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Chiral Resonant Modes Induced by Intrinsic Birefringence in Lithium Niobate Metasurfaces

Physical Review Letters 2025年第11期134卷 113802-113802页

作者： Bo Wang Tingyue Zhu Yunan Liu Haifang Yang Ruhao Pan Junjie Li Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100190 Beijing China School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University 730000 Lanzhou China CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The intrinsic chirality of natural materials is known to be weak, prompting extensive efforts to enhance chiral light-matter interactions on the metasurface platform. Chiral metasurfaces are typically created by manipulating the geometry of nanostructures, such as three-dimensional helical structures and slanted structures. However, these approaches are generally challenging to implement experimentally in optical frequency ranges. Here, we present the achievement of significant chirality on planar lithium niobate metasurfaces. We theoretically demonstrate that the birefringence of lithium niobate enables a strong coupling between two nearly degenerate resonant modes when rotating the optical axis. Despite the achiral geometric morphology of the lithium niobate structure, we show that these mixed modes exhibit chirality and can produce nearly full circular dichroism signals. Moreover, we experimentally validate our theoretical proposal using our advanced process technique for lithium niobate nanostructures and the measured circular dichroism signal reaches −0.53. These findings offer new possibilities for chiral metaphotonics.

关键词： Birefringence

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Lightweight foam-like nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube complex achieving highly efficient electromagnetic wave absorption

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Journal of Materials science & technology 2024年第1期168卷 114-123页

作者： Zongcheng Li Jin Liang Zhiheng Wei Xin Cao Jiahui Shan Chunwei Li Xiaoyi Chen Dong Zhou Ruizhe Xing Chunjia Luo Jie Kong MOE Key Lab of Materials Physics and Chemistry in Extraordinary Conditions Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and TechnologySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Key laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityNingbo 315103China Polymer Materials and Engineering Department School of Materials Science and EngineeringChang’an UniversityXi’an 710064China

With the increased electromagnetic wave(EMW)threat to military and human health,the develop-ment of EMW-absorbing materials is ***-organic framework derivatives containing magnetic nanoparticles and a carbon matrix are potential candidates for designing efficient EMW-absorbing ***,a zeolitic imidazolate framework-67(ZIF-67)-embedded three-dimensional melamine foam is pyrolyzed to afford carbon foam-based nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube composites,named 3D foam-like CoO/Co/*** CoO/Co particles are confined in the dielectric carbon nanotube *** carbon nanotubes provide considerable conductive loss,while CoO/Co magnetic particles are con-ducive to providing magnetic loss and adjusting impedance ***,the numerous defect structures introduced by heteroatomic doping(nitrogen)cause dipole polarization and simultaneously adjust impedance ***,the unique porous nanotube structure promotes multiple re-flections and scattering of EMWs,further optimizing impedance ***/Co/N-CNTs composites exhibit a minimum reflection loss of−52.3 dB at a matching thickness of 2.0 mm,while the correspond-ing effective absorption bandwidth is 5.28 GHz at a matching thickness of 2.2 *** study reports a novel approach to fabricating a lightweight high-performance EMW-absorbing material.

关键词： Lightweight porous carbon materials Carbon nanotubes CoO/Co magnetic particles Electromagnetic synergistic effect Impedance matching

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Hypergravity influences mouse erythrocyte membrane lipid composition and antioxidant potential

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Acta Astronautica 2025年 234卷 99-105页

作者： Rizzo, Angela Maria Murgia, Giampaolo Lentini, Antonio Zava, Stefania Ferranti, Francesca Tavella, Sara Santucci, Daniela van Loon, Jack J.W.A. Colombo, Irma Corsetto, Paola Antonia Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences University of Milan Italy University of Trento Department of Physics National PhD in Space Science and Technology Italy Italy Department of Experimental Medicine University of Genoa Italy IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova Italy Rome Italy ESA-ESTEC-European Space Agency Technology and Research Centre TEC-NMG Lis Lab Noordwijk Netherlands Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Netherlands

To support safe human space exploration, it is important to understand how different effectors, including gravitational forces, influence living organisms. Indeed, altered levels of gravity affect the physiological function of multiple cells, tissues, and organs in living organisms. Previous studies suggested that microgravity modifies plasma membrane permeability and cellular metabolism in erythrocyte, modifying cholesterol and phospholipid levels. However, to support human safe space exploration, it is also relevant to understand the effects of hypergravity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate in vivo the impact of hypergravity on lipid phenotype and oxidative stress in mouse erythrocytes. Animals were housed in the Italian Space Agency's Mice Drawer System (MDS-ASI), a facility designed to house rodents on the International Space Station (ISS) and adapted by Thales Alenia Space to the Large Diameter Centrifuge (LDC-ESA), to expose mice to a 3×g environment for 14 days. After exposure, a tissue-sharing protocol allowed us to purify and analyze erythrocytes. Our results show that the exposure of mice to altered gravity induced the reduction of unsaturation degree in erythrocyte membranes correlated to a lower stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) activity. Moreover, the hypergravity induced both a decline in antioxidant defences, indicated by the significant decrease in total glutathione, and a grow of the inflammatory status, supported by an increase in the AA/EPA ratio. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Mammals

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Defect-induced anomalous magnetic response of valley polarization in multilayer-corralled MoS2 monolayers

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Physical Review B 2024年第10期110卷 104108页

作者： Tiantian Zhang Yang Yang Yang Guo Qinghu Bai Hao Chang Ruifen Dou Changzhi Gu Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics School of Physics and Astronomy School of Physical Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics Center on Nanoenergy Research Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Blue Energy and Systems Integration School of Physical Science & Technology

Various strategies have been explored to manipulate the valley degrees of freedom in transition metal dichalcogenides, given their potential applications in quantum information. However, the influence of defects on valley polarization in these materials has received relatively little attention. Here we present findings on the significantly enhanced valley polarization and magnetic response of excitons in MoS2 monolayers surrounded by multilayers, achieved through an argon-etched assisted chemical vapor deposition. Low-temperature optical spectroscopy measurements support the identification of sulfur vacancies and their impact on the excitonic properties of the MoS2 monolayers. In addition, circular polarization resolved magnetophotoluminescence measurements reveal enhanced valley polarization and the asymmetric magnetic responses of both band-edge free and in-gap bound excitons, which can be attributed to the formation of charged dark excitons. Our study opens avenues for controlling valley polarization and investigating novel quantum optical phenomena through defect engineering in two-dimensional semiconductors.

关键词： Excitons Vacancies Valley degrees of freedom Monolayer films Transition metal dichalcogenides Optical spectroscopy

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Estimation of China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor performance and burning fraction in different pellet fueling scenarios by a multi-species radial transport model

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Plasma science and technology 2022年第5期24卷 102-111页

作者： Weisheng LIN Xiaogang WANG Xueqiao XU Defeng KONG Yumin WANG Jiale CHEN Zhanhui WANG Chijie XIAO State Key Lab of Nuclear Physics and Technology and School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871People’s Republic of China Department of Physics Institute of Space Environment and Matter ScienceHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001People’s Republic of China Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCalifornia 94551United States of America Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People’s Republic of China Southwestern Institute of Physics Chengdu 610041People’s Republic of China

Tritium self-sufficiency in future deuterium–tritium fusion reactors is a crucial *** an engineering test reactor,the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor requires a burning fraction of 3%for the goal to test the accessibility to the future fusion *** self-consistently simulate burning plasmas with profile changes in pellet injection scenarios and to estimate the corresponding burning fraction,a one-dimensional multi-species radial transport model is developed in the BOUT++*** pellet-fueling scenarios are then tested in the *** results show that the increased fueling depth improves the burning fraction by particle confinement improvement and fusion power ***,by increasing the depth,the pellet cooling-down may significantly lower the temperature in the core *** the density perturbation into consideration,the reasonable parameters of the fueling scenario in these simulations are estimated as pellet radius r_(p)=3 mm,injection rate=4 Hz,and pellet injection velocity=1000–2000 m s^(-1) without drift or 450 m s^(-1) with high-field-side drift.

关键词： CFETR tritium burning fraction fueling scenarios

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Reliability Model for Space-Borne Optoelectrical Sensing Devices Based on Wiener Process 6

Reliability Model for Space-Borne Optoelectrical Sensing Dev...

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6th International Conference on Robotics, Control and Automation Engineering, RCAE 2023

作者： Ma, Kun Xiong, Rui Wang, Xiaowei He, Jiliang Pressure and Vacuum Lab. of National Institute of Metrology Beijing China Beijing Institute of Astronautical Systems Engineering of China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology Beijing China School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronics Engineering of Beihang University Beijing China Beijing Institute of Space Launch Technology of China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350315301

To evaluate the reliability of optoelectrical sensing devices in the optoelectronic sensors during the space mission, a reliability model based on the Wiener process, fused stress acceleration factor for space-borne optical and optoelectronic devices, and a reliability model of space-borne electronic devices based on the Wiener process, considering the individual differences between devices and fusing the randomness of unknown parameters are proposed. The model parameter estimation equations are derived. Combining the failure threshold and the sensitive stress accelerated degradation data, the reliability of the typical space-borne COTS electronic device AD580 is evaluated as an example. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Reliability

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Negative enthalpy alloys and local chemical ordering:a concept and route leading to synergy of strength and ductility

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National science Review 2024年第4期11卷 172-184页

作者： Zibing An Tao Yang Caijuan Shi Shengcheng Mao Lihua Wang Ang Li Wei Li Xianmeng Xue Ming Sun Yifan Bai Yapeng He Fuzeng Ren Zhouguang Lu Ming Yan Yang Ren Chain-Tsuan Liu Ze Zhang Xiaodong Han Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials College of Materials Science &Engineering Beijing University of Technology Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Key Laboratory of Partial Acceleration Physics& Technology Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Materials Science &Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Physics City University of Hong Kong State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials Department of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University

Solid solutions are ubiquitous in metals and alloys. Local chemical ordering(LCO) is a fundamental sub-nano/nanoscale process that occurs in many solid solutions and can be used as a microstructure to optimize strength and ductility. However, the formation of LCO has not been fully elucidated, let alone how to provide efficient routes for designing LCO to achieve synergistic effects on both superb strength and ductility. Herein, we propose the formation and control of LCO in negative enthalpy alloys. With engineering negative enthalpy in solid solutions, genetic LCO components are formed in negative enthalpy refractory high-entropy alloys(RHEAs). In contrast to conventional ‘trial-and-error' approaches, the control of LCO by using engineering negative enthalpy in RHEAs is instructive and results in superior strength(1160 MPa) and uniform ductility(24.5%) under tension at ambient temperature, which are among the best reported so far. LCO can promote dislocation cross-slip, enhancing the interaction between dislocations and their accumulation at large tensile strains; sustainable strain hardening can thereby be attained to ensure high ductility of the alloy. This work paves the way for new research fields on negative enthalpy solid solutions and alloys for the synergy of strength and ductility as well as new functions.

关键词： negative enthalpy alloys local chemical ordering strength ductility dislocation

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Gravitational Echoes from Braneworlds

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhu, Chun-Chun Chen, Jing Guo, Wen-Di Liu, Yu-Xiao Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics Key Laboratory for Quantum Theory and Applications the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou730000 China Institute of Theoretical Physics Research Center of Gravitation School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou730000 China Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory Lanzhou Institute of Physics Lanzhou73000 China

Gravitational echoes can be used to probe the structure of spacetime. In this paper, we investigate the gravitational echoes in different braneworld models in five-dimensional spacetime. We derive the gravitational perturbation equations of these models, and obtain the time-dependent evolution equations of the extra-dimensional and radial components. Using a Gaussian wave packet as initial data, we study the time evolution of the gravitational perturbation. By monitoring the evolution of the Gaussian wave packet, the gravitational echoes are observed whether the wave packet is generated from inside or outside the braneworld. Furthermore, we can restrict the parameters of the braneworld by calculating the strength of the first gravitational echo and using the current gravitational wave data. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Perturbation techniques

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Geometric heat pump:Controlling thermal transport with time-dependent modulations

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Frontiers of physics 2022年第1期17卷 155-168页

作者： Zi Wang Luqin Wang Jiangzhi Chen Chen Wang Jie Ren Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science China-EU Joint Lab on NanophononicsShanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and TechnologySchool of Physics Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai200092China Department of Physics Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua321004China

The second law of thermodynamics dictates that heat simultaneously flows from the hot to cold bath on average. To go beyond this picture, a range of works in the past decade show that, other than the average dynamical heat flux determined by instantaneous thermal bias, a non-trivial flux contribution of intrinsic geometric origin is generally present in temporally driven systems. This additional heat flux provides a free lunch for the pumped heat and could even drive heat against the bias. We review here the emergence and development of this so called “geometric heat pump”, originating from the topological geometric phase effect, and cover various quantum and classical transport systems with different internal dynamics. The generalization from the adiabatic to the non-adiabatic regime and the application of control theory are also discussed. Then, we briefly discuss the symmetry restriction on the heat pump effect, such as duality, supersymmetry and time-reversal symmetry. Finally, we examine open problems concerning the geometric heat pump process and elucidate their prospective significance in devising thermal machines with high performance.

关键词： geometric phase heat pump stochastic heat transport non-adiabatic control

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Highly efficient electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation enabled by the bridging effect of Ru in plasmonic nanoparticles

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Nano Research 2023年第1期16卷 360-370页

作者： Hang Yin Jinwu Hu Caihong Fang Yuyang Wang Lixia Ma Nan Zhang Shouren Zhang Ruibin Jiang Jianfang Wang Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119China College of Chemistry and Materials Science The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular SolidsMinistry of EducationAnhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based MaterialsCenter for Nano Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesAnhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241000China Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanocomposites and Applications Institute of Nanostructured Functional MaterialsHuanghe Science and Technology CollegeZhengzhou 450006China Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

Plasmon-generated hot electrons show great potential for driving chemical *** utilization efficiency of hot electrons is highly dependent on the interaction of the electronic states at the interfaces between plasmonic nanoparticles and other materials/*** interaction can produce new hybridized electron states,which permit direct hot-electron transfer,a more efficient transfer ***,Au usually has very weak interaction with most molecules because of its inertness,which makes direct hot-electron transfer ***,the improvement of the hot-electron transfer efficiency from Au to N_(2)is demonstrated by introducing a Ru bridging *** the N_(2)fixation rate and Faradic efficiency(FE)are enhanced by the excitation of *** enhancement of the N_(2)fixation rate is found to arise from plasmon-generated hot *** calculations show that the strong interaction of the Ru electronic states with the N_(2)molecular orbitals produces new hybridized electronic states,and the Ru d electrons also strongly couple with the Au sp *** a bridging role of Ru makes direct hot-electron transfer from Au to N_(2)possible,improving the FE of nitrogen *** findings demonstrate a new approach to increasing the utilization efficiency of plasmonic hot electrons for chemical reactions and will be helpful to the design of plasmonic catalysts in the future.

关键词： electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation Au/Ru electrocatalysts localized surface plasmon resonance electronic state hybridization hot electron

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