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The bulk motion of gas in the core of the Centaurus galaxy cluster

Nature 2025年第8050期638卷 365-369页

作者： Majumder, Anwesh Hosogi, Kokoro Sun, Ming Plšek, Tomáš Werner, Norbert Kondo, Marie Zhuravleva, Irina Yukita, Mihoko Yoshida, Tessei Yoneyama, Tomokage Yaqoob, Tahir Yamauchi, Shigeo Yamauchi, Makoto Yamasaki, Noriko Y. Yamaoka, Kazutaka Yamaguchi, Hiroya Yamada, Shinya Yamada, Satoshi Williams, Brian J. Watanabe, Shin Vink, Jacco Uno, Shinichiro Ueda, Yoshihiro Uchiyama, Hideki Uchida, Yuusuke Uchida, Nagomi Uchida, Hiroyuki Tsuru, Takeshi G. Tsunemi, Hiroshi Tsujimoto, Masahiro Tsuboi, Yohko Trigo, María Díaz Terashima, Yuichi Terada, Yukikatsu Tashiro, Makoto Tanimoto, Atsushi Tanaka, Takaaki Tamura, Keisuke Tamagawa, Toru Takeo, Mai Takahashi, Hiromitsu Szymkowiak, Andrew Suzuki, Hiromasa Smith, Randall Simionescu, Aurora Shidatsu, Megumi Seta, Hiromi Sawada, Makoto Sato, Toshiki Sato, Kosuke Pottschmidt, Katja Porter, Frederick Scott Plucinsky, Paul Petre, Robert Paltani, Stephane Ota, Naomi Okajima, Takashi Ogorzalek, Anna Ogawa, Shoji Odaka, Hirokazu Noda, Hirofumi Nobukawa, Masayoshi Nobukawa, Kumiko Ness, Jan-Uwe Nakazawa, Kazuhiro Nakajima, Hiroshi Mushotzky, Richard Murakami, Hiroshi Mukai, Koji Mori, Koji Mizuno, Tsunefumi Mizumoto, Misaki Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki Miller, Jon M. Miller, Eric D. Mernier, François McNamara, Brian McCammon, Dan Matsushita, Kyoko Matsumoto, Hironori Markevitch, Maxim Maeda, Yoshitomo Loewenstein, Michael Leutenegger, Maurice Kubota, Aya Kohmura, Takayoshi Kobayashi, Shogo Kitamoto, Shunji Kilbourne, Caroline Kelley, Richard Kanemaru, Yoshiaki Katsuda, Satoru Kara, Erin Kallman, Timothy Kaastra, Jelle Ishisaki, Yoshitaka Ishikawa, Kumi Ishida, Manabu Ichinohe, Yuto Hornschemeier, Ann Hodges-Kluck, Edmund Hell, Natalie Hayashi, Takayuki Hayashi, Katsuhiro Hatsukade, Isamu Hamaguchi, Kenji Hagino, Kouichi Guainazzi, Matteo Gu, Liyi García, Javier A. Gallo, Luigi Furuzawa, Akihiro Fukushima, Kotaro Fukazawa, Yasushi Fujita, Yutaka Fujimoto, Ryuichi Foster, Adam Ezoe, Yuichiro Eguchi, Satoshi Enoto, Teruaki Eckert, Dominique Eckart, Megan E. Ebisawa, Ken Dotani, Tadayasu Done, Chris Department of Physics Ehime University Matsuyama Japan Department of Astronomy University of Maryland College Park MD United States NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology NASA/GSFC (CRESST II) Greenbelt MD United States Department of Physics University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Physics Technion Haifa Israel Center for Space Science and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD United States Center for Astrophysics | Harvard-Smithsonian Cambridge MA United States Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore CA United States Department of Astronomy University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research Leiden Netherlands Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy Department of Physics University of Durham Durham United Kingdom Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Kanagawa Japan Department of Physics Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Department of Economics Kumamoto Gakuen University Kumamoto Japan Department of Physics Tokyo Metropolitan University Tokyo Japan Department of Physics Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan Department of Physics Fujita Health University Toyoake Japan Department of Astronomy and Physics Saint Mary’s University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA United States European Space Agency (ESA) European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC) Noordwijk Netherlands Faculty of Engineering University of Miyazaki Miyazaki Japan RIKEN Nishina Center Saitama Japan Leiden Observatory University of Leiden Leiden Netherlands Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States Department of Physics Saitama University Saitama Japan Department of Physics Rikkyo Universi

Galaxy clusters contain vast amounts of hot ionized gas known as the intracluster medium (ICM). In relaxed cluster cores, the radiative cooling time of the ICM is shorter than the age of the cluster. However, the absence of line emission associated with cooling suggests heating mechanisms that offset the cooling, with feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) being the most likely source^1,2. Turbulence and bulk motions, such as the oscillating (‘sloshing’) motion of the core gas in the cluster potential well, have also been proposed as mechanisms for heat distribution from the outside of the core^3,4. Here we present X-ray spectroscopic observations of the Centaurus galaxy cluster with the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission satellite. We find that the hot gas flows along the line of sight relative to the central galaxy, with velocities from 130 km s⁻¹ to 310 km s⁻¹ within about 30 kpc of the centre. This indicates bulk flow consistent with core gas sloshing. Although the bulk flow may prevent excessive accumulation of cooled gas at the centre, it could distribute the heat injected by the AGN and bring in thermal energy from the surrounding ICM. The velocity dispersion of the gas is found to be only ≲120 km s⁻¹ in the core, even within about 10 kpc of the AGN. This suggests that the influence of the AGN on the surrounding ICM motion is limited in the cluster. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2025.

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A Large-Scale Scheduling Method for Multiple Agile Optical Satellites

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2023年第8期136卷 1143-1163页

作者： Zheng Liu Wei Xiong Minghui Xiong Science and Technology on Complex Electronic System Simulation Laboratory Space Engineering UniversityBeijing101416China

This study investigates the scheduling problem ofmultiple agile optical satelliteswith large-scale *** problem is difficult to solve owing to the time-dependent characteristic of agile optical satellites,complex constraints,and considerable solution *** solve the problem,we propose a scheduling method based on an improved sine and cosine algorithm and a task merging *** first establish a scheduling model with task merging constraints and observation action constraints to describe the ***,an improved sine and cosine algorithm is proposed to search for the optimal solution with the maximum profit *** adaptive cosine factor and an adaptive greedy factor are adopted to improve the ***,a taskmerging method with a task reallocation mechanism is developed to improve the scheduling *** results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm over the comparison algorithms.

关键词： Multiple agile optical satellites scheduling task merging sine and cosine algorithm task reallocation

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A mechanism for ice growth on the surface of a spherical water droplet

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Yang Parashar, Prachi Brevik, Iver Persson, Clas Malyi, O.I. Boström, Mathias School of Physics and Materials Science Nanchang University Nanchang330031 China Institute of Space Science and Technology Nanchang University Nanchang330031 China John A. Logan College CartervilleIL62918 United States Department of Energy and Process Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology TrondheimNO-7491 Norway Department of Materials Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology StockholmSE-100 44 Sweden Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory Quanzhou362801 China Centre of Excellence ENSEMBLE3 Sp. z o. o. Wolczynska Str. 133 Warsaw01-919 Poland Chemical and Biological Systems Simulation Lab Centre of New Technologies University of Warsaw Banacha 2C Warsaw02-097 Poland

The formation and growth of ice particles, particularly on the surfaces of spherical water droplets, bear profound implications for localized weather systems and global climate. Herein, we develop a theoretical framework for ice nucleation on minuscule water droplets, establishing that 10 ∼ 5000 nm droplets can considerably increase in volume, making a substantial contribution to ice formation within mist, fog, or even cloud systems. We reveal that the Casimir-Lifshitz (van der Waals) interaction within these systems is robust enough to stimulate both water and ice growth on the surfaces of ice-cold spherical water droplets. The significant impacts and possible detectable phenomena from the curvature are demonstrated. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Van der Waals forces

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Highly stable and wide-range flexible pressure sensors with a gradient modulus and selective foaming layer

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Chemical Engineering Journal 2025年 515卷

作者： Wang, Meng Li, Wendong Lv, Yadong Li, Guangxian Zhao, Zhijun Wang, Yaobing Zhou, Qinghua Pu, Wei Kong, Miqiu School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Key Laboratory of Advanced Spatial Mechanism and Intelligent Spacecraft Ministry of Education National Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials Sichuan University Chengdu610065 China College of Polymer Science and Engineering National Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials Sichuan University Chengdu610065 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Space Robotic Systems Technology and Applications Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering Beijing100094 China

The service life and stability of flexible pressure sensors vary with the interfacial toughness of these multilayered structures, which are principally fabricated by adhesive bonding, hot melting, and interconnection. However, balancing the trade-off between interface toughness and sensing performance under complex stresses remains challenging. To address this issue, a foam sandwich structure with gradient modulus is constructed by integrating a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/carbon nanotube electrode with a selectively foamed TPU/ionic liquid dielectric. The synthesis is fundamentally inspired by the molecular chain entanglements and hydrogen bonds formed at the electrode/dielectric interface owing to solvent diffusion due to secondary solubilization and differential foaming temperatures. The synthesized sensing structure exhibits ultra-high toughness (3000 J/m2) and dynamic impact resistance (1 J);meanwhile, the sensor shows an ultra-wide sensing range (0.02–2000 kPa), high sensitivity (1.7 nF/kPa), and excellent service stability up to 50,000 cycles under compressive stress (100 kPa), shear stress (30 kPa), bending stress (bending radius of 1.6 mm), and complex stress of 120 kPa (compression stress of 116 kPa and shear stress of 31 kPa). Additionally, on integration into robot grippers, the sensor provides accurate feedback on multi-stage object gripping and can resist shear stress while gripping high-weight objects. This study provides a new strategy for fabricating flexible pressure sensors that can be effectively used under complex stresses. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Shear bands

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Mission-oriented capability evaluation for combat network based on operation loops

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Defence technology（防务技术） 2024年第12期42卷 156-175页

作者： Yang Wang Junyong Tao Xiaoke Zhang Guanghan Bai Yunan Zhang Laboratory of Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support College of Intelligence Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China National Key Laboratory for Complex Systems Simulation Beijing 100101China

With continuous growth in scale,topology complexity,mission phases,and mission diversity,challenges have been placed for efficient capability evaluation of modern combat *** at the problems of insufficient mission consideration and single evaluation dimension in the existing evaluation approaches,this study proposes a mission-oriented capability evaluation method for combat systems based on operation ***,a combat network model is given that takes into account the capability properties of combat ***,based on the transition matrix between combat nodes,an efficient algorithm for operation loop identification is proposed based on the Breadth-First *** the mission-capability satisfaction of nodes,the effectiveness evaluation indexes for operation loops and combat network are proposed,followed by node importance *** a case study of the combat scenario involving space-based support against surface ships under different strategies,the effectiveness of the proposed method is *** results indicated that the ROI-priority attack method has a notable impact on reducing the overall efficiency of the network,whereas the O-L betweenness-priority attack is more effective in obstructing the successful execution of enemy attack missions.

关键词： Combat network Operation loop identification Mission-oriented Network reliability Network effectiveness evaluation Strike strategies

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Comparisons of STRETCH meat grinders based on two different topologies of ICCOS

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Journal of Beijing Institute of technology 2013年第4期22卷 432-439页

作者：刘辉毕世华李军刘培柱陈阵 School of Aerospace Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Science and Technology on Complex Land Systems Simulation Laboratory

Inductive energy storage systems （IES）require opening switches which are technically much more difficult to realize than closing switches. Institute of Advanced technology （ IAT ） puts forward a meat grinder with an inductive pulse power topology called slow transfer of energy through capacitive hybrid （STRETCH）. In this topology, an integrated gate-commutated thyristor （IGCT） is capable of breaking the charging currents on the order of 4 kA, and it may encounter difficulties in expanding to higher energy systems. German-French Institute of Saint Louis （ISL） has developed a high-power opening switch based on standard high-power thyristors by using their so-called inverse current commutation with semiconductor devices （ICCOS） countercurrent commutation principle. Two topologies of the STRETCH meat grinder with ICCOS are analyzed. And they are compared based on the voltage across the main switch, the current multiplication factor and other aspects by u- sing Matlab simulations. The advantages and disadvantages of the two topologies are shown through the comparisons. Therefore a more suitable topology can be chosen for realistic applications accord- ing to their performances.

关键词： inductive pulse power supplies STRETCH meat grinder IGCT inverse current commu-tation with semiconductor devices （ICCOS） comparisons

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Interfacial Thermal Transport and Energy Dissipation in Multilayer PdSe2 Field Effect Transistors

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Advanced Materials 2025年第0期 e2503264页

作者： Xie, Jiaqiu Yu, Zehao Sun, Yuanchen Gan, Qikang Liu, Chenhan Wang, Lei Zhang, Lifa Zhao, Yunshan Phonon Engineering Research Center of Jiangsu Province Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of NSLSCS Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science Institute of Physics Frontiers and Interdisciplinary Sciences School of Physics and Technology Nanjing Normal University Nanjing210023 China National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures School of Physics Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China Micro- and Nano-scale Thermal Measurement and Thermal Management Laboratory Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Numerical Simulation of Large-Scale Complex Systems School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering Nanjing Normal University Nanjing210046 China

The continuous miniaturization of 2D electronic circuits results in increased power density during device operation, leading to heat localization and placing higher demands on their performance thresholds. The risk to thermal breakdown and subsequent damage, due to the energy dissipation in the 2D semiconductor field-effect transistors (FETs) supported on the bulk substrates, represents a significant challenge in maintaining their optimal performance. Herein, this study investigates energy dissipation behavior in multilayer PdSe2 FETs for the first time. The high-field breakdown behavior is firstly studied in multilayer PdSe2 FETs on SiO2/Si substrates, where a maximum current density of ≈2.74 MA cm−2 is observed, which is comparable to that of multilayer black phosphorus FET and significantly higher—by about five times—than that of multilayer MoS2 FET. Additionally, the thermal boundary conductance (TBC) of PdSe2/SiO2 interface is measured at room temperature using Raman thermometry. The TBC is found to be ≈12–13 MW m−2 K−1, which is relatively low compared to the other known solid–solid interfaces, indicating that enhancing the performance of PdSe2 FETs can be possible by optimizing the TBC at the PdSe2/SiO2 interface. These findings provide valuable insights for design of high-quality and high-performance PdSe2 electronic and optoelectronic devices. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Multilayers

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Dual-function artificial CA/PVP interlayer for protect Zn anode on improving uniform Zn 2+ ion deposition

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Electrochimica Acta 2025年

作者： Lanlan Fan Xiangguo Zhang Junwen Deng Lei Cao Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Simulation and Modelling of Particulate Systems International Institute for Innovation Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Nanchang 330013 China

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) have come into the public's view because of their low cost, high theoretical capacity and safety. However, uncontrollable dendrite growth on the Zn anode surface is the key reason restricting the long-cycle stability of ZIBs. Herein, a highly water-soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone and cellulose acetate (CA/PVP) interlayer was used to enhance the lifespan of battery cycles and provide excellent suppression of dendrite growth and side reaction generation. On the one hand, the water-soluble PVP can swell in the electrolyte, forming local electrolyte gelation on the surface of the Zn anode, balancing the transmission of Zn 2+ flow. On the other hand, the synergistic effect of carbon based (C=O) and hydroxyl groups (-OH) in the interlayer can facilitate the desolvation of hydrated Zn 2+ . Furthermore, C=O complexes with Zn 2+ ions can increase the hydrophilicity of the Zn anode, reduce interfacial impedance and further optimize Zn 2+ transport kinetics. Subsequently, the Zn||Zn symmetric battery, constructed with a CA/PVP interlayer, is capable of sustaining a prolonged cycling performance exceeding 1000 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm -2 /0.05 mAh cm -2 . At the same time, the CA/PVP 3% @Zn full cell demonstrate 94% of capacity retention after 300 cycles at 0.5 A g -1 . The successful construction of artificial interfacial layers provides an attractive strategy for the development of high-performance aqueous ZIBs.

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Support vector regression-based operational effectiveness evaluation approach to reconnaissance satellite system

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Journal of systems Engineering and Electronics 2023年第6期34卷 1626-1644页

作者： HAN Chi XIONG Wei XIONG Minghui LIU Zhen College of Aerospace Information Space Engineering UniversityBeijing 101400China Science and Technology on Complex Electronic System Simulation Laboratory Space Engineering UniversityBeijing 101400China

As one of the most important part of weapon system of systems(WSoS),quantitative evaluation of reconnaissance satellite system(RSS)is indispensable during its construction and *** at the problem of nonlinear effectiveness evaluation under small sample conditions,we propose an evaluation method based on support vector regression(SVR)to effectively address the defects of traditional *** the performance of SVR is influenced by the penalty factor,kernel type,and other parameters deeply,the improved grey wolf optimizer(IGWO)is employed for parameter *** the proposed IGWO algorithm,the opposition-based learning strategy is adopted to increase the probability of avoiding the local optima,the mutation operator is used to escape from premature convergence and differential convergence factors are applied to increase the rate of *** experiments of 14 test functions validate the applicability of IGWO algorithm dealing with global *** index system and evaluation method are constructed based on the characteristics of *** validate the proposed IGWO-SVR evaluation method,eight benchmark data sets and combat simulation are employed to estimate the evaluation accuracy,convergence performance and computational *** to the experimental results,the proposed method outperforms several prediction based evaluation methods,verifies the superiority and effectiveness in RSS operational effectiveness evaluation.

关键词： reconnaissance satellite system(RSS) support vector regression(SVR) gray wolf optimizer opposition-based learning parameter optimization effectiveness evaluation

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Diffusion mechanism simulation of cloud manufacturing complex network based on cooperative game theory

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Journal of systems Engineering and Electronics 2018年第2期29卷 321-335页

作者： GENG Chao QU Shiyou XIAO Yingying WANG Mei SHI Guoqiang LIN Tingyu XUE Junjie JIA Zhengxuan Economics and Management School Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai Beijing Complex Product Advanced Manufacturing Engineering Research Center Beijing Simulation Center State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing System Technology Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineering Science and Technology on Space System Simulation Laboratory Beijing Simulation Center

Cloud manufacturing is a specific implementation form of the "Internet + manufacturing" strategy. Why and how to develop cloud manufacturing platform(CMP), however, remains the key concern of both platform operators and users. A microscopic model is proposed to investigate advantages and diffusion forces of CMP through exploration of its diffusion process and mechanism. Specifically, a three-stage basic evolution process of CMP is innovatively proposed. Then, based on this basic process, a more complex CMP evolution model has been established in virtue of complex network theory, with five diffusion forces identified. Thereafter, simulations on CMP diffusion have been conducted. The results indicate that, CMP possesses better resource utilization,user satisfaction, and enterprise utility. Results of simulation on impacts of different diffusion forces show that both the time required for CMP to reach an equilibrium state and the final network size are affected simultaneously by the five diffusion forces. All these analyses indicate that CMP could create an open online cooperation environment and turns out to be an effective implementation of the "Internet + manufacturing" strategy.

关键词： complex network cloud manufacturing innovation diffusion network effect Gale-Shapley algorithm cooperative game theory

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