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arXiv 2025年

作者： Chen, Yuan Khaliq, Abdul Furati, Khaled M. Computational and Data Science Program Middle Tennessee State University MurfreesboroTN37132 United States Department of Mathematical Science Middle Tennessee State University MurfreesboroTN37132 United States Department of Mathematics King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran31261 Saudi Arabia

Nonlinear time-dependent partial differential equations are essential in modeling complex phenomena across diverse fields, yet they pose significant challenges due to their computational complexity, especially in higher dimensions. This study explores Quantum Recurrent Neural Networks within an encoder-decoder framework, integrating Variational Quantum Circuits into Gated Recurrent Units and Long Short-Term Memory networks. Using this architecture, the model efficiently compresses high-dimensional spatiotemporal data into a compact latent space, facilitating more efficient temporal evolution. We evaluate the algorithms on the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, Burgers’ equation, the Gray-Scott reaction-diffusion system, and the three dimensional Michaelis-Menten reaction-diffusion equation. The results demonstrate the superior performance of the quantum-based algorithms in capturing nonlinear dynamics, handling high-dimensional spaces, and providing stable solutions, highlighting their potential as an innovative tool in solving challenging and complex systems. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decoding

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Cryptotanshinone Suppresses the STAT3/BCL-2 Pathway to Provoke Human Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma Cell Death

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Environmental Toxicology 2025年第4期40卷 624-635页

作者： Tung, Min-Che Chang, Ge-Man Dai, Wen-Chyi Hsu, Chen-Hsuan Chang, Hsiang-Chun Yang, Wei-Ting Ho, Yann-Jen Lu, Chien-Hsing Chen, Yi-Hsin Chang, Chia-Che Division of Urology Department of Surgery Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital Taichung Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Doctoral Program in Biotechnology Industrial Innovation and Management National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Department of Life Sciences National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Department of Nephrology Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu chi Medical Foundation Taichung Taiwan School of Medicine Tzu Chi University Hualein Taiwan Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Master Program in Precision Health Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Research Center National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology Asia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan

Bladder cancer is one of the most common human malignancies worldwide. Aberrant activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is crucial to driving malignant progression and predicting poor prognosis of multiple human cancers, including bladder cancer, making STAT3 a promising target of cancer therapeutics. Cryptotanshinone (CTS) is an anticancer ingredient of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza), a top-graded Chinese medicinal herb. However, whether CTS targets STAT3 to exert its cytotoxic effect on human bladder cancer remains unknown. Herein, we demonstrated that CTS is cytotoxic to multiple human urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell lines while sparing normal human urothelial cells. CTS provoked apoptosis-dependent bladder TCC cytotoxicity, as apoptosis blockage by z-VAD-fmk markedly rescued the clonogenicity of CTS-treated cells. Besides, CTS was found to suppress constitutive and interleukin 6-inducible activation of STAT3, evidenced by the downregulation of STAT3 tyrosine 705 phosphorylation and BCL2, a recognized STAT3 transcriptional target. Notably, ectopic expression of a dominant-active STAT3 mutant (STAT3-C) or BCL-2 alleviated CTS-induced apoptosis and clonogenicity inhibition, thus confirming STAT3 blockade as a pivotal mechanism of CTS's cytotoxic action on bladder TCC cells. Lastly, immunoblotting revealed that CTS lowered the levels of active JAK2, an upstream kinase that mediates STAT3 tyrosine 705 phosphorylation. Altogether, we conclude that the blockade of the JAK2/STAT3/BCL-2 antiapoptotic signaling axis is a vital mechanism whereby CTS provokes bladder cancer cytotoxicity. The current evidence implicates CTS's potential to be translated into a bladder cancer therapeutic agent. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

关键词： Cell death

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Over the Quantum Rainbow: Explaining Hybrid Quantum Reinforcement Learning

Over the Quantum Rainbow: Explaining Hybrid Quantum Reinforc...

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Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Junghoon Park Jiook Cha Samuel Yen-Chi Chen Shinjae Yoo Huan-Hsin Tseng Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence Seoul National University Department of Psychology Seoul National University Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Seoul National University Graduate School of Data Science Seoul National University Wells Fargo Computational Science Initiative Brookhaven National Laboratory

ISBN: (数字)9798331541378

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541385

In the realm of artificial intelligence, deep rein-forcement learning (RL) agents struggle with generalizability and require substantial computational resources, unlike humans who easily adapt and generalize across tasks. To address these challenges, we introduce Quantum Rainbow, a hybrid algorithm that leverages the neural mechanisms of human decision-making and the efficiency of quantum computing. Quantum Rainbow combines variational quantum circuits with the Rainbow Deep Q-Network (DQN) model to create a novel approach in rein-forcement learning that integrates quantum principles into deep learning paradigms. We evaluate our model using behavioral experiments through the Iowa Gambling Task and 4-Armed Bandit Task. Our investigations reveal a significant relationship between the architecture of quantum circuits and the performance of quantum RL agents. Specifically, using causal discovery methods, we demonstrate the critical role of quantum entanglement in enhancing model performance. These findings not only show promising results but also pave the way for future explorations into optimizing quantum circuit architectures for reinforcement learning applications. This study underscores the potential of quantum-enhanced algorithms to achieve “quantum advantage” by addressing fundamental limitations in conventional deep RL methods.

关键词： Analytical models Quantum computing Quantum algorithm Quantum advantage Quantum entanglement Computational modeling Reinforcement learning Quantum state Integrated circuit modeling Quantum circuit

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A Novel Interpretable Fusion Analytic Framework for Investigating Functional Brain Connectivity Differences in Cognitive Impairments

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Jeon, Yeseul Kim, Jeong-Jae Yu, SuMin Choi, Junggu Han, Sanghoon Department of Statistics and Data Science Yonsei University Seoul Korea Republic of Graduate Program in Cognitive Science Yonsei University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Duke University DurhamNC United States Department of Psychology Yonsei University Seoul Korea Republic of

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is characterized by its complexity and high-dimensionality, encompassing signals from various regions of interests (ROIs) that exhibit intricate correlations. Analyzing fMRI data directly proves challenging due to its intricate structure. Nevertheless, ROIs convey crucial information about brain activities through their connections, offering insights into distinctive brain activity characteristics between different groups. To address this, we propose a cuttingedge interpretable fusion analytic framework that facilitates the identification and understanding of ROI connectivity disparities between two groups, thereby revealing their unique features. Our novel approach encompasses three key steps. Firstly, we construct ROI functional connectivity networks (FCNs) to effectively manage fMRI data. Secondly, employing the FCNs, we utilize a self-attention deep learning model for binary classification, generating an attention distribution that encodes group differences. Lastly, we employ a latent space item-response model to extract group representative ROI features, visualizing these features on the group summary FCNs. We validate the effectiveness of our framework by analyzing four types of cognitive impairments, showcasing its capability to identify significant ROIs contributing to the differences between the two disease groups. This novel interpretable fusion analytic framework holds immense potential for advancing our understanding of cognitive impairments and could pave the way for more targeted therapeutic interventions. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neurophysiology

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Causality Analysis of COVID-19 Induced Crashes in Stock and Commodity Markets: A Topological Perspective

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Sharma, Buddha Nath Rai, Anish Luwang, Salam Rabindrajit Nurujjaman, Md. Majhi, Sushovan Department of Physics National Institute of Technology Sikkim Sikkim737139 India AlgoLabs Chennai Mathematical Institute 603103 India Data Science Program George Washington University WashingtonDC20052 United States

The paper presents a comprehensive causality analysis of the US stock and commodity markets during the COVID-19 crash. The dynamics of different sectors are also compared. We use Topological data Analysis (TDA) on multidimensional time-series to identify crashes in stock and commodity markets. The Wasserstein Distance (WD) shows distinct spikes signaling the crash for both stock and commodity markets. We then compare the persistence diagrams of stock and commodity markets using the WD metric. A significant spike in the WD between stock and commodity markets is observed during the crisis, suggesting significant topological differences between the markets. Similar spikes are observed between the sectors of the US market as well. Spikes obtained may be due to either a difference in the magnitude of crashes in the two markets (or sectors), or from the temporal lag between the two markets suggesting information flow. We study the Granger-causality between stock and commodity markets and also between different sectors. The results show a bidirectional Granger-causality between commodity and stock during the crash period, demonstrating the greater interdependence of financial markets during the crash. However, the overall analysis shows that the causal direction is from stock to commodity. A pairwise Granger-causal analysis between US sectors is also conducted. There is a significant increase in the interdependence between the sectors during the crash period. TDA combined with Granger-causality effectively analyzes the interdependence and sensitivity of different markets and sectors. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Financial markets

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Lightweight Pedestrian Detection through Guided Filtering and Deep Learning 10

Lightweight Pedestrian Detection through Guided Filtering an...

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10th IEEE Global Conference on Consumer Electronics, GCCE 2021

作者： Muchtar, Kahlil Saddami, Khairun Bintang, Akhyar Cenggoro, Tjeng Wawan Pardamean, Bens Lin, Chih-Yang Ernita, Tia Universitas Syiah Kuala Department of Electrical And Computer Engineering Aceh Indonesia Universitas Syiah Kuala Department of Electrical And Computer Engineering Aceh Indonesia Bina Nusantara University School of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Bioinformatics And Data Science Research Center Computer Science Department Jakarta Indonesia Bina Nusantara University BINUS Graduate Program-Master of Computer Science Program Bina Nusantara University Bioinformatics And Data Science Research Center Computer Science Department Jakarta Indonesia Yuan-Ze University Department of Electrical And Engineering Taoyuan Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665436762

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to locate and detect moving pedestrians in a video. Our proposed method first locates the region of interest (ROI) using a background subtraction algorithm based on guided filtering. This novel background subtraction algorithm allows our method to also filter unexpected noises at the same time, which could benefit the performance of our proposed method. Subsequently, the pedestrians are detected using YOLOv3 within the provided ROI. Our experiments showed that the proposed method has a competitive performance in the CDNET2014 dataset with a fast-processing time. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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An Enhanced BERTopic Framework and Algorithm for Improving Topic Coherence and Diversity

An Enhanced BERTopic Framework and Algorithm for Improving T...

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IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC)

作者： Sahil Sawant Jinhong Yu Kirtikumar Pandya Chun-Kit Ngan Rolf Bardeli Data Science Program Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA Big Data & Consumer Analytics Vodafone GmbH Duesseldorf NRW Germany

In this paper, we enhance and customize the existing BERTopic framework to develop and implement an automated pipeline that delivers a more coherent and diverse set of topics with an even moderate dataset. More specifically, the contributions of this work are threefold: (1) integrate a dynamic and advanced optimizer into the existing BERTopic framework to learn the optimal number of dimensions of different document embeddings, (2) develop a k-means-based algorithm in the optimizer to support the dimension-embedding learning, and (3) conduct an extensive experimental study on three distinct types of datasets, including DBPedia, AG News, and Reuters, to evaluate the performance of our approach in terms of the topic quality (TQ) score computed by the topic coherence and the topic diversity. From the results, we can conclude that our enhanced, automated BERTopic framework with its dimension-embedding learning algorithm on documents outperforms the TQ score of the existing framework by 4.49% (before removing the stop words) and 16.52% (after removing the stop words) among all the four representable document-embedding approaches, including the BERTopic's Default Sentence Transformer, Google's Universal Sentence Encoder, OpenAI GPT-2, and our investigators' developed Context-aware Embedding Model, on all the three datasets.

关键词： Heuristic algorithms Pipelines Coherence Transformers Internet Context modeling

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Constructing Coronary Artery Vessel Segmentation Based on Deep Learning Models and Image Processing 24

Constructing Coronary Artery Vessel Segmentation Based on De...

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8th International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics, ICMHI 2024

作者： Peng, Kang-Syuan Chang, Hsiao-Huang Hsu, Ying-Kai Chien, Ting-Ying Department of Computer Science and Engineering Yuan Ze University Taoyuan City Taiwan Cardiovascular Surgery Department Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei City TaiwanTaipei Medical University Taipei City Taiwan Graduate Program in Biomedical Informatics Yuan Ze University Taoyuan City Taiwan TaiwanInnovation Center for Big Data and Digital Convergence Yuan Ze University Taoyuan City Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798400716874

Narrowing of the coronary arteries is an important indicator of the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients. Previous research using deep learning to identify narrowed vessels has primarily been based on object detection, but this approach has several problems, such as the inability to detect multivessel narrowing, calculate the actual rate of narrowing, and determine the exact location of occurrence. Therefore, we believe that the determination of narrowing should return to the original method, namely, calculating the maximum and minimum diameters around the vessel. However, to automate this task, a preprocessing step for separating each vessel is needed, especially for the complex structure of the left coronary artery. We designed a deep learning model capable of analyzing an entire coronary angiography (CAG) image for the separation and tracking of vessels. This not only serves as a preprocessing step for calculating narrowing but also allows for the analysis of different vessel flow directions, providing doctors with comprehensive assessment indicators. © 2024 Copyright ACM.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Symptom Dimensions and Cognitive Impairments in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis

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Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging 2025年第6期10卷 646-655页

作者： Zhang, TianHong Xu, LiHua Wei, YanYan Cui, HuiRu Tang, XiaoChen Hu, YeGang Liu, HaiChun Wang, ZiXuan Chen, Tao Yi, ZhengHui Li, ChunBo Wang, JiJun Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders Shanghai China Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Department of Psychology Shanghai Xinlianxin Psychological Counseling Center Shanghai China Big Data Research Laboratory University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada Labor and Worklife Program Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts United States Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China

Background: Understanding the intricate relationships between symptom dimensions, clusters, and cognitive impairments is crucial for early detection and intervention in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. This study delves into this complex interplay in a clinical high risk sample with the aim of predicting the conversion to psychosis. Methods: A comprehensive cognitive assessment was performed in 744 clinical high risk individuals. The study included a 3-year follow-up period to allow assessment of conversion to psychosis. Symptom profiles were determined using the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes. By applying factor analysis, symptom dimensions were categorized as dominant negative symptoms (NS), positive symptoms-stressful, and positive symptoms-odd. The factor scores were used to define 3 dominant symptom groups. Latent class analysis (LCA) and the factor mixture model (FMM) were employed to identify discrete clusters based on symptom patterns. The 3-class solution was chosen for the LCA and FMM analysis. Results: Individuals in the dominant NS group exhibited significantly higher conversion rates to psychosis than those in the other groups. Specific cognitive variables, including performance on the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test–Revised (odds ratio = 0.702, p = .001) and Neuropsychological Assessment Battery Mazes Test (odds ratio = 0.776, p = .024), significantly predicted conversion to psychosis. Notably, cognitive impairments associated with NS and positive symptoms-stressful groups affected different cognitive domains. LCA and FMM cluster 1, which was characterized by severe NS and positive symptoms-odd, exhibited more impairments in cognitive domains than other clusters. No significant difference in the conversion rate was observed among the LCA and FMM clusters. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of NS in the development of psychosis and suggest specific cognitive domains that are affected by symptom dimensions.

关键词： Negative symptoms Neurocognition Subtype Transition Ultra high risk

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Multi-layer network modelling of genomic and transcriptomic data to investigate the response to checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC

Multi-layer network modelling of genomic and transcriptomic ...

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IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)

作者： Davide Mascolo Lorenzo Farina Manuela Petti MSc Program in Data Science Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy Dept. of Computer Control and Management Engineering Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy

Recent innovations and developments in molecular biology and biotechnology have made it possible to acquire and store large omics datasets. In particular genomics, transcriptomics and the study of their relationship represent the key elements to understand how genotype influences phenotype. In this work we investigate the potential of multi-layer network modeling in integrating genomic and transcriptomic data of 152 advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with anti-PD-(L)1 therapy. For the transcriptomic layer, we performed differential expression and differential co-expression analyses in order to identify a subset of key genes in differentiating responder patients from non-responders. Adding to the genomic-transcriptomic model other three layers related to immune, myeloid and curated immunotherapy-based literature signatures we obtained a 5-layer Patient Similarity Network. The application of Similarity Network Fusion algorithm revealed a statistically significant stratification of patients (p-value ≤ 0.05) which allows the identification of two clusters characterized by patients responding and not responding to immunotherapy.

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