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Liver international communications 2024年第4期5卷 e70002页

作者： Jinyoung Byun Hyun-Seok Kim Younghun Han Aaron P Thrift Sabrina M Lin Xiangjun Xiao Hyeyeun Lim Goo Jun Stacia M Desantis Hashem B El-Serag Fasiha Kanwal Christopher I Amos Institute for Clinical and Translational Research Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA. Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA. Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA. Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California USA. Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA. Department of Molecular Biology Colgate University Hamilton New York USA. Department of Epidemiology Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences and Human Genetics Center School of Public Health University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston Texas USA. Department of Biostatistics and Data Science The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health Houston Texas USA. Clinical Epidemiology and Comparative Effectiveness Program Section of Health Services Research (IQuESt) Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Houston Texas USA.

Background & Aims:Cirrhosis is a leading cause of liver-related mortality and a multifactorial disease. To date, the complex genetic architecture of non-viral cirrhosis has not been fully explored. Cross-trait genetic correlations can elucidate the common genetic etiology of genetically correlated phenotypes. This study aims to identify polygenic and pleiotropic traits associated with cirrhosis using the linkage disequilibrium score regression analysis. Methods:We conducted genome-wide association analysis of 9,622,842 imputed SNPs on 3,368 non-viral cirrhosis cases and 258,258 controls, and cross-trait analysis between non-viral cirrhosis and various polygenic and pleiotropic traits using the UK Biobank cohort study. We further performed sensitivity analyses by removing genomic regions of alcohol intake, smoking behaviors, and obesity. We observed multiple traits showing robust genetic correlations (rg) with non-viral cirrhosis. Results:We found strong genetic correlations between the genetic architectures of non-viral cirrhosis and clinical/physiologic factors, including BMI (rg=0.82), alanine aminotransferase (0.71), diabetes (0.70), number of cigarettes currently smoked daily (0.67), amount of alcohol drunk on a typical drinking day (0.60), insomnia (0.59), gout (0.57), depression (0.50), apoliprotein-A (-0.33), HDL cholesterol (-0.49). Exclusion of genomic regions associated with alcohol intake, smoking behaviors, and obesity demonstrated consistent directions and persistent associations in genetic patterns. The inheritability of cirrhosis on the observed scale showed 0.56%. Conclusions:This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the shared genetic architecture of non-viral cirrhosis predisposition and numerous polygenic and pleiotropic traits, most notably BMI, alanine aminotransferase, and diabetes. These findings provide new information on underlying comorbid conditions that can increase the non-viral cirrhosis risk.

关键词： Cirrhosis of the liver Cross-trait genetic analysis Genome-wide association study Polygenic inheritance UK Biobank

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The dynamic effect of trading between China and Taiwan under exchange rate fluctuations

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications

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Humanities and Social sciences Communications 2023年第1期10卷 1-9页

作者： Tzu-Yi Yang Chieh Liu Yu-Tai Yang Ssu-Han Chen Graduate Program of International Business Communication Department of Foreign Languages and Literature National Ilan University No. 1 Section 1 Shennong Rd Yilan City Yilan County 260 Taiwan Department of Aeronautical and Opto-Mechatronic Engineering Vanung University No.1 Vanung Rd. ChungLi Taoyuan 32061 Taiwan Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Center for Artificial Intelligence & Data Science Ming Chi University of Technology No.84 Gungjuan Rd. Taishan Dist. New Taipei City 24301 Taiwan

As an export-oriented economy, Taiwan’s export income can be easily influenced by internal and international economic factors, including the industrial production index (IPI) and the exchange rate. With China being Taiwan’s largest recipient, Taiwan’s export income from China is extremely important to Taiwan’s economy. Therefore, this research investigates the nonlinear relationship between the IPI of Taiwan and Taiwan’s export income from China with the application of a panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model. In addition, the currency exchange rate of RMB to NTD, which is the transfer variable, is used to examine the dynamic effect. The research period is monthly data ranging from January 2001 to February 2022. The empirical results show that the effect of the IPI of Taiwan on Taiwan’s export income with China is dynamic. Moreover, with the existence of a threshold value, its influence changes as the currency exchange rate of RMB to NTD varies over time. Finally, regardless of whether the currency exchange rate of RMB to NTD is above or below the threshold value, as the IPI of Taiwan increases, Taiwan’s export income from China also increases, differing only in the degree of increase.

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Tracking X-Ray Variability in Next-generation EHT Low-luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus Targets

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Ford, Nicole M. Nowak, Michael Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh Haggard, Daryl Dage, Kristen Nair, Dhanya G. Chan, Chi-Kwan Department of Physics McGill University 3600 Rue University MontrealQCH3A 2T8 Canada Trottier Space Institute 3550 Rue University MontréalQCH3A 2A7 Canada Department of Physics Washington University in Saint Louis MSC 1105-109-02 One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO University of Turku TurkuFI-20014 Finland Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 KylmäläFI-02540 Finland International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research Curtin University GPO Box U1987 PerthWA6845 Australia Astronomy Department Universidad de Concepción Casilla Concepción160-C Chile Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy Auf dem Hügel 69 Bonn53121 Germany Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85721 United States Data Science Institute University of Arizona 1230 N. Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85721 United States Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona 617 N. Santa Rita TucsonAZ85721 United States

We present a 5 month NICER X-ray monitoring campaign for two low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs)—NGC 4594 and IC 1459—with complementary Swift and NuSTAR observations. Utilizing an absorbed power-law and thermal source model combined with NICER’s SCORPEON background model, we demonstrate the effectiveness of joint source–background modeling for constraining emission from faint, background-dominated targets. Both sources are dominated by nuclear power-law emission with photon indices Γ ∼ 1.5–2, with NGC 4594 being slightly harder than IC 1459. The thermal contribution in both sources is fainter, but constant, with kT ∼ 0.5 keV (∼5 × 106 K). The power-law flux and Γ are strongly anticorrelated in both sources, as has been seen for other LLAGNs with radiatively inefficient accretion flows. NGC 4594 is the brighter source and exhibits significant aperiodic variability. Its variability timescale with an upper limit of 5–7 days indicates emission originating from ≾100 rg, at the scale of the inner accretion flow. A spectral break found at ∼6 keV, while tentative, could arise from synchrotron/inverse Compton emission. This high-cadence LLAGN X-ray monitoring campaign underlines the importance of multiwavelength variability studies for a sample of LLAGNs to truly understand their accretion and outflow physics. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Active Galactic Nuclei

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Dried chicory root improves bowel function, benefits intestinal microbial trophic chains and increases faecal and circulating short chain fatty acids in subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes

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Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England) 2022年 3卷 e4页

作者： Marie-Luise Puhlmann Roosa Jokela Katja Catharina Wilhelmina van Dongen Thi Phuong Nam Bui Roland Willem Jan van Hangelbroek Hauke Smidt Willem Meindert de Vos Edith Johanna Maria Feskens Laboratory of Microbiology Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands. Division of Human Nutrition and Health Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands. Human Microbiome Research Program Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland. Division of Toxicology Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands. Caelus Health Amsterdam The Netherlands. Department of Data Science Euretos BV Utrecht The Netherlands.

We investigated the impact of dried chicory root in a randomised, placebo-controlled trial with 55 subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes on bowel function, gut microbiota and its products, and glucose homeostasis. The treatment increased stool softness (+1.1 ± 0.3 units; 0.034) and frequency (+0.6 ± 0.2 defecations/day; < 0.001), strongly modulated gut microbiota composition (7 % variation; 0.001), and dramatically increased relative levels (3-4-fold) of and spp., in a dose-dependent, reversible manner. A synthetic community, including selected members of these genera and a strain, generated a butyrogenic trophic chain from the product. Faecal acetate, propionate and butyrate increased by 25.8 % (+13.0 ± 6.3 mmol/kg; = 0.023) as did their fasting circulating levels by 15.7 % (+7.7 ± 3.9 μM; 0.057). In the treatment group the glycaemic coefficient of variation decreased from 21.3 ± 0.94 to 18.3 ± 0.84 % ( 0.004), whereas fasting glucose and HOMA-ir decreased in subjects with low baseline levels (-0.3 ± 0.1 mmol/L fasting glucose; 0.0187; -0.14 ± 0.1 HOMA-ir; 0.045). Dried chicory root intake rapidly and reversibly affects bowel function, benefits butyrogenic trophic chains, and promotes glycaemic control.

关键词： Blautia Chicory root gut microbiota intrinsic fibre short-chain fatty acids type 2 diabetes

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Digitising heart transplant rejection

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Lancet (London, England) 2022年第10345期400卷 17页

作者： Faisal Mahmood Eric J Topol Department of Pathology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA Cancer Program Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA Harvard Data Science Initiative Harvard University Cambridge MA USA. Electronic address: faisalmahmood@bwh.harvard.edu. Scripps Research Translational Institute Scripps Research La Jolla CA USA.

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Association between a priori and a posteriori dietary patterns and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a representative cohort study in Taiwan

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Journal of Nutritional science 2023年 12卷 e16-e16页

作者： Rong Lin Kuo-Liong Chien Ming-Chieh Tsai Yi-Jie Wang Le-Yin Hsu Division of Endocrinology Department of Internal Medicine Far Eastern Memorial Hospital New Taipei City Taiwan Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Division of Endocrinology Department of Internal Medicine MacKay Memorial Hospital Tamsui Branch New Taipei City Taiwan Department of Dietetics National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Graduate Program of Data Science National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among Taiwanese individuals. data were collected using a nationwide cohort study (2001–15) from the Triple-High database. Dietary intake was assessed using the twenty-group food frequency questionnaire and used to calculate alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) scores. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares (PLS) regression were used to derive dietary patterns, with incident T2DM as the outcome. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated using time-dependent Cox proportional hazards (Cox PH) regression analysis, and subgroup analyses were performed. A total of 4705 participants were enrolled in the study, and 995 had newly developed T2DM during the median 5⋅28-year follow-up period (30⋅7 per 1000 person-years). Six dietary patterns were extracted (PCA: Western, prudent, dairy and plant-based; PLS: health-conscious, fish-vegetable and fruit-seafood). The highest aMED score quartile had a 25 % (hazard ratio 0⋅75; 95 % CI 0⋅61, 0⋅92; P = 0⋅039) lower risk of T2DM than the lowest quartile. This association remained significant after adjustment (adjusted hazard ratio 0⋅74; 95 % CI 0⋅60, 0⋅91; P = 0⋅010), and no effect modifier was found for aMED. The DASH scores, PCA and PLS dietary patterns were not significant after adjustment. In conclusion, high adherence to a MED-type dietary pattern by Taiwanese foods was associated with a lower risk of T2DM in the Taiwanese population, regardless of unhealthy lifestyle habits.

关键词： Dietary patterns Mediterranean diet Partial least-squares regression Principal component analysis Type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Global tracking of marine megafauna space use reveals how to achieve conservation targets

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science (New York, N.Y.) 2025年第6751期388卷 1086-1097页

作者： Ana M M Sequeira Jorge P Rodríguez Sarah A Marley Hannah J Calich Mirjam van der Mheen Michelle VanCompernolle Lucy M Arrowsmith Lauren R Peel Nuno Queiroz Marisa Vedor Ivo da Costa Gonzalo Mucientes Ana Couto Nicolas E Humphries Sara Abalo-Morla Francisco J Abascal Debra L Abercrombie Katya Abrantes F Alberto Abreu-Grobois André S Afonso Pedro Afonso Heidi Ahonen Susanne Åkesson Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto Russel D Andrews Frédéric Angelier Marina Antonopoulou Javier A Arata Gonzalo Araujo Randall Arauz José Manuel Arcos Igor Arregui Haritz Arrizabalaga Marie Auger-Méthé Steffen Bach Fred Bailleul Robin W Baird George H Balazs Susan G Barco Adam Barnett Warren Baverstock Alastair M M Baylis Annalea Beard Juan Bécares Eduardo J Belda Ian Bell Ashley Bennison Scott R Benson Diego Bernal Michael L Berumen Sandra Bessudo Natalia P A Bezerra Antonin V Blaison Gabriela S Blanco Barbara A Block Mark Bolton Mark E Bond Ramón Bonfil Camrin D Braun Annette C Broderick Michael de L Brooke Annabelle M L Brooks Edward J Brooks Ignacio M Bruno Jennifer M Burns Michael E Byrne Steven E Campana Hamish A Campbell Richard A Campbell Aaron Carlisle Ruth H Carmichael Gemma Carroll Paolo Casale Filipe R Ceia Demian D Chapman Taylor K Chapple Jean-Benoit Charrassin Andre Chiaradia John Chisholm Christopher R Clarke Thomas A Clay Christophe Cleguer Elizabeth Clingham Eric E G Clua Jesse E M Cochran Rochelle Constantine Robert W Cooper Estelle Crochelet Michelle Cronin Eduardo Cuevas Kayla P DaCosta Laurent Dagorn Ryan Daly Randall W Davis P J Nico de Bruyn Carlos Delgado-Trejo Thomas Dellinger Solène Derville Stella Diamant Andrew DiMatteo Kara L Dodge Philip D Doherty Michael C Double Alistair D M Dove Thomas K Doyle Michael J Drew Lindsay L Dubbs Clinton A J Duffy Peter H Dutton Ewan W J Edwards Luke D Einoder Mark V Erdmann Eduardo Espinoza Nicole Esteban Ana Isabel Fagundes Chris Feare Steven H Ferguson Luciana C Ferreira Francesco Ferretti John Filmalter Brittany Finucci G Chris Fischer Richard J Fitzpatrick Jorge Fontes Angela Formia Division of Ecology and Evolution Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra (Australian Capital Territory) Australia. UWA Oceans Institute and the School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth (Western Australia) Australia. Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (IFISC) CSIC-UIB Palma de Mallorca Spain. Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (IMEDEA) CSIC-UIB Esporles Illes Balears Spain. C.A. Illes Balears Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) Palma Spain. Delegación Territorial en Illes Balears Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET) Muelle de Poniente s/n Palma Spain. Scotland's Rural College (SRUC) Craibstone Estate Bucksburn Aberdeen UK. Oceans Graduate School and the UWA Oceans Institute The University of Western Australia Perth (Western Australia) Australia. School of Engineering and the UWA Oceans Institute The University of Western Australia Perth (Western Australia) Australia. Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Biodiversity and Conservation Science Kensington (Western Australia) Australia. Save Our Seas Foundation Geneva Switzerland. The Manta Trust Catemwood House Norwood Lane Corscombe Dorset UK. Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO) InBIO Laboratório Associado Campus de Vairão Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal. BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land Planning Campus de Vairao Vairão Portugal. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC) Vigo Pontevedra Spain. School of Biological Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK. Biomathematics and statistics Scotland The kings building Edinburgh Scotland. Marine Biological Association (MBA) The Laboratory Citadel Hill Plymouth UK. Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras Universitat Politècnica de València Gandia València Spain. Instituto Español de O

The recent Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) sets ambitious goals but no clear pathway for how zero loss of important biodiversity areas and halting human-induced extinction of threatened species will be achieved. We assembled a multi-taxa tracking dataset (11 million geopositions from 15,845 tracked individuals across 121 species) to provide a global assessment of space use of highly mobile marine megafauna, showing that 63% of the area that they cover is used 80% of the time as important migratory corridors or residence areas. The GBF 30% threshold (Target 3) will be insufficient for marine megafauna's effective conservation, leaving important areas exposed to major anthropogenic threats. Coupling area protection with mitigation strategies (e.g., fishing regulation, wildlife-traffic separation) will be essential to reach international goals and conserve biodiversity.

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IoT Solution for Intelligent Pond Monitoring

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental science 2020年第1期426卷

作者： Usin Darmalim Ferdinan Darmalim Sutristo Darmalim Alam Ahmad Hidayat Arif Budiarto Bharuno Mahesworo Bens Pardamean Mega Medica Pharmaceuticals Jakarta Indonesia 11840 Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 Computer Science Department School of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480

Channa striata or the striped snakehead fish is one of snakehead fish species which inhabits all types of freshwater bodies distributed across Asian countries. Because this fish is known to have higher albumin fraction (64.61%) of protein and other economic values, domestication, and cultivation of this fish has been done in many Asian countries such as Indonesia, China, Malaysia, Thailand, Bangladesh, and India. Environmental factors such as temperature, water pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, and turbidity are important parameters must be considered inbreeding and growing this type of fish. The aim of this paper is to propose an IoT solution to automatically monitor these environmental factors. It is designed with affordable and open-source electrical components to provide a cost-efficient solution for farmers. Five sensors are used to measure each parameter. A web application prototype is also presented as a companion application for the users to get useful information from the IoT device. It is developed using a Pythonframework. By accessing this web application, the users can immediately detect any abnormal conditions of the pond.

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Federated learning for computational pathology on gigapixel whole slide images

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Lu, Ming Y. Kong, Dehan Lipkova, Jana Chen, Richard J. Singh, Rajendra Williamson, Drew F.K. Chen, Tiffany Y. Mahmood, Faisal Department of Pathology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Cancer Program Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT CambridgeMA United States Cancer Data Science Dana-Farber Cancer Institute BostonMA United States Department of Pathology Northwell Health NY United States

Deep Learning-based computational pathology algorithms have demonstrated profound ability to excel in a wide array of tasks that range from characterization of well known morphological phenotypes to predicting non human-identifiable features from histology such as molecular alterations. However, the development of robust, adaptable and accurate deep learning-based models often rely on the collection and time-costly curation large high-quality annotated training data that should ideally come from diverse sources and patient populations to cater for the heterogeneity that exists in such datasets. Multi-centric and collaborative integration of medical data across multiple institutions can naturally help overcome this challenge and boost the model performance but is limited by privacy concerns amongst other difficulties that may arise in the complex data sharing process as models scale towards using hundreds of thousands of gigapixel whole slide images. In this paper, we introduce privacy preserving federated learning for gigapixel whole slide images in computational pathology using weakly-supervised attention multiple instance learning and differential privacy. We evaluated our approach on two different diagnostic problems using thousands of histology whole slide images with only slide-level labels. Additionally, we present a weakly-supervised learning framework for survival prediction and patient stratification from whole slide images and demonstrate its effectiveness in a federated setting. Our results show that using federated learning, we can effectively develop accurate weakly supervised deep learning models from distributed data silos without direct data sharing and its associated complexities, while also preserving differential privacy using randomized noise generation. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pathology

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Harmonizing Oncology data: A Pan-Canadian Strategy for Radiotherapy data Standards

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Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation sciences 2025年第1期56卷

作者： Brian Liszewski Monique Ashe Jean-Pierre Bissonnette Erika Brown Renata Chmielewski Carol-Anne Davis Caitlin Gillan Eric Gutierrez Nareesa Ishmail Kristi MacKenzie Michelle Nielsen Jason Pantarotto Teri Stuckless Kathleen Surry Amanda Caissie Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario) Canadian AI and Data in Radiotherapy Alliance (CADRA) Department of Radiation Oncology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Department of Radiation Oncology Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada Canadian Partnership for Quality in Radiotherapy (CPQR) Canadian Organization of Medical Physicists (COMP) The Canadian Association of Provincial Cancer Agency (CAPCA) Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre NLHS Provincial Cancer Care Program Memorial University St John's Newfoundland & Labrador Canada Department of Radiation Oncology London Health Science Centre London Ontario Canada

Purpose/Aim Since 2018, collaborative international efforts led by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) have provided guidance on radiotherapy-specific (TG-263) and general oncology (Operational Ontology for Oncology—O3) data standards. While standardizing nomenclature offers significant benefits for capturing real-world data, challenges in implementation have revealed gaps between these standards and clinical practice. In response to such challenges, the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer (CPAC) and the Canadian Cancer Society (CCS) launched a Ppan-Canadian Ccancer Ddata Sstrategy in 2023, identifying the radiotherapy (RT) community as well-suited to lead the initial phase of this interprofessional initiative, which aims to make diagnostic and treatment data accessible and linkable. Methods/Process As part of CPAC/CCS's strategy to harmonize treatment data, funding was sought to support an early-adopter partnership between two jurisdictions, Ontario (ON) and Nova Scotia (NS), along with two national organizations: the Canadian Artificial Intelligence and data in Radiotherapy Alliance (CADRA) and the Canadian Partnership for Quality Radiotherapy (CPQR). Results or Benefits/Challenges The Pan-Canadian Cancer data Strategy aims to standardize RT data to enhance system-level decision-making and facilitate data sharing and benchmarking nationwide. CPAC/CCS have empowered CADRA and CPQR to lead this initiative. Formed in 2023 as a committee under the Canadian Organization of Medical Physicists (COMP), CADRA operates as a formally interprofessional initiative, with a mandate to promote best practices in data and artificial intelligence. CADRA's current work includes assessing the feasibility of O3 standards in centres with varied resources and data readiness, focusing initially on the 15 ON RT programs and 2 NS RT sites (under one RT program) as early adopter jurisdictions. Work will contribute to pan-Canadian benchmarking by developing tools such as

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