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Electron microscopy observations of the diversity of Ryugu organic matter and its relationship to minerals at the micro- to nano-scale

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Meteoritics and Planetary science 2024年第8期59卷 2023-2043页

作者： Stroud, Rhonda M. Barosch, Jens Bonal, Lydie Burgess, Katherine Cody, George D. De Gregorio, Bradley T. Daly, Luke Dartois, Emmanuel Dobrică, Elena Duprat, Jean Engrand, Cecile Harries, Dennis Hashiguchi, Minako Ishii, Hope Kebukawa, Yoko Kilcoyne, A. David Langenhorst, Falko Lee, Martin R. Nittler, Larry R. Quirico, Eric Okumura, Taiga Remusat, Laurent Sandford, Scott Yabuta, Hikaru Abe, Masanao Abreu, Neyda M. Bagot, Paul A. J. Beck, Pierre Bejach, Laure Bland, Phil A. Bridges, John C. Cymes, Brittany A. Dazzi, Alexandre de la Peña, Francisco Deniset-Besseau, Ariane Enju, Satomi Enokido, Yuma Frank, David R. Gray, Jennifer Haruta, Mitsutaka Hata, Satoshi Hicks, Leon Igami, Yohei Jacob, Damien Kamide, Kanami Komatsu, Mutsumi Laforet, Sylvain Leroux, Hugues Le Guillou, Corentin Martins, Zita Marinova, Maya Martinez, James Mathurin, Jérémie Matsumoto, Megumi Matsumoto, Toru Matsuno, Junya McFadzean, Samuel Michikami, Tatsuhiro Mitsukawa, Itaru Miyake, Akira Miyahara, Masaaki Miyazaki, Akiko Montagnac, Gilles Mostefaoui, Smail Nakamura, Tomoki Nakato, Aiko Naraoka, Hiroshi Nakauchi, Yusuke Nakazawa, Satoru Nishimura, Masahiro Noguchi, Takaaki Ohtaki, Kenta Ohigashi, Takuji Okada, Tatsuaki Okumura, Shota Okazaki, Ryuji Phan, Thi H. V. Rebois, Rolando Sakamoto, Kanako Saiki, Takanao Saito, Hikaru Seto, Yusuke Shigenaka, Miho Smith, William Suga, Hiroki Sun, Mingqi Tachibana, Shogo Takahashi, Yoshio Takeichi, Yasuo Takeuchi, Akihisa Takigawa, Aki Tamenori, Yusuke Tanaka, Satoshi Terui, Fuyuto Thompson, Michelle S. Tomioka, Naotaka Tsuchiyama, Akira Tsuda, Yuichi Uesugi, Kentaro Uesugi, Masayuki Usui, Tomohiro Verdier-Paoletti, Maximilien Wakabayashi, Daisuke Watanabe, Sei-ichiro Yada, Toru Yamashita, Shohei Yasutake, Masahiro Yogata, Kasumi Yoshikawa, Makoto Yurimoto, Hisayoshi Zanetta, Pierre-M. Zega, Thomas Zolensky, Michael E. School of Earth and Space Exploration Arizona State University Materials Science and Technology Division US Naval Research Laboratory Earth and Planets Laboratory Carnegie Institution for Science Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique Université Grenoble Alpes School of Geographical and Earth Sciences University of Glasgow Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis University of Sydney Department of Materials University of Oxford Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay Université Paris-Saclay Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Hawai‘i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Institut de Mineralogie Physique des Materiaux et Cosmochimie Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7590 Sorbonne Université Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université Paris-Saclay Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology European Space Resources Innovation Centre Graduate School of Environmental Studies Nagoya University Department of Chemistry and Life Science Yokohama National University Institute of Geoscience Friedrich Schiller University Jena Department of Earth and Planetary Science The University of Tokyo NASA Ames Research Center Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science Hiroshima University Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency The Graduate University for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI Langley Research Center NASA School of Earth and Planetary Sciences Curtin University School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leicester Institut Chimie Physique Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université Paris-Saclay Université de Lille CNRS INRAE Centrale Lille Université Artois FR 2638-IMEC-Institut Michel-Eugène Chevreul Department of Mathematics Physics and Earth Science Ehime University Department of Earth Science Tohoku University Materials Characterization Lab Th

Transmission electron microscopy analyses of Hayabusa2 samples show that Ryugu organic matter exhibits a range of morphologies, elemental compositions, and carbon functional chemistries consistent with those of carbonaceous chondrites that have experienced low-temperature aqueous alteration. Both nanoglobules and diffuse organic matter are abundant. Non-globular organic particles are also present, and including some that contain nanodiamond clusters. Diffuse organic matter is finely distributed in and around phyllosilicates, forms coatings on other minerals, and is also preserved in vesicles in secondary minerals such as carbonate and pyrrhotite. The average elemental compositions determined by energy-dispersive spectroscopy of extracted, demineralized insoluble organic matter samples A0107 and C0106 are C₁₀₀N₃O₉S₁ and C₁₀₀N₃O₇S₁, respectively, with the difference in O/C slightly outside the difference in the standard error of the mean. The functional chemistry of the nanoglobules varies from mostly aromatic C=C to mixtures of aromatic C=C, ketone C=O, aliphatic (CH_n), and carboxyl (COOH) groups. Diffuse organic matter associated with phyllosilicates has variable aromatic C, ketone and carboxyl groups, and some localized aliphatics, but is dominated by molecular carbonate (CO₃) absorption, comparable to prior observations of clay-bound organic matter in CI meteorites. © 2024 The Authors. Meteoritics & Planetary science published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Meteoritical Society.

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An energy-based approach to satellite attitude control in presence of disturbances for a cubesat mission 71

An energy-based approach to satellite attitude control in pr...

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71st International Astronautical Congress, IAC 2020

作者： Chaves-Jiménez, Adolfo Muñoz-Arias, Mauricio Space Systems Engineering Laboratory Costa Rica Institute of Technology Cartago Costa Rica Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands

The aim of this paper is to present a novel control strategy of the satellite attitude control problem on an energy-based setting, more specifically on the port-Hamiltonian framework. Controlling the orientation of a satellite becomes challenging in presence of nonlinear external disturbances such as the gravity-gradient torque and the atmospheric drag, which are external torques coming from the iteration of the spacecraft with external entities. We make use of the advantages of representing the system under study via the port-Hamiltonian framework due to its clear control design philosophy. The structure presented on the energy setting shows the interconnection of energy storage and dissipation elements plus the input and output ports pair, i.e., efforts and flows of the mechanical system. Then, the provided approach attains an asymptotic stable orientation where the key control strategy depends on the orientation and rotation velocity measurements, together with an integral action on the system's output. Furthermore, the advantage of our approach relies on an energy consumption optimization of the controller, together with the lack of linearization strategies due to the modeling-based framework. Consequently, the closed-loop system shows robustness in terms of parameters uncertainty due to the nature of the port-Hamiltonian approach. Moreover, a numerical propagation of the spacecraft attitude states is provided where we have considered a satellite placed in an orbit that experiences gravity gradient and atmospheric drag external torques similarly to the orbit and external torques experienced by the International space Station's orbit. Here, the perturbations are simulated by propagating both the attitude and the orbit of the spacecraft, with atmospheric drag modeled as a coupled orbit and attitude dependent perturbation. The propagation is done modeled to replicate the conditions of the mission GWSat, a 3-unit CubeSat mission lead by the George Washington Univers

关键词： Controllers

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Reliability-Latency-Rate Tradeoff in Low-Latency Communications with Finite-Blocklength Coding

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Li, Lintao Chen, Wei Popovski, Petar Letaief, Khaled B. Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China State Key Laboratory of Space Network and Communications The Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Beijing100084 China Department of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Aalborg9220 Denmark Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong

Low-latency communication plays an increasingly important role in delay-sensitive applications by ensuring the real-time information exchange. However, due to the constraint on the maximum instantaneous power, guaranteeing bounded latency is challenging. In this paper, we investigate the reliability-latency-rate tradeoff in low-latency communication systems with finite-blocklength coding (FBC). Specifically, we are interested in the fundamental tradeoff between error probability, delay-violation probability (DVP), and service rate. Based on the effective capacity (EC), we present the gain-conservation equations to characterize the reliability-latency-rate tradeoffs in low-latency communication systems. In particular, we investigate the low-latency transmissions over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and a Nakagami-m fading channel. By defining the service rate gain, reliability gain, and real-time gain, we conduct an asymptotic analysis to reveal the fundamental reliability-latency-rate tradeoff of ultra-reliable and low-latency communications in the high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) regime. To analytically evaluate and optimize the quality-of-service-constrained throughput of low-latency communication systems adopting FBC, an EC-approximation method is conceived to derive the closed-form expression of that throughput. Our results may offer some insights into the efficient scheduling of low-latency wireless communications, in which statistical latency and reliability metrics are crucial. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Asymptotic analysis

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Key Techniques on Unified Identity Authentication in OpenMBEE Integration

Key Techniques on Unified Identity Authentication in OpenMBE...

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IEEE International Conference on Electronics and Communication Engineering (ICECE)

作者： Junjie Xue Junhua Zhou Guoqiang Shi Chaoqun Feng Penghua Liu Hongyan Quan Beijing Complex Product Advanced Manufacturing Engineering Research Center Beijing Simulation Center Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing System Technology Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineering Beijing China Beijing Simulation Center Science and Technology on Space System Simulation Laboratory Beijing China School of Computer Science and Technology East China Normal University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728188577

In order to make full use of the concept of model-based systems engineering (MBSE) and the collaborative design capability of the open model-based engineering environment (OpenMBEE) in establishing complex product development platform, we propose an effective method to solve the problem of unified identity authentication in OpenMBEE integration. The proposed method is based on the Model View Controller(MVC) architecture in OpenMBEE, which has the characteristics strong plasticity and can be benefit for expanding the function in the controller layer. In our research, we make full use of the Software Development Kit (SDK) of OpenMBEE to expand the existing functions in the controller layer, and increase the function of communicating with the application development platform, then realize the function of sharing user authentication information between the development platform and OpenMBEE. After expansion, the system includes three modules, including the Front-end Service Module(FSM), MQ based Information Receiving Service Module(IFRSM), and the OpenMBEE Backend Server Module(BSM). The effectiveness of the proposed strategies is verified by some practical instances, which verifies that our study can provide an effective design idea for the identity authentication in OpenMBEE integration.

关键词： Analytical models Databases Authentication Computer architecture Control systems Data models Software

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Detection of visible-wavelength aurora on Mars

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science Advances 2025年第20期11卷 eads1563页

作者： Knutsen, Elise W. McConnochie, Timothy H. Lemmon, Mark Donaldson, Chris Francis, Raymond Legett, Carey Viet, Shayla B. Soret, Lauriane Toledo, Daniel Apéstigue, Victor Witasse, Olivier Montmessin, Franck Jolitz, Rebecca Schneider, Nicolas M. Tamppari, Leslie Cousin, Agnès Wiens, Roger C. Maurice, Sylvestre Bell, James F. Forni, Olivier Lasue, Jeremie Pilleri, Paolo Bertrand, Tanguy Patel, Priya Schröder, Susanne Curry, Shannon Lee, Christina O. Rahmati, Ali University of Oslo CENSSS Oslo Norway Space Science Institute BoulderCO United States Malin Space Science Systems San DiegoCA United States Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM United States Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire STAR Institute Université de Liège Liege Belgium Madrid Spain ESA ESTEC Noordwijk Netherlands LATMOS IPSL UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay Sorbonne Université CNRS Paris France Labora-tory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado BoulderCO United States IRAP–Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie Toulouse France Purdue University West LafayetteIN United States School of Earth and Space Exploration Arizona State University TempeAZ United States LESIA Paris Observatory Paris France Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College London London United Kingdom Institute of Optical Sensor Systems Berlin Germany Space Sciences Laboratory University of California BerkeleyCA United States

Mars hosts various auroral processes despite the planet’s tenuous atmosphere and lack of a global magnetic field. To date, all aurora observations have been at ultraviolet wavelengths from orbit. We describe the discovery of green visible-wavelength aurora, originating from the atomic oxygen line at 557.7 nanometers, detected with the SuperCam and Mastcam-Z instruments on the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover. Near–real-time simulations of a Mars-directed coronal mass ejection (CME) provided sufficient lead-time to schedule an observation with the rover. The emission was observed 3 days after the CME eruption, suggesting that the aurora was induced by particles accelerated by the moving shock front. To our knowledge, detection of aurora from a planetary surface other than Earth has never been reported, nor has visible aurora been observed at Mars. This detection demonstrates that auroral forecasting at Mars is possible, and that during events with higher particle precipitation, or under less dusty atmospheric conditions, aurorae will be visible to future astronauts. Copyright © 2025 The Authors, some rights reserved.

关键词： Martian surface analysis

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Integrated carbon and nitrogen management for cost-effective environmental policies in China

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science 2025年第6751期388卷 1098-1103页

作者： Xin Xu Xiuming Zhang Yiyang Zou Tianrun Chen Jingfang Zhan Luxi Cheng Wilfried Winiwarter Shaohui Zhang Peter M. Vitousek Wim de Vries Baojing Gu State Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Safety Zhejiang University Hangzhou China. College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Laxenburg Austria. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health Zhejiang University Hangzhou China. College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China. Policy Simulation Laboratory Zhejiang University Hangzhou China. Institute of Environmental Engineering University of Zielona Góra Zielona Góra Poland. School of Economics and Management Beihang University Beijing China. Department of Earth System Science Stanford University Stanford CA USA. Wageningen University and Research Earth Systems and Global Change Group Wageningen Netherlands. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment Zhejiang University Hangzhou China.

Carbon and nitrogen are central elements in global biogeochemical cycles. To effectively manage carbon and nitrogen in China, we developed a comprehensive model for quantifying their fluxes, investigating their interplay across 16 human and natural subsystems. Between 1980 and 2020, nitrogen losses in China increased 2.3-fold and carbon emissions surged 6.5-fold. Integrated carbon and nitrogen management holds the potential for a 74% reduction in nitrogen losses to air and water and a 91% decrease in carbon emissions to the atmosphere by 2060. Compared with separate control of carbon or nitrogen, integrated management delivers an additional reduction of 1.8 million tons of nitrogen and 26.5 million tons of carbon by 2060, bringing out a 37% decrease in unit abatement cost and a net societal benefit of 1384 billion USD.

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Robust and Efficient Fault Diagnosis of mm-Wave Active Phased Arrays using Baseband Signal

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Nielsen, Martin H. Zhang, Yufeng Xue, Changbin Ren, Jian Yin, Yingzeng Shen, Ming Pedersen, Gert F. The Department of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Aalborg9220 Denmark The National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China The National Key Laboratory of Antennas and Microwave Technology Xidian University Xi’an China

One key communication block in 5G and 6G radios is the active phased array (APA). To ensure reliable operation, efficient and timely fault diagnosis of APAs on-site is crucial. To date, fault diagnosis has relied on measurement of frequency domain radiation patterns using costly equipment and multiple strictly controlled measurement probes, which are time-consuming, complex, and therefore infeasible for on-site deployment. This paper proposes a novel method exploiting a Deep Neural Network (DNN) tailored to extract the features hidden in the baseband in-phase and quadrature signals for classifying the different faults. It requires only a single probe in one measurement point for fast and accurate diagnosis of the faulty elements and components in APAs. Validation of the proposed method is done using a commercial 28 GHz APA. Accuracies of 99% and 80% have been demonstrated for single- and multi-element failure detection, respectively. Three different test scenarios are investigated: on-off antenna elements, phase variations, and magnitude attenuation variations. In a low signal to noise ratio of 4 dB, stable fault detection accuracy above 90% is maintained. This is all achieved with a detection time of milliseconds (e.g 6 ms), showing a high potential for on-site deployment. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Failure analysis

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Stochasticity dominates assembly processes of soil nematode metacommunities on three Asian mountains

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Pedosphere 2023年第2期33卷 331-342页

作者： Shuqi ZOU Jonathan ADAMS Zhi YU Nan LI Dorsaf KERFAHI Binu TRIPATHI Changbae LEE Teng YANG Itumeleng MOROENYANE Xing CHEN Jinsoo KIM Hyun Jeong KWAK Matthew Chidozie OGWU Sang-Seob LEE Ke DONG Department of Integrative Biotechnology Sungkyunkwan University300 Chuncheon-DongSuwon 16419(Korea) School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210008(China) Key laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent SimulationNanning Normal University175 East Mingxiu RoadNanning 530001(China) School of Natural Sciences Department of Biological SciencesKeimyung UniversityDaegu 42601(Korea) Korea Polar Research Institute Incheon 21990(Korea) Department of Forestry Environment and SystemsKookmin UniversitySeoul 02707(Korea) State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences71 East Beijing RoadNanjing 210008(China) Institut National Recherche Scientifique Institut Armand-Frappier SantéBiotechnologie531 Boulevard des PrairiesLaval H7V1B7(Canada) College of Life Science and Technology Guangxi University100 Daxue RoadNanning 530004(China) Department of Biological Sciences Kyonggi University154-42 Gwanggyosan-roYeongtong-guSuwon-siGyeonggi-do 16227(Korea) School of Biological Sciences Seoul National University1 Gwanak-roSeoul 08826(Korea)

Nematodes play an important role in ecosystems;however,very little is known about their assembly processes and the factors influencing *** studied nematode communities in bulk soils from three Asian mountain ecosystems to determine the assembly processes of free-living nematode metacommunities and their driving *** each mountain,elevations span a range of climatic conditions with the potential to reveal assembly processes that predominate across multiple biomes.A phylogenetic null modeling framework was used to analyze 18S rRNA gene amplicons to quantify various assembly *** found that phylogenetic turnover between nematode communities on all mountains was dominated by stochastic processes,with“undominated processes”being the most predominant stochastic *** has a significant impact on the relative importance of deterministic and stochastic processes.A variety of climatic and edaphic variables significantly influenced the variations in community assembly processes with elevation,even though their impacts were not consistent between the ***,our results indicate that free-living nematode metacommunities in a wide range of environments are largely structured by stochastic processes rather than by niche-based deterministic processes,suggesting that metacommunities of soil free-living nematodes may respond to climate change in a largely unpredictable way.

关键词： climate change ecological drift elevation gradient environmental stress stochastic process

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An Improved PC-Kriging Method for Efficient Robust Design Optimization

An Improved PC-Kriging Method for Efficient Robust Design Op...

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作者： Lin, Qizhang Chen, Chao Xiong, Fenfen Chen, Shishi Wang, Fenggang School of Aerospace Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China Science and Technology on Complex Aviation Systems Simulation Laboratory Beijing100076 China Beijing Electromechanical Engineering Institute Beijing100074 China

The polynomial-chaos-kriging (PC-Kriging) method has been derived as a new uncertainty propagation approach and widely used for robust design optimization in a straightforward manner, of which the statistical moments would be estimated through directly conducting Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) on the PC-Kriging model. However, the computational cost still cannot be negligible because thousands of statistical moment estimations might be performed during robust optimization, especially for highly nonlinear and complicated engineering problems. An analytical statistical moment estimation method is derived for PC-Kriging in this work to reduce the computational cost rather than referring to MCS. Meanwhile, a sequential sampling strategy is applied for PC-Kriging model construction, in which the sample points are not generated all at once, but sequentially allocated in the region with the largest prediction uncertainty to improve the accuracy of PC-Kriging model as much as possible. Through testing on three mathematical examples and an airfoil robust optimization design problem, it is noticed that the improved PC-Kriging method with analytical statistical moment estimation and sequential sampling strategy is more efficient than the traditional ones, demonstrating its effectiveness and advantage. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.

关键词： Kriging

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The Role of Bridging Adsorbed Peroxymonosulfate on the Performance of Cu-Based Catalyst for Selective Decomposition of Bisphenol a

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Chen, Xiang Guo, Tao Yin, Lifeng Zhang, Yuanzheng Niu, Junfeng Crittenden, John C. State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China College of Environment Science and Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing102206 China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States

Effective degradation of aquatic contaminants largely depends on the adsorption of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) on active sites of catalysts. However, the influence of PMS adsorption on activation mechanism of PMS has not been well-explored. In this study, metal-organic framework (MOF)-oriented Cu1 catalyst (Cu-NC) was highly selective and efficient in decomposing bisphenol A (BPA) by activating PMS. The kinetic rate was as high as 0.165 s-1, over 99.9% of BPA removed in 180 s. Accordingly, we gradually eliminated the suspicion of free radicals and 1O2 oxidation and determined the degradation process was dominated by electron transfer from BPA to Cu-NC. Therefore, we proposed a mechanism of PMS activation based on capture of electrons from Cu-NC. The results indicated that PMS with bridging adsorption on the Cu site had more suitable adsorption energy which induced more intensively electron transfer than conventional single site adsorption, and destroyed electron donors more efficiently and highly selectively. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adsorption

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