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Alkaline molten salt thermal treatment of mixed waste plastics for oil production: Insight into the effects of molten salt alkalinity and plastic molecular structure

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Fuel 2025年 399卷

作者： Ren, Yang Dai, Qiqi He, Jing Hu, Hongyun Li, Xian Li, Aijun Zhang, Changbin Yao, Hong State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion School of Energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen Shenzhen518000 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100085 China

Pyrolysis has emerged as the primary strategy for recycling waste plastics into oil. However, the low thermal conductivity of plastics results in inefficient heat transfer and extended residence times, which is unfavorable for oil production. Here, a novel method by using thermally stable alkaline molten salt as an effective medium to enhance heat transfer and thermal reaction was proposed. The oil yield exhibited a direct correlation with molten salt alkalinity. NaOH-Na2CO3 system achieved remarkable gas upgrading: >99 % chlorine immobilization coupled with alkali-mediated hydrogen enrichment (H2 ratio > 80 %), enabled by catalytic carbon-alkali interactions. Plastic molecular structures governed product selectivity during molten salt thermal treatment: polyolefins (PE/PP) predominantly yielded α-olefins through promoting β-scission reactions, while polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polystyrene decomposition generated aromatic hydrocarbons (BTX, styrene) via enhancing dehydrochlorination and aromatization. In co-processing of mixed plastics, weak interactions existed between PE and PP during both conventional and molten salt conversions, with product distributions resembling linear combinations of individual pyrolysis results. PVC-PS blends exhibited significant cross-reactivity: HCl evolved from PVC decomposition engaged in secondary reactions with styrene (PS product). Primary radicals on PS chains post-scission drove depolymerization pathways, elevating ethylbenzene/α-methylstyrene formation at the expense of styrene monomers. Molten salt reduced PVC-PS cross-reactivity via chlorine capture and H-radical redistribution, increasing styrene monomer yields by 142 %. These findings facilitate the high-value recycling of mixed waste plastics for oil production. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Isomers

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High Abundance of Atmospheric Sulfonates Derived from Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicles

ACS ES&T Air

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ACS ES&T Air 2025年第4期2卷 607-614页

作者： Shuang Chen Huixia Han Lihong Ren Yisheng Xu Libin Wu Yuanguan Gao Yuanbi Yi Xinping Yang Mingliang Fu Hang Yin Yan Ding Pingqing Fu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China；School of Earth System Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China School of Earth System Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China

Particulate matter (PM) emissions from light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGV) pose a threat to both air quality and human health. However, the molecular compositions and chemical properties of these complex mixtures are poorly understood. In this study, we performed a detailed characterization of exhaust PM from LDGV at various speed phases at the molecular level by employing ultra-high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. We found that with increasing speed, the number of organic compounds increased significantly, especially organic nitrogen-containing and sulfur-containing compounds. Moreover, the increase of speed leads to high temperature and high pressure in the cylinder, which in turn leads to a series of thermal cracking–polymerization–cyclization reactions, resulting in new particulate matter with more aromatic structures. In addition, considerable intermediate volatility organic compounds and semivolatile organic compounds were identified in the exhaust PM. Notably, we observed the presence of sulfonates in tailpipe particulate matter during low- or high-speed phases, which highlights a previously negligible source of organic sulfonates in the atmosphere.

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Cobalt-copper dual-atom catalyst boosts electrocatalytic nitrate reduction from water

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Journal of Hazardous Materials 2025年 493卷

作者： Wei, Jinshan Lin, Hexing Li, Yi Guo, Ying Liu, Shaoqing Sun, Meng Li, Ya-yun Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials & Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100085 China

Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) presents a promising approach for sustainable water denitrification. Yet its practical implementation is hindered by sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, we develop a nitrogen-doped carbon supported cobalt-copper dual-atom catalyst (CoCu-NC DAC) to significantly enhance the electro-catalytic NO3RR performance. The optimized CoCu-NC DAC demonstrates exceptional activity, achieving a faraday efficiency of 95.3 % and a high NH4+ yield rate of 2.41 mg h−1 cm−2 at −0.6 VRHE, surpassing the performance of conventional Cu/Co single-atom catalysts. In-situ analysis and density functional theory calculations confirm that the synergistic effects arising from (1) optimized electronic structure for balanced intermediate adsorption, and (2) enhanced surface H concentration facilitating NOx hydrogenation. This work not only provides fundamental insights into the DACs, but also offers a practical solution for groundwater nitrate remediation, opening new avenues for the application of atomically dispersed catalysts. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Electrolytic reduction

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Diffusion mechanism simulation of cloud manufacturing complex network based on cooperative game theory

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Journal of systems Engineering and Electronics 2018年第2期29卷 321-335页

作者： GENG Chao QU Shiyou XIAO Yingying WANG Mei SHI Guoqiang LIN Tingyu XUE Junjie JIA Zhengxuan Economics and Management School Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai Beijing Complex Product Advanced Manufacturing Engineering Research Center Beijing Simulation Center State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing System Technology Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineering Science and Technology on Space System Simulation Laboratory Beijing Simulation Center

Cloud manufacturing is a specific implementation form of the "Internet + manufacturing" strategy. Why and how to develop cloud manufacturing platform(CMP), however, remains the key concern of both platform operators and users. A microscopic model is proposed to investigate advantages and diffusion forces of CMP through exploration of its diffusion process and mechanism. Specifically, a three-stage basic evolution process of CMP is innovatively proposed. Then, based on this basic process, a more complex CMP evolution model has been established in virtue of complex network theory, with five diffusion forces identified. Thereafter, simulations on CMP diffusion have been conducted. The results indicate that, CMP possesses better resource utilization,user satisfaction, and enterprise utility. Results of simulation on impacts of different diffusion forces show that both the time required for CMP to reach an equilibrium state and the final network size are affected simultaneously by the five diffusion forces. All these analyses indicate that CMP could create an open online cooperation environment and turns out to be an effective implementation of the "Internet + manufacturing" strategy.

关键词： complex network cloud manufacturing innovation diffusion network effect Gale-Shapley algorithm cooperative game theory

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Research on Credibility Evaluation for Radio Frequency Guided Hardware-In-the-Loop simulation system 36

Research on Credibility Evaluation for Radio Frequency Guide...

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第36届中国控制会议

作者： Yuxiao Wang Tao Chao Chaolei Wang Songyan Wang Harbin Institute of Technology Science and Technology on Special System Simulation Laboratory Beijing Simulation Center

ISBN: (纸本)9781538629185

To ensure the effectiveness of the RF（Radio Frequency） guided HILS（Hardware-In-the-Loop simulation） system,the credibility evaluation was *** present,most of the methods were applied in the case of the simulation system input being consistent with the real system input,which is difficult to achieve in some subsystem of the RF guided HILS *** this paper,the relative complete system reliability evaluation index system was *** were classified,for different categories of subsystem,corresponding reliability assessment methods were *** particular,reliability evaluation methods based on performance level were put forward,when certain subsystems cannot be evaluated by consistency analysis methods.A simple example was given to show the evaluation process.

关键词： Radio Frequency Guided Hardware-In-the-Loop simulation Credibility Evaluation Index system Performance Index

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Regulation of Shock Response in Cage-Like High-Energy-Density Materials: Competition between Strain Energy and Structural Symmetry

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Song, Qingguan Meng, Li Jiang, Shengli Zhang, Lei Mo, Zeyao Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing100088 China CAEP Software Center for High Performance Numerical Simulation Beijing100088 China Institute of Chemical Materials China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang621999 China School of Materials Science & Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China

The cage-like structures provide a unique combination of strain energy for enhanced energy storage and hyperstatic constraints to stabilize the system, positioning them as promising pioneers in advancing high-energy-density materials (HEDMs). However, the shock response of cage-like HEDMs is highly complex and exhibits significant variability, posing a grand challenge in the underlying mechanisms. This study reveals that the shock response of cage-like HEDMs is regulated by the interplay between strain energy and structural symmetry, and introduces a physical model to quantitatively describe how they determine shock stability. The investigated systems include a comprehensive series of cage-like polynitrocubane HEDMs, with each carbon atom in the backbone progressively functionalized with nitro groups. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations were employed to simulate dynamic and kinetic responses at shock velocities ranging from 8 km/s to 11 km/s, with validation provided by consistent Hugoniot curves that align with reported experimental data. Nitro substituents at the carbon-based cage structure, recognized as explosion functional groups, were found to substantially increase the system's strain energy. However, an increasing number of nitro substituents also intensified electrostatic repulsion among oxygen lone pairs, which weakens structural integrity and renders the material more susceptible to disassembly under shock conditions. Conversely, structural symmetry—including both the cage-like molecular conformation and spatial packing within the crystal lattice—was found to mitigate these destabilizing effects, effectively balancing the trade-off between energy storage and structural stability. Based on these findings, we propose a physical model that captures the essential factors driving shock initiation in cage-like HEDMs, offering new insights to inform the design and application of novel advanced HEDMs. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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A Multi-Targets simulation Method Based on Single Channel

A Multi-Targets Simulation Method Based on Single Channel

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2023 International Conference on Electronic Information Engineering and Data Processing, EIEDP 2023

作者： Jing, Boda Jin, Congjun Song, Youbin Beijing Simulation Center Science and Technology on Special System Simulation Laboratory Beijing100854 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510666160

The number of channels for radio frequency simulation system is very limited, and the traditional simulation method of one channel simulating one target is difficult to meet the demand of complex scene simulation. This paper proposes a simulation method based on the triadic vector control algorithm of "both amplitude and phase control" to simulate the angular position of multiple radar targets by one channel, and further researches the simulation method based on digital radio frequency memory technology to simulate the multidimensional characteristics of multiple radar targets such as delay, doppler frequency, amplitude and angle by one channel. Mathematical simulation experiments are designed to verify the feasibility of the method. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Radio waves

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Dynamic analysis of rigid-flexible coupling spacecraft based on Euler parameters

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Scientific Reports 2025年第1期15卷 1-12页

作者： Ji, Yi Zhang, Huan School of Astronautics Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China Frontier Science Center for Interaction between Space Environment and Matter Harbin 150001 China National Key Laboratory of Modeling and Simulation for Complex Systems Harbin 150001 China MOE Key Laboratory of Dynamics and Control of Flight Vehicle Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China

With the development of aerospace technology, rigid-flexible coupling spacecraft with strong nonlinearity dominates, bringing huge challenges for numerical tools. This paper aims to accurately and quickly analyze the dynamic behavior of rigid-flexible coupling spacecraft. In our work, rigid body and flexible body are both described by Euler parameters for avoiding singular angles. Then, for this type of strong nonlinear dynamic system, the BN-stable method that is unconditionally stable for nonlinear initial value problems proposed by the first author is introduced to solve the transient responses. To keep the accuracy of the numerical rotation matrix, the relation between the angular velocity and Euler parameters, and the constraint in the level of velocity, are introduced to reformulate the original BN-stable method. Through the dynamic analysis for rigid satellite bodies and flexible solar wings, we find that the proposed strategy can effectively simulate the dynamic responses of spacecraft, and compared to the currently popular strategy, our strategy enjoys considerable advantages in accuracy, stability, and dissipation. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： BN-stability Dynamic analysis Euler parameters Rigid-flexible coupling Rotation matrix

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Multiple Algorithms Against Multiple Hardware Architectures: Data-Driven Exploration on Deep Convolution Neural Network 16th

Multiple Algorithms Against Multiple Hardware Architectures:...

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16th IFIP WG 10.3 International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing, NPC 2019

作者： Xu, Chongyang Luan, Zhongzhi Gao, Lan Wang, Rui Zhang, Han Zhang, Lianyi Liu, Yi Qian, Depei Beihang University Beijing China Science and Technology on Special System Simulation Laboratory Beijing Simulation Center Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9783030307080

With the rapid development of deep learning (DL), various convolution neural network (CNN) models have been developed. Moreover, to execute different DL workloads efficiently, many accelerators have been proposed. To guide the design of both CNN models and hardware architectures for a high-performance inference system, we choose five types of CNN models and test them on six processors and measure three metrics. With our experiments, we get two observations and conduct two insights for the design of CNN algorithms and hardware architectures. © 2019, IFIP International Federation for Information Processing.

关键词： Neural network models

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NASIL: Neural Network Architecture Searching for Incremental Learning in Image Classification 1

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11th International Symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms and Programming, PAAP 2020

作者： Fu, Xianya Li, Wenrui Chen, Qiurui Zhang, Lianyi Yang, Kai Qing, Duzheng Wang, Rui Beihang University Beijing China Science and Technology on Special System Simulation Laboratory Beijing Simulation Center Beijing100854 China

ISBN: (数字)9789811600104

ISBN: (纸本)9789811600098

"Catastrophic forgetting" and scalability of tasks are two major challenges of incremental learning. Both of these issues were related to the insufficient capacity of machine learning model and the insufficiently trained weights as the increasing of tasks. In this paper, we try to figure out the impact of the neural network architecture to the performance of incremental learning in the case of image classification. During the increasing of tasks, we propose to use neural network architecture searching (NAS) to find a structure that fits the new tasks collection better. We build a NAS environment with reinforcement learning as the searching strategy and Long Short-Term Memory network as the controller network. Computation operation and connecting previous nodes are selected for each layer in the search phase. For each time a new group of tasks is added, the neural network architecture is searched and reorganized according to the training data set. To speed up the searching, we design a parameter sharing mechanism, in which the same building blocks in each layer share a group of parameters. We also introduce the quantified-parameter building blocks into the NAS, to identify the best candidate during each round of searching. We test our solution in cifar100 data set, the average accuracy outperforms the current representative solutions (LwEMC, iCaRL, GANIL) by 24.92%, 5.62%, and 3.6%, respectively, the more tasks added, the better our solution performs. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Network architecture

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