA USA. Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing China. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China. Climate Change Research Center Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China. Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China. School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing China. School of Mathematical School Tsinghua University Beijing China. Department of Mathematical Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing China. Center of Hubei Cooperative Innovation for Emissions Trading System Wuhan China. Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace Sorbonne Université / CNRS Paris France. Université Paris Dauphine Place du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny 75016 Paris France. Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China. Department of Electrical Engineering the State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Institute for National Governance and G

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://***/10.1038/s41467-020-20254-5

关键词： Climate sciences Atmospheric science Environmental sciences Environmental social sciences

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Association of PM2.5 Reduction with Improved Kidney Function:A Nationwide Quasiexperiment among Chinese Adults

健康数据科学（英文）

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健康数据科学（英文） 2022年第3期 25-33页

作者： Yiqun Han Tao Xue Frank J.Kelly Yixuan Zheng Yao Yao Jiajianghui Li Jiwei Li Chun Fan Pengfei Li Tong Zhu Environmental Research Group MRC Centre for Environment and HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringCenter for Environment and HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina Environmental Research Group MRC Centre for Environment and HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning100012 BeijingChina China Center for Health Development Studies Peking UniversityBeijingChina College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Computer Center Peking University and Peng Cheng LaboratoryChina Advanced Institute of Information Technology Peking UniversityChina BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringCenter for Environment and HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

*** evidence from human studies has revealed the adverse impact of ambient fine particles(PM2.5)on health outcomes related to metabolic disorders and distant *** exposure to ambient PM2.5 leads to kidney impairment remains *** rapid air quality improvement driven by the clean air actions in China since 2013 provides an opportunity for a quasiexperiment to investigate the beneficial effect of PM2.5 reduction on kidney *** on two repeated nationwide surveys of the same population of 5115 adults in 2011 and 2015,we conducted a difference-in-difference *** in long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 were associated with changes in kidney function biomarkers,including estimated glomerular filtration rate by serum creatinine(GFRscr)or cystatin C(GFRcys),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),and uric acid(UA).*** a 10μg/m3 reduction in PM2.5,a significant improvement was observed for multiple kidney functional biomarkers,including GFRscr,BUN and UA,with a change of 0.42(95％confidence interval[CI]:0.06,0.78)mL/min/1.73m2,-0.38(-0.64,-0.12)mg/dL,and-0.06(-0.12,-0.00)mg/dL,respectively.A lower socioeconomic status,indicated by rural residence or low educational level,enhanced the adverse effect of PM2.5 on kidney *** results support a significant nephrotoxicity of PM2.5 based on multiple serum biomarkers and indicate a beneficial effect of improved air quality on kidney function.

关键词： association chinese improved function kidney with adults among nationwide quasiexperiment

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INTRODUCTION

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Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2024年第8期105卷 S1-S11页

作者： Boyer, T. Blunden, J. Dunn, R.J.H. NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Silver Spring Maryland NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Asheville North Carolina Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter United Kingdom European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reading United Kingdom University of Maryland College Park Maryland Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California NOAA/NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Prediction Center College Park Maryland Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU) Cottbus-Senftenberg Germany Servicio Meteorológico Nacional Buenos Aires Argentina NOAA/OAR Physical Sciences Laboratory Boulder Colorado European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Bonn Germany Center for Geophysical Research and School of Physics University of Costa Rica San José Costa Rica Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Earth Observation University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais CEMADEN São Paulo Brazil Université Grenoble Alpes Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement IRD CNRS Grenoble INP Grenoble France Hampton University Hampton Virginia Seychelles Meteorological Authority Mahe Seychelles Section for Glaciers Ice and Snow Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate Oslo Norway National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment (INRAE) CARRTEL Université Savoie Mont Blanc Thonon les Bains France Graduate School of Agriculture Osaka Metropolitan University Sakai Japan Science Faculty Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia University of Bremen Bremen Germany NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory Boulder Colorado Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú Lima Perú Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación – Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-UV-GVA) Valencia Spain Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL) Ghent University Ghent Belgium Department o

In 2023, La Niña conditions that generally prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean from mid-2020 into early 2023 gave way to a strong El Niño by October. Atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—all increased to record-high levels. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere rose to 419.3±0.1 ppm, which is 50% greater than the pre-industrial level. The growth from 2022 to 2023 was 2.8 ppm, the fourth highest in the record since the 1960s. The combined short-term effects of El Niño and the long-term effects of increasing levels of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere contributed to new records for many essential climate variables reported here. The annual global temperature across land and oceans was the highest in records dating as far back as 1850, with the last seven months (June–December) having each been record warm. Over land, the globally averaged temperature was also record high. Dozens of countries reported record or near-record warmth for the year, including China and continental Europe as a whole (warmest on record), India and Russia (second warmest), and Canada (third warmest). Intense and widespread heatwaves were reported around the world. In Vietnam, an all-time national maximum temperature record of 44.2°C was observed at Tuong Duong on 7 May, surpassing the previous record of 43.4°C at Huong Khe on 20 April 2019. In Brazil, the air temperature reached 44.8°C in Araçuaí in Minas Gerais on 20 November, potentially a new national record and 12.8°C above normal. The effect of rising temperatures was apparent in the cryosphere, where snow cover extent by June 2023 was the smallest in the 56-year record for North America and seventh smallest for the Northern Hemisphere overall. Heatwaves contributed to the greatest average mass balance loss for Alpine glaciers around the world since the start of the record in 1970. Due to rapid volume loss beginning in 2021, St. A

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Discovery of dual "little red dots" indicates excess clustering on kilo-parsec scales

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Tanaka, Takumi S. Silverman, John D. Shimasaku, Kazuhiro Arita, Junya Akins, Hollis B. Inayoshi, Kohei Ding, Xuheng Onoue, Masafusa Liu, Zhaoxuan Casey, Caitlin M. Lambrides, Erini Kokorev, Vasily Jin, Shuowen Faisst, Andreas L. Drakos, Nicole Shen, Yue Li, Junyao Zhuang, Mingyang Fei, Qinyue Ito, Kei Ren, Wenke Matsui, Suin Ando, Makoto Hatano, Shun Fujii, Michiko S. Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S. Koekemoer, Anton M. Liu, Daizhong McCracken, Henry Joy Rhodes, Jason Robertson, Brant E. Franco, Maximilien Andika, Irham T. Cloonan, Aidan P. Fan, Xiaohui Gozaliasl, Ghassem Harish, Santosh Hayward, Christopher C. Huertas-Company, Marc Kakkad, Darshan Kinugawa, Tomoya Roy, Namrata Shuntov, Marko Talia, Margherita Toft, Sune Vijayan, Aswin P. Zhang, Yiyang The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study The University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba277-8583 Japan Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan UTIAS The University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba277-8583 Japan Center for Astrophysical Sciences Department of Physics and Astronomy Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States Research Center for the Early Universe Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan Department of Astronomy The University of Texas at Austin 2515 Speedway Boulevard Stop C1400 AustinTX78712 United States Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Beijing100871 China School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China Denmark NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center Code 662 GreenbeltMD20771 United States Kapteyn Astronomical Institute University of Groningen Groningen9700 AV Netherlands DTU Space Technical University of Denmark Elektrovej Building 328 Kgs. Lyngby2800 Denmark Caltech/IPAC 1200 E. California Blvd PasadenaCA91125 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Hawaii Hilo 200 W Kawili St. HiloHI96720 United States Department of Astronomy University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States National Center for Supercomputing Applications University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Astronomy School of Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Osawa 2-21-1 Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Laboratory for Multiwave

"Little Red Dots" (LRDs) are an abundant high-redshift population newly discovered by the James Webb space Telescope (JWST). They are characterized by a red color in the rest-frame optical band, compact morphology, and broad Balmer emission lines (FWHM >∼ 1000 km s−1) that suggest an AGN nature. Using a method of pixel-by-pixel color selection and relaxing the compactness criteria, we identify three of the first dual LRD candidates in the COSMOS-Web survey with projected separations of 0.′′2-0.′′4 (1-2 pkpc at their photometric redshifts). A comparison between existing LRD samples and mock data reveals that the projected separations of these dual LRD candidates are unlikely to result from chance projections of objects at different redshifts. In one case (CW-B5-15958), the dual LRD includes two bright sources (mF444W = 24.3 and 24.8) with characteristic V-shape spectral energy distribution (SEDs) and photometric redshifts consistent with each other. We find that CW-B5-15958 has a faint off-centered component and a companion galaxy. In the other two dual systems, the brighter LRD exhibits a V-shape SED, while the fainter LRD (mF444W>∼ 26) is undetected in both F115W and F150W. These discoveries suggest that the angular auto-correlation function (ACF) of LRDs exhibits a significant excess (∼ 3 × 102 times) on sub-arcsec (kilo-parsec) separations compared to the extrapolation of a power-law ACF of JWST-found AGNs measured over 10′′-100′′. Follow-up spectroscopic confirmation of their redshifts and the construction of a larger sample are essential to advance our understanding of the evolution of supermassive black holes and the importance of mergers in the early universe. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Pixels

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Research on weapon system portfolio selection based on combat network modeling 11

Research on weapon system portfolio selection based on comba...

引用

11th Annual IEEE International systems Conference, SysCon 2017

作者： Cheng, Cheng Li, Jichao Zhao, Qingsong Jiang, Jiang Yu, Lixin Shang, Huilin College of Information System and Management National University of Defense Technology Changsha China Science and Technology on Special System Simulation Laboratory Beijing Simulation Center Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509046225

Joint operations and combat system-of-systems encounter have become major developing trends of modern warfare. Weapon system portfolio selection attracts much attention, because it is closely related to the production, deployment and operation of weapons, which is a crucial factor determining the outcome of the war. This paper presents a portfolio selection model of the weapon systems based on the combat network. Firstly, we describe the portfolio selection problem of weapon systems based on the combat network, introduce the concept of operation loop, and analyze difficulties and strategies of the optimization problem. Then on this basis, the combat network of the weapon equipment system is modeled, and the operational capability evaluation index of weapon system-of-systems based on the operational loop is constructed. Portfolio selection model based on combat network is established to maximize the combined combat capability of the weapon as an optimization target, and the capacity demand and the expense restriction as constraints. Finally, we take the missile defense system as a example to demonstrate the whole calculation process and results of the weapon system portfolio selection based on the combat network model. It shows that our proposed method can achieve a very good performance to solve weapon system portfolio selection problems. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： system of systems

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