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Recent advances in tantalum nitride for photoelectrochemical water splitting

Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2025年第1期68卷 51-82页

作者： Wenjie Yu Chao Feng Ronghua Li Beibei Zhang Yanbo Li Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731SichuanChina Key Laboratory of Quantum Physics and Photonic Quantum Information Ministry of EducationUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731SichuanChina

Harnessing solar energy for renewable fuel production through artificial photosynthesis offers an ideal solution to the current energy and environmental *** various methods,photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting stands out as a promising approach for direct solar-driven hydrogen *** the efficiency and stability of photoelectrodes is a key focus in PEC water-splitting *** nitride(Ta_(3)N_(5)),with its suitable band gap and band-edge positions for PEC water splitting,has emerged as a highly promising photoanode *** review begins by introducing the history and fundamental characteristics of Ta_(3)N_(5),emphasizing both its advantages and *** then explores methods to improve light absorption efficiency,charge separation and transfer efficiency,surface reaction rate,and the stability of Ta_(3)N_(5) ***,the review discusses the progress of research on tandem PEC cells incorporating Ta_(3)N_(5) ***,it looks ahead to future research directions for Ta_(3)N_(5) *** strategic approach outlined in this review can also be applied to other photoelectrode materials,providing guidance for their development.

关键词： Photoelectrochemical water splitting Tantalum nitride Lightabsorption efficiency Charge separation and transfer efficiency Surfacereaction rate Stability

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Optical pumping through the Liouvillian skin effect

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Physical Review B 2025年第6期111卷 L060301-L060301页

作者： De-Huan Cai Wei Yi Chen-Xiao Dong Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230088 China CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics Hefei 230026 China

The Liouvillian skin effect describes the boundary affinity of Liouvillian eignemodes that originates from the intrinsic non-Hermiticity of the Liouvillian superoperators. Dynamically, it manifests as directional flow in the transient dynamics, and the accumulation of population near open boundaries at long times. Intriguingly, similar dynamic phenomena exist in the well-known process of optical pumping, where the system is driven into a desired state (or a dark-state subspace) through the interplay of dissipation and optical drive. In this work, we show that typical optical pumping processes can indeed be understood in terms of the Liouvillian skin effect. By studying the Liouvillian spectra under different boundary conditions, we reveal that the Liouvillian spectra of the driven-dissipative pumping process sensitively depend on the boundary conditions in the state space, a signature that lies at the origin of the Liouvillian skin effect. Such a connection provides insights and practical means for designing efficient optical pumping schemes through engineering Liouvillian gaps under the open boundary condition. Based on these understandings, we show that the efficiency of a typical sideband cooling scheme for trapped ions can be dramatically enhanced by introducing counterintuitive dissipative channels. Our results provide a useful perspective for optical pumping, with interesting implications for state preparation and cooling.

关键词： Optical pumping

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Multiplexed wavefront sensing using a grating array-based wavefront sensor

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Optics Express 2025年第3期33卷 4437-4445页

作者： Singh, Jaspal Pathak, Biswajit Narayanamurthy, C.S. Ganesan, A.R. Applied Optics Laboratory Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Madras Tamil Nadu Chennai600036 India Applied and Adaptive Optics Laboratory Department of Physics Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Kerala Thiruvananthapuram695547 India

This paper addresses the ambiguity problem associated with a periodic array of spots in the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWS) when used for multiplexed wavefront sensing, corresponding to multiple isoplanatic patches. We overcome this issue by introducing a multiplexed wavefront sensing scheme, utilizing a grating array-based wavefront sensor that is a programmable version of SHWS. Three beams representing lights from three distinct guide stars are generated to validate the proposed scheme. Each beam passed through different regions of a pseudo-random phase plate, resulting in different random phases that mimic turbulence effects. We detected three wavefronts from a single frame of data by employing a binary phase grating array on a spatial light modulator at the pupil plane. The proposed sensing scheme is compatible with existing wavefront reconstruction algorithms. This study has potential applications in multi-conjugate adaptive optics, where multiple wavefront sensors are needed to detect various isoplanatic patches in order to expand the field of view in turbulent conditions. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Adaptive optics

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Femtosecond mode-locking and soliton molecule generation based on a GaAs saturable absorber

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Chinese physics B 2025年第1期34卷 344-349页

作者： Chen-Yan Zhang Xin-He Dou Zhen Chen Jing-Han Zhao Wei Sun Ze-Yu Fan Tao Zhang Hao Teng Zhi-Guo Lv School of Physical Science and Technology Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

In the last few years,research on advanced ultrafast photonic devices has attracted great interest from laser *** a semiconductor material with excellent nonlinear saturation absorption characteristics,Ga As has been used in solidstate and fiber lasers as a ***,the pulse widths that have been reported in the searchable published literature are all long and the shortest is tens of *** pulse widths,desired for a variety of applications,have not yet been reported in Ga As-based pulsed *** this work,we further explore the nonlinear characteristics of Ga As that has been magnetron sputtered onto the surface of a tapered fiber and its application in the generation of femtosecond lasing via effective dispersion optimization and nonlinearity *** the enhanced interaction between evanescent waves and Ga As nanosheets,mode-locked soliton pulses as short as 830 fs are generated at repetition rates of 4.64 *** far as we know,this is the first time that femtosecond-level pulses have been generated with a Ga As-based saturable *** addition,soliton molecules,including in the dual-pulse state,are also realized under stronger *** work demonstrates that Ga As-based photonic devices have good application prospects in effective polymorphous ultrashort pulsed laser generation.

关键词： GaAs saturable absorber mode-locking soliton molecule

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The shadow and gamma-ray bursts of a Schwarzschild black hole in asymptotic safety

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Communications in Theoretical physics 2025年第2期77卷 119-129页

作者： Yuxuan Shi Hongbo Cheng Department of Physics East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Astrophysics Shanghai200234China

The effects and rules of the dimensionless parameterξon neutrino annihilation v+v→e^(-)+e^(+)dominated gamma-ray bursts are analysed and investigated within the context of black holes in asymptotic *** also computationally model photon orbits around black holes,as photons and neutrinos have the same geodesic equations near black *** show that the black hole shadow radius decreases with increasingξ.Calculations are made to determine the temperature of the accretion disk surrounding the black hole and the ratio Q/Q_(Newt)of energy deposition per unit time and compared to that of the Newtonian *** accretion disk temperature peaks at a higher temperature due to quantum gravity corrections,which increases the probability of neutrino emission from the black *** is interesting to note that larger quantum gravity effects cause the ratio value to significantly *** the neutrinoantineutrino annihilation process,the energy deposition rate is sufficient even while the energy conversion is inhibited because of quantum ***-ray bursts might originate from the corrected annihilation ***,we examine the derivative dQ/dr about the star radius *** findings demonstrate that the ratio is lowered by the black hole's quantum *** neutrino pair annihilation grows weaker the more prominent the influence of quantum gravity.

关键词： quantum gravity black hole gamma-ray burst

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Effect of orbital symmetry on atomic ionization in near-infrared laser fields

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Chinese physics B 2025年第1期34卷 289-292页

作者： Manqi Xu Shilin Hu Li Guo Jing Chen Research Center for Advanced Optics and Photoelectronics Department of PhysicsCollege of ScienceShantou UniversityShantou 515063China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology of MOE Shantou UniversityShantou 515063China Department of Physics Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences Department of Modern PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technologyand College of Engineering PhysicsShenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen 518118China

We have performed a comparative study of the photoelectron spectra adopting different initial states(2s or 2_(p0))of hydrogen atoms in a near-infrared laser pulse by using the full three-dimensional time-dependent Schr?dinger *** is demonstrated that the atomic photoelectron spectra oscillate out of step as a function of electron kinetic energies for different initial states(2s or 2_(p0)),which is well reproduced by the simulations based on strong field approximation,and the above distinct feature is ascribed to the different interferences from the partial electron wave packets detached by positive and negative electric fields for different initial states of 2s and 2_(p0).

关键词： orbital symmetry photoelectron spectra strong-field approximation

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Dual Parameter SPR Optical Fiber Sensor Based on TiO2 Coating Modulation for Detecting pH-Temperature with Low Crosstalk

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Journal of Lightwave technology 2025年第11期43卷 5320-5328页

作者： Song, Mingshi Jing, Xili Yin, Zhiyong Li, Shuguang Yanshan University State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province School of Science Qinhuangdao066004 China

This paper designed a based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) optical fiber type low crosstalk pH value and temperature sensor. The sensor has the ability to detect pH value and temperature simultaneously, and can overcome the error factor caused by temperature changes in the pH value detection process of optical fiber sensors. Sensor is based on a multimode fiber (MMF) fused with a coreless fiber (NCF) to build the sensing substrate. Ag was used as SPR excitation material and polyacrylic acid (PAA)/ chitosan (CS) composite membrane was used for pH detection. Compared with previous research on temperature compensation, the SPR cascade sensing method treated by TiO2/PDMS composite membrane significantly improved the temperature sensitivity of SPR signals and reduced crosstalk. This ensures that the SPR signal has a sufficient working range. In the range of -10°C ∼ 100°C, the maximum temperature sensitivity can reach -4.1301 nm/°C, and the detection limit (DL) is 0.1542°C. In the pH range of 4.08 ∼ 9.85, the sensor's pH sensitivity can reach up to -17.9359 nm/pH, and the resolution is 0.1272pH. Excellent sensing performance. The sensor is important for advancing future applications of high-precision temperature compensation detection, high-sensitivity pH biodetection, and SPR modulation technology. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Crosstalk

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Revealing the thermal stability of sodium-ion battery from material to cell level using combined thermal-gas analysis

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第4期103卷 838-849页

作者： Anqi Teng Yue Zhang Lihua Jiang Yue Zhang Hongbin Dang Chenchen Wang Zheng Fang Yong Liu Xuefeng Wang Huang Li Wenxin Mei Qingsong Wang State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026AnhuiChina Anhui Provincial Emergency Management Research Institute Hefei 230000AnhuiChina Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of Safety and Environmental Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590ShandongChina

The future large-scale application of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)is inseparable from their excellent electrochemical performance and reliable safety *** present,there are few studies focusing on their safety *** analysis of thermal stability and structural changes within a single material cannot systematically describe the complex interplay of components within the battery system during the thermal runaway ***,the reaction between the battery materials themselves and their counterparts within the system can stimulate more intense exothermic behavior,thereby affecting the safety of the entire battery ***,this study delved into the thermal generation and gas evolution characteristics of the positive electrode(Na_(x)Ni_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_(2),NFM111)and the negative electrode(hard carbon,HC)in SIBs,utilizing various material *** the integration of microscopic and macroscopic characterization techniques,the underlying reaction mechanisms of the positive and negative electrode materials within the battery during the heating process were *** important results are derived from this study:(Ⅰ)The instability of the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)leads to its decomposition at temperatures below 100℃,followed by extensive decomposition within the range of 100-150℃,yielding heat and the formation of inorganic compounds,such as Na_(2)CO_(3)and Na_(2)O;(Ⅱ)The reaction between NFM111 and the electrolyte constitutes the primary exothermic event during thermal abuse,with a discernible reaction also occurring between sodium metal and the electrolyte throughout the heating process;(Ⅲ)The heat production and gas generation behaviors of multi-component reactions do not exhibit complete correlation,and the occurrence of gas production does not necessarily coincide with thermal *** results presented in this study can provide useful guidance for the safety improvement of SIBs.

关键词： Sodium-ion battery safety Thermal stability Gas generation Decomposition

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Investigations of inelastic cross sections of H_(2)O molecule by He^(2+) and C^(6+) projectiles with energy range around the Bragg peak

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Nuclear science and Techniques 2025年第2期36卷 141-154页

作者： Guo-Zhuang Li Cheng-Ye Sun Rui Cheng Yan-Shi Zhang Liang-Wen Chen Sheng Zhang Xin-Xia Li Lei Yang School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of South ChinaHengyang 421001China Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory Huizhou 516000China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Interdisciplinary Center for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyJiangyin 214443China Center for Basic Teaching and Experiment Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyJiangyin 214443China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Inelastic collisions are the dominant cause of energy loss in *** the energy range around the Bragg peak,single ionization(SI)and single-electron capture(SC)are the primary inelastic collisions that lead to energy *** study employs the classical trajectory Monte Carlo method to study the SI and SC processes of H_(2)O molecules using He^(2+) and C^(6+) projectiles in the energy range of 10 keV/u to 10 MeV/*** total cross sections,single differential cross sections,impact parameter dependence of SI and SC,and fragmentation cross sections were *** illustrate that the cross section for SI is the highest when the projectile energy is close to the Bragg peak *** the projectile energy is below the Bragg peak energy,the ionized electrons in the forward direction dominate,and the removal of electrons can be associated with large impact *** the projectile energy increases,the emission angle of the electrons gradually transitions from small angles(60°~120°)to large angles(60°~120°),and the removal of electrons is associated with small impact *** energy distributions of the ionized electron are similar when the projectile energy is equal to,below or above the Bragg peak *** fragmentation cross sections after SI and SC in the energy range around the Bragg peak were also estimated.

关键词： Classical trajectory Monte Carlo Heavy ion-water molecule collision Inelastic cross sections

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Jet tagging with more-interaction particle transformer

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Chinese physics C 2025年第1期49卷 164-176页

作者： Yifan Wu Kun Wang Congqiao Li Huilin Qu Jingya Zhu College of Science University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China CERN EP DepartmentCH-1211 Geneva 23Switzerland School of Physics and Electronics Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004China

In this paper,we introduce the More-Interaction Particle Transformer(MIParT),a novel deep-learning neural network designed for jet *** framework incorporates our own design,the More-Interaction Attention(MIA)mechanism,which increases the dimensionality of particle interaction *** tested MIParT using the top tagging and quark-gluon *** results show that MIParT not only matches the accuracy and AUC of LorentzNet and a series of Lorentz-equivariant methods,but also significantly outperforms the ParT model in background ***,it improves background rejection by approximately 25% with a signal efficiency of 30% on the top tagging dataset and by 3% on the quark-gluon ***,MIParT requires only 30% of the parameters and 53% of the computational complexity needed by ParT,proving that high performance can be achieved with reduced model *** very large datasets,we double the dimension of particle embeddings,referring to this variant as MIParT-Large(MIParT-L).We found that MIParT-L can further capitalize on the knowledge from large *** a model pre-trained on the 100M JetClass dataset,the background rejection performance of fine-tuned MIParT-L improves by 39% on the top tagging dataset and by 6% on the quark-gluon dataset,surpassing that of fine-tuned ***,the background rejection of fine-tuned MIParT-L improves by an additional 2% compared to that of fine-tuned *** results suggest that MIParT has the potential to increase the efficiency of benchmarks for jet tagging and event identification in particle physics.

关键词： jet tagging collider physics machine learning

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