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arXiv 2023年

作者： Lu, Ru-Sen Asada, Keiichi Krichbaum, Thomas P. Park, Jongho Tazaki, Fumie Pu, Hung-Yi Nakamura, Masanori Lobanov, Andrei Hada, Kazuhiro Akiyama, Kazunori Kim, Jae-Young Marti-Vidal, Ivan Gómez, José L. Kawashima, Tomohisa Yuan, Feng Ros, Eduardo Alef, Walter Britzen, Silke Bremer, Michael Broderick, Avery E. Doi, Akihiro Giovannini, Gabriele Giroletti, Marcello Ho, Paul T.P. Honma, Mareki Hughes, David H. Inoue, Makoto Jiang, Wu Kino, Motoki Koyama, Shoko Lindqvist, Michael Liu, Jun Marscher, Alan P. Matsushita, Satoki Nagai, Hiroshi Rottmann, Helge Savolainen, Tuomas Schuster, Karl-Friedrich Shen, Zhi-Qiang de Vicente, Pablo Walker, R. Craig Yang, Hai Zensus, J. Anton Algaba, Juan Carlos Allardi, Alexander Bach, Uwe Berthold, Ryan Bintley, Dan Byun, Do-Young Casadio, Carolina Chang, Shu-Hao Chang, Chih-Cheng Chang, Song-Chu Chen, Chung-Chen Chen, Ming-Tang Chilson, Ryan Chuter, Tim C. Conway, John Crew, Geoffrey B. Dempsey, Jessica T. Dornbusch, Sven Faber, Aaron Friberg, Per García, Javier González Garrido, Miguel Gómez Han, Chih-Chiang Han, Kuo-Chang Hasegawa, Yutaka Herrero-Illana, Ruben Huang, Yau-De Huang, Chih-Wei L. Impellizzeri, Violette Jiang, Homin Jinchi, Hao Jung, Taehyun Kallunki, Juha Kirves, Petri Kimura, Kimihiro Koay, Jun Yi Koch, Patrick M. Kramer, Carsten Kraus, Alex Kubo, Derek Kuo, Cheng-Yu Li, Chao-Te Lin, Lupin Chun-Che Liu, Ching-Tang Liu, Kuan-Yu Lo, Wen-Ping Lu, Li-Ming MacDonald, Nicholas Martin-Cocher, Pierre Messias, Hugo Meyer-Zhao, Zheng Minter, Anthony Nair, Dhanya G. Nishioka, Hiroaki Norton, Timothy J. Nystrom, George Ogawa, Hideo Oshiro, Peter Patel, Nimesh A. Pen, Ue-Li Pidopryhora, Yurii Pradel, Nicolas Raffin, Philippe A. Rao, Ramprasad Ruiz, Ignacio Sanchez, Salvador Shaw, Paul Snow, William Sridharan, T.K. Srinivasan, Ranjani Tercero, Belén Torne, Pablo Traianou, Efthalia Wagner, Jan Walther, Craig Wei, Ta-Shun Yang, Jun Yu, Chen-Yu Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Bonn Germany Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute Daejeon Korea Republic of Simulation Technology Development Department Tokyo Electron Technology Solutions Oshu Japan Mizusawa VLBI Observatory National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Oshu Japan Department of Physics National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan Center of Astronomy and Gravitation National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan Department of General Science and Education National Institute of Technology Hachinohe College Hachinohe City Japan Department of Astronomical Science The Graduate University for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI Mitaka Japan Black Hole Initiative Harvard University CambridgeMA United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory WestfordMA United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Mitaka Japan Department of Astronomy and Atmospheric Sciences Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea Republic of Departament d’Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València Valencia Spain Observatori Astronòmic Universitat de València Valencia Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Granada Spain Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo Chiba Japan Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique Saint Martin d’Hères France Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo WaterlooON Canada Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics University of Waterloo WaterlooON Canada Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics WaterlooON Canada Institute of Space and Astron

The nearby radio galaxy M87 is a prime target for studying black hole accretion and jet formation1,2. Event Horizon Telescope observations of M87 in 2017, at a wavelength of 1.3 mm, revealed a ring-like structure, which was interpreted as gravitationally lensed emission around a central black hole3. Here we report images of M87 obtained in 2018, at a wavelength of 3.5 mm, showing that the compact radio core is spatially resolved. High-resolution imaging shows a ring-like structure of 8. 4!1.1$0.5 Schwarzschild radii in diameter, approximately 50% larger than that seen at 1.3 mm. The outer edge at 3.5 mm is also larger than that at 1.3 mm. This larger and thicker ring indicates a substantial contribution from the accretion flow with absorption effects in addition to the gravitationally lensed ring-like emission. The images show that the edge–brightened jet connects to the accretion flow of the black hole. Close to the black hole, the emission profile of the jet-launching region is wider than the expected profile of a black -hole-driven jet, suggesting the possible presence of a wind associated with the accretion flow. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Galaxies

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The Comparison of Different Visual Features for Visual Odometry

The Comparison of Different Visual Features for Visual Odome...

引用

IEEE Chinese Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference (CGNCC)

作者： Yuehan Jiang Qing Wang Chaoyang Dong Min Zhou Kewei Zhong School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University Beijing People’s Republic of China School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing People’s Republic of China Science and Technology on Special System Simulation Laboratory Beijing Simulation Center Beijing People’s Republic of China Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute Shanghai People’s Republic of China

ISBN: (数字)9781538611715

ISBN: (纸本)9781538611722

For robots to work effectively, the availability of a map with detailed information surrounding the workspace is an important requirement for indoor and outdoor tasks. This is usually achieved with using visual odometry techniques with feature-based methods. In this paper, we compare the performance of three different feature extraction methods: Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), Speed Up Robust Features (SURF) and Oriented FAST Rotated BRIEF (ORB). This paper presents experimental results on standard evaluation datasets and all experiments use measurement of the number of image correspondences as well as the ratio of good matched for the evaluation purpose. The results of experiments demonstrate that the performances of three methods in processing time, matching capability and accuracy. SIFT presents its stability in most scenarios although it is very slow. SURF is faster than SIFT and outperform SIFT on some scenarios. ORB is the most efficient feature and shows strong performance.

关键词： Feature extraction Detectors Robustness Visualization Transform coding Real-time systems Lighting

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A ring-like accretion structure in M87 connecting its black hole and jet

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Nature 2023年第7958期616卷 686-690页

作者： Ru-Sen Lu Keiichi Asada Thomas P Krichbaum Jongho Park Fumie Tazaki Hung-Yi Pu Masanori Nakamura Andrei Lobanov Kazuhiro Hada Kazunori Akiyama Jae-Young Kim Ivan Marti-Vidal José L Gómez Tomohisa Kawashima Feng Yuan Eduardo Ros Walter Alef Silke Britzen Michael Bremer Avery E Broderick Akihiro Doi Gabriele Giovannini Marcello Giroletti Paul T P Ho Mareki Honma David H Hughes Makoto Inoue Wu Jiang Motoki Kino Shoko Koyama Michael Lindqvist Jun Liu Alan P Marscher Satoki Matsushita Hiroshi Nagai Helge Rottmann Tuomas Savolainen Karl-Friedrich Schuster Zhi-Qiang Shen Pablo de Vicente R Craig Walker Hai Yang J Anton Zensus Juan Carlos Algaba Alexander Allardi Uwe Bach Ryan Berthold Dan Bintley Do-Young Byun Carolina Casadio Shu-Hao Chang Chih-Cheng Chang Song-Chu Chang Chung-Chen Chen Ming-Tang Chen Ryan Chilson Tim C Chuter John Conway Geoffrey B Crew Jessica T Dempsey Sven Dornbusch Aaron Faber Per Friberg Javier González García Miguel Gómez Garrido Chih-Chiang Han Kuo-Chang Han Yutaka Hasegawa Ruben Herrero-Illana Yau-De Huang Chih-Wei L Huang Violette Impellizzeri Homin Jiang Hao Jinchi Taehyun Jung Juha Kallunki Petri Kirves Kimihiro Kimura Jun Yi Koay Patrick M Koch Carsten Kramer Alex Kraus Derek Kubo Cheng-Yu Kuo Chao-Te Li Lupin Chun-Che Lin Ching-Tang Liu Kuan-Yu Liu Wen-Ping Lo Li-Ming Lu Nicholas MacDonald Pierre Martin-Cocher Hugo Messias Zheng Meyer-Zhao Anthony Minter Dhanya G Nair Hiroaki Nishioka Timothy J Norton George Nystrom Hideo Ogawa Peter Oshiro Nimesh A Patel Ue-Li Pen Yurii Pidopryhora Nicolas Pradel Philippe A Raffin Ramprasad Rao Ignacio Ruiz Salvador Sanchez Paul Shaw William Snow T K Sridharan Ranjani Srinivasan Belén Tercero Pablo Torne Efthalia Traianou Jan Wagner Craig Walther Ta-Shun Wei Jun Yang Chen-Yu Yu Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai People's Republic of China. rslu@***. Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing People's Republic of China. rslu@***. Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Bonn Germany. rslu@***. Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan ROC. asada@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw. Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Bonn Germany. tkrichbaum@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de. Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan ROC. Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute Daejeon Republic of Korea. Simulation Technology Development Department Tokyo Electron Technology Solutions Oshu Japan. Mizusawa VLBI Observatory National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Oshu Japan. Department of Physics National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan ROC. Center of Astronomy and Gravitation National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan ROC. Department of General Science and Education National Institute of Technology Hachinohe College Hachinohe City Japan. Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Bonn Germany. Mizusawa VLBI Observatory National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Oshu Japan. kazuhiro.hada@nao.ac.jp. Department of Astronomical Science The Graduate University for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI Mitaka Japan. kazuhiro.hada@nao.ac.jp. Black Hole Initiative Harvard University Cambridge MA USA. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory Westford MA USA. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Mitaka Japan. Department of Astronomy and Atmospheric Sciences Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea. Departament d'Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València Valencia Spain. Observatori Astronòmic Universitat de València Valencia Spain. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Granada Spain. Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo Chiba Japan. Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of S

The nearby radio galaxy M87 is a prime target for studying black hole accretion and jet formation. Event Horizon Telescope observations of M87 in 2017, at a wavelength of 1.3 mm, revealed a ring-like structure, which was interpreted as gravitationally lensed emission around a central black hole. Here we report images of M87 obtained in 2018, at a wavelength of 3.5 mm, showing that the compact radio core is spatially resolved. High-resolution imaging shows a ring-like structure of [Formula: see text] Schwarzschild radii in diameter, approximately 50% larger than that seen at 1.3 mm. The outer edge at 3.5 mm is also larger than that at 1.3 mm. This larger and thicker ring indicates a substantial contribution from the accretion flow with absorption effects, in addition to the gravitationally lensed ring-like emission. The images show that the edge-brightened jet connects to the accretion flow of the black hole. Close to the black hole, the emission profile of the jet-launching region is wider than the expected profile of a black-hole-driven jet, suggesting the possible presence of a wind associated with the accretion flow.

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Anisotropic flow in fixed-target 208Pb+20Ne collisions as a probe of quark-gluon plasma

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Giacalone, Giuliano Zhao, Wenbin Bally, Benjamin Shen, Shihang Duguet, Thomas Ebran, Jean-Paul Elhatisari, Serdar Frosini, Mikael Lähde, Timo A. Lee, Dean Lu, Bing-Nan Ma, Yuan-Zhuo Meißner, Ulf G. Nijs, Govert Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn Plumberg, Christopher Rodríguez, Tomás R. Roth, Robert van der Schee, Wilke Schenke, Björn Shen, Chun Somà, Vittorio Institut für Theoretische Physik Universität Heidelberg Philosophenweg 16 Heidelberg69120 Germany Nuclear Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Physics Department University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States ESNT IRFU CEA Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette91191 France Forschungszentrum Jülich JülichD-52425 Germany IRFU CEA Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette91191 France KU Leuven Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica Leuven3001 Belgium CEA DAM DIF Arpajon91297 France Université Paris-Saclay CEA Laboratoire Matière en Conditions Extrêmes Bruyères-le-Châtel91680 France Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University Gaziantep27010 Turkey CEA DES IRESNE DER SPRC LEPh Saint-Paul-lez-Durance13115 France Institut für Kernphysik Institute for Advanced Simulation Jülich Center for Hadron Physics Forschungszentrum Julich JülichD-52425 Germany Forschungszentrum Julich JülichD-52425 Germany Facility for Rare Isotope Beams Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University MI48824 United States Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics Beijing100193 China Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik Universität Bonn BonnD-53115 Germany Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics Universität Bonn BonnD-53115 Germany Theoretical Physics Department CERN Genève 23CH-1211 Switzerland Illinois Center for Advanced Studies of the Universe Department of Physics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Natural Science Division Pepperdine University MalibuCA90263 United States Departamento de Estructura de la Materia Física Térmica y Electrónica and IPARCOS Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain Institut für Kernphysik Technische Universität Darmstadt Darmstadt64289 Germany Helmholtz Forschungsakademie Hessen für FAIR GSI Helmholtzzentrum Darmstadt6428

The system for Measuring Overlap with Gas (SMOG2) at the LHCb detector enables the study of fixed-target ion-ion collisions at relativistic energies (√sNN ∼ 100 GeV in the centre-of-mass). With input from ab initio calculations of the structure of 16O and 20Ne, we compute 3+1D hydrodynamic predictions for the anisotropic flow of Pb+Ne and Pb+O collisions, to be tested with upcoming LHCb data. This will allow the detailed study of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formation as well as experimental tests of the predicted nuclear shapes. Elliptic flow (v2) in Pb+Ne collisions is greatly enhanced compared to the Pb+O baseline due to the shape of 20Ne, which is deformed in a bowling-pin geometry. Owing to the large 208Pb radius, this effect is seen in a broad centrality range, a unique feature of this collision configuration. Larger elliptic flow further enhances the quadrangular flow (v4) of Pb+Ne collisions via non-linear coupling, and impacts the sign of the kurtosis of the elliptic flow vector distribution (c2{4}). Exploiting the shape of 20Ne proves thus an ideal method to investigate the formation of QGP in fixed-target experiments at LHCb, and demonstrates the power of SMOG2 as a tool to image nuclear ground states. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Anisotropy

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COVID-19 causes record decline in global CO2 emissions

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Liu, Zhu Ciais, Philippe Deng, Zhu Lei, Ruixue Davis, Steven J. Feng, Sha Zheng, Bo Cui, Duo Dou, Xinyu He, Pan Zhu, Biqing Lu, Chenxi Ke, Piyu Sun, Taochun Wang, Yuan Yue, Xu Wang, Yilong Lei, Yadong Zhou, Hao Cai, Zhaonan Wu, Yuhui Guo, Runtao Han, Tingxuan Xue, Jinjun Boucher, Olivier Boucher, Eulalie Chevallier, Frederic Wei, Yimin Zhong, Haiwang Kang, Chongqing Zhang, Ning Chen, Bin Xi, Fengming Marie, François Zhang, Qiang Guan, Dabo Gong, Peng Kammen, Daniel M. He, Kebin Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim Department of EarthSystem Science Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Laboratoire des Sciences du Climate et de l'Environnement LSCE Orme de Merisiers Gif-sur-Yvette91191 France Department of Meteorology andAtmospheric Science The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine 3232 Croul Hall IrvineCA92697-3100 United States Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States Nanjing210044 China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Climate Change Research Center Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100029 China Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100029 China School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China School of Mat hemat ical School T singhua University Beijing100084 China Department of Mathematical Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Center of Hubei Cooperative Innovation for Emissions Trading System Wuhan China Faculty of Management and Economics Kunming University of Science and Technology 13 Kunming China Economic Research Centre of Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya Japan Institute Pierre-Simon Laplace Sorbonne Université CNRS Paris France Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Jinan University Guangzhou China Beijing Normal University Beijing China Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China Energy and Resources Group Goldman School of Pub

The considerable cessation of human activities during the COVID-19 pandemic has affected global energy use and CO2 emissions. Here we show the unprecedented decrease in global fossil CO2 emissions from January to April 2020 was of 7.8% (938 Mt CO2 with a +6.8% of 2-σ uncertainty) when compared with the period last year. In addition other emerging estimates of COVID impacts based on monthly energy supply1 or estimated parameters2, this study contributes to another step that constructed the near-real-time daily CO2 emission inventories based on activity from power generation (for 29 countries), industry (for 73 countries), road transportation (for 406 cities), aviation and maritime transportation and commercial and residential sectors emissions (for206 countries). The estimates distinguished the decline of CO2 due to COVID-19 from the daily, weekly and seasonal variations as well as the holiday events. The COVID-related decreases in CO2 emissions in road transportation (340.4 Mt CO2, -15.5%), power (292.5 Mt CO2, -6.4% compared to 2019), industry (136.2 Mt CO2, -4.4%), aviation (92.8 Mt CO2, -28.9%), residential (43.4 Mt CO2, - 2.7%), and international shipping (35.9Mt CO2, -15%). Regionally, decreases in China were the largest and earliest (234.5 Mt CO2,-6.9%), followed by Europe (EU-27 & UK) (138.3 Mt CO2, -12.0%) and the U.S. (162.4 Mt CO2, -9.5%). The declines of CO2 are consistent with regional nitrogen oxides concentrations observed by satellites and ground-based networks, but the calculated signal of emissions decreases (about 1Gt CO2) will have little impacts (less than 0.13ppm by April 30, 2020) on the overserved global CO2 concertation. However, with observed fast CO2 recovery in China and partial re-opening globally, our findings suggest the longer-term effects on CO2 emissions are unknown and should be carefully monitored using multiple measures. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Health co-benefits of post-COVID-19 low-carbon recovery in Chinese cities

Nature Cities

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Nature Cities 2024年 695-705页

作者： Chenxi Lu Felix Creutzig Jiawei Hu Yingjian Huang Huibin Mo Ying Yu Yun Li Da Huo Xuanren Song Xiaoting Huang Zhu Liu Yun Sun Kai Liu Shaohui Zhang Karyn Morrissey Jinpyo Hong Zhu Deng Zhuanjia Du Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change Berlin Germany Sustainability Economics of Human Settlements Technical University Berlin Berlin Germany Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs Harvard Kennedy School Harvard University Cambridge MA USA Alibaba Cloud Hangzhou China Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation School of Geography and Planning Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen China Data-Driven EnviroLab Department of Public Policy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA Faculty of Engineering Science Department of Architecture KU Leuven Leuven Belgium Department of Earth System Science Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Institute for Global Change Studies Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin China Department of Geography King’s College London London UK Guangdong Holdings Limited Guangzhou China International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Laxenburg Austria Division for Climate and Energy Policy Department of Technology Management and Economics Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark School of Engineering Brown University Providence RI USA Department of Geography University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China Department of Political Science Columbia University New York NY USA

Post-pandemic green recovery is pivotal in achieving global sustainable development goals by simultaneously revitalizing economies and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution and improving public welfare. However, subnational and city-level understanding of green recovery, its efficacy and its alignment with public health is poorly understood. Here we focus on post-COVID-19 low-carbon recovery—economic growth combined with reduced carbon emissions—and explore health co-benefits in Chinese cities. A novel near-real-time daily carbon emission dataset of 48 cities in China is developed, coupled with detailed health and economic municipal statistics and models. We find that, on average, six low-carbon-recovery cities, mainly megacities, saved 1.2 times as many lives per 100,000 population compared with the 42 other cities, and their annual monetary avoided premature deaths per 100,000 population was 1.5 times more than the 42 other cities. The accumulated monetary health co-benefits for low-carbon-recovery cities were US$ 4.2 billion (95% confidence interval, 2.1–6.3) during the post-COVID-19 period. We show that government spending on electric vehicles increases the likelihood of achieving low-carbon recovery in Chinese cities. Our results underscore the significant health co-benefits of low-carbon recovery, pointing to synergies between advancing local welfare and global environmental objectives.

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Product Service system-based Municipal Solid Waste circular management platform in Campania Region (Italy): a preliminary analysis

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Procedia CIRP 2019年 83卷 224-229页

作者： Marco Casazza Donald Huisingh Sergio Ulgiati Vincenzo Severino Gengyuan Liu Massimiliano Lega Parthenope University of Napoli Department of Engineering Centro Direzionale Isola C4 80143 Naples Italy Parthenope University of Napoli Department of Science and Technology Centro Direzionale Isola C4 80143 Naples Italy University of Tennessee The Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment Knoxville TN USA State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Beijing Engineering Research Center for Watershed Environmental Restoration & Integrated Ecological Regulation Beijing 100875 China

The huge amount of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generated in the world, as well as the adverse impacts on resources depletion, environmental contamination and human health are problems that need to be promptly, effectively and equitably addressed. Among the areas affected by management misconduct and illicit interests, the Campania region represents a paradigmatic case. A lack of detailed information about MSW flows, from collection and through treatment phases, prevents policy-makers and planners from finding appropriate and environmentally and economically sound solutions. As a partial approach to the solution, the authors of this paper outline the structure and functions of a Product Services system (PSS) based MSW management platform. In particular, data collection and elaboration, documentation of MSW flows and detection of environmental and human health impacts and waste prevention/reduction are essential elements of MSW of the system, within which the PSSs can be applied. Real-time sensors, big data analysis tools and online platforms are integrated, as basic tools, to implement the transition to equitable, sustainable circular economies. The solutions will be based upon multi-stakeholder inputs in decision-making to effectively address local needs to implement a re-designed, adaptive, dynamic, MSW management system. The new system must ensure safe and ecologically sound management of the resources in MSWs. As the new management system provides improvements in the environmental and human health and results in an expansion of jobs, it is anticipated that the system could also be useful in other parts of the world.

关键词： waste management circular economy product-service system

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Synergetic Lipid Extraction with Oxidative Damage Amplifies Cell-Membrane-Destructive Stresses and Enables Rapid Sterilization

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Angewandte Chemie 2020年第14期133卷

作者： Dr. Yu Chen Dr. Qinghua Ji Dr. Gong Zhang Prof. Huijuan Liu Prof. Jiuhui Qu Center for Water and Ecology State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Centre for Eco- Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Here, we introduce an innovative “poison arrowhead” approach for disinfection based on a nanosheet bacterial inactivation system that acts synergistically to achieve sterilization rates of >99.99 % ( Escherichia coli ) over an ultrashort time period (≈0.5 min). The two-dimensional MoS 2 “arrowhead” configuration has a sharp edge structure that enables the vigorous extraction of lipids from cell membranes and subsequent membrane disruptions. In the presence of permonosulfate, a strong oxidant, sulfur vacancies containing MoS 2 activate the stable molecules, which in turn produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) from edge sites to basal areas. This process not only scavenges some portion of the phospholipids to allow for MoS 2 surface refreshment but also directly attacks proteins thereby inflicting further damage to injured cells and amplifying the cell-membrane-destructive stresses toward pathogenic microorganisms. With small amounts of the new material, we successfully disinfected natural water (≈99.93 % inactivation in terms of total bacteria) within 30 s.

关键词： Fenton-like reactions lipid extraction molybdenum disulfide rapid disinfection synergistic effect

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Hot-Electron-Induced Photothermal Catalysis for Energy-Dependent Molecular Oxygen Activation

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Angewandte Chemie 2020年第9期133卷

作者： Wei Zhang Dr. Yu Chen Dr. Gong Zhang Dr. Xiao Tan Dr. Qinghua Ji Dr. Zhaowu Wang Prof. Huijuan Liu Prof. Jiuhui Qu Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Center for Water and Ecology State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541006 China School of Physics and Engineering Henan University of Science and Technology Henan Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Energy Storage Materials and Applications Luoyang Henan 471023 China

Hot electrons activate reactants and reduce the activation energy barrier ( E a ) of a reaction through electron donation. However, a comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic driving force of this electron-donating effect is lacking, let alone the precise manipulation of electron donation processes. Herein, the essential and promotional role of hot electron energy on the electron-donating effect was elucidated using molecular oxygen activation (MOA) as a model reaction. Through providing an available electron source to the conventional photo-thermal conversion system, the high energy carried by hot electrons was liberated and greatly enhanced the electron donation towards the LUMO (π*) orbit of O 2 . The energy was also transferred to O 2 and elevated the potential energy surface (PES) of MOA, which was reflected by the enhanced formation of superoxide oxygen anions. As predicted, the E a of MOA decreased by 45.1 % and exhibited a substantial light dependence, demonstrating that MOA became energy-efficient due to improved exploitation and conversion of photon energies.

关键词： activation barrier energy transfer hot electron molecular oxygen activation (MOA) photothermal catalysis

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A Light Source system of Multi-star Simulator with Adjustable Background and Controllable Magnitude

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空间科学学报 2017年第6期37卷 760-765页

作者： SUN Gaofei LIU Shi ZHANG Guoyu ZHANG Yu LEI Jie MA Yiyuan College of Optoelectronic Engineering Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun 130022 Optical Measurement and Control Instrumentation Jilin Province Engineering Research Center Changchun 130022 Key Laboratory of Space System Simulation Beijing 100853

A light source of multi-star simulator capable of background adjustment and magnitude control has been *** integrating spheres are employed as the star-point light source and the background light source respectively.A beam splitter prism has been designed to serve as the beam combiner for the star-point and the background light sources,and a mathematical model has been constructed respectively to compute the light flux of the two integrating spheres.A magnitude testing system and a background testing system have been created using low-light illuminometer,luminance meter,and testing instruments to measure the star-point magnitude and the background luminance of the multi-star *** test results suggest that the star-point magnitude is adjustable from0 to+5 m_v,with a simulation precision superior to ±0.026 m_*** maximum background luminance is 3.8×10~5 cd·m^(-2),and the minimum background luminance is6.4×10^(-2)cd·m^(-2).The designed light source system can meet the requirements for simulating the stellar map with a sky background.

关键词： Adjustable background Controllable magnitude Multi-Star simulator Light source

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