The concept of smart building includes the optimization of energy usage in a building. One of the possible solutions for this is to adaptively adjust appliances utilization according to activity level in the building....
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Models for the observational appearance of astrophysical black holes rely critically on accurate general-relativistic ray tracing and radiation transport to compute the intensity measured by a distant observer. In thi...
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Models for the observational appearance of astrophysical black holes rely critically on accurate general-relativistic ray tracing and radiation transport to compute the intensity measured by a distant observer. In this paper, we illustrate how the choice of coordinates and initial conditions affect this process. In particular, we show that propagating rays from the camera to the source leads to different solutions if the spatial part of the momentum of the photon points towards the horizon or away from it. In doing this, we also show that coordinates that are well suited for numerical general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations are typically not optimal for generic ray tracing. We discuss the implications for black hole images and show that radiation transport in optimal and nonoptimal spacetime coordinates lead to the same images up to numerical errors and algorithmic choices.
Presidential actions on Jan 20, 2025, by President Donald Trump, including executive orders, have delayed access to or led to the removal of crucial public health data sources in the USA. The continuous collection and...
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We introduce Cell2Sentence (C2S), a novel method to directly adapt large language models to a biological context, specifically single-cell transcriptomics. By transforming gene expression data into "cell sentence...
We introduce Cell2Sentence (C2S), a novel method to directly adapt large language models to a biological context, specifically single-cell transcriptomics. By transforming gene expression data into "cell sentences," C2S bridges the gap between natural language processing and biology. We demonstrate cell sentences enable the fine-tuning of language models for diverse tasks in biology, including cell generation, complex cell-type annotation, and direct data-driven text generation. Our experiments reveal that GPT-2, when fine-tuned with C2S, can generate biologically valid cells based on cell type inputs, and accurately predict cell types from cell sentences. This illustrates that language models, through C2S fine-tuning, can acquire a significant understanding of single-cell biology while maintaining robust text generation capabilities. C2S offers a flexible, accessible framework to integrate natural language processing with transcriptomics, utilizing existing models and libraries for a wide range of biological applications.
Ultrasound kidney image segmentation presents significant challenges due to missing or ambiguous boundaries. In this study, we introduce a coarse-to-refinement approach incorporating four novel aspects. Firstly, we le...
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In this paper, we consider contextual stochastic optimization using Nadaraya-Watson kernel regression, which is one of the most common approaches in nonparametric regression. Recent studies have explored the asymptoti...
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This study explores the feasibility of deep learning for classifying nodule neoplasms, analyzing their performance on two openly available datasets, LUNGx SPIE, and LIDC-IDRI. These datasets offer valuable diversity i...
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Interevent times in temporal contact data from humans and animals typically obey heavy-tailed distributions, which impacts contagion and other dynamical processes on networks. We theoretically show that distributions ...
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Interevent times in temporal contact data from humans and animals typically obey heavy-tailed distributions, which impacts contagion and other dynamical processes on networks. We theoretically show that distributions of interevent times heavier-tailed than exponential distributions are a consequence of the most basic metapopulation model used in epidemiology and ecology, in which individuals move from one patch to another according to the simple random walk. Our results hold true irrespective of the network structure and also for more realistic mobility rules such as high-order random walks and the recurrent mobility patterns used for modeling human dynamics.
Ultrasound image segmentation is crucial for early disease detection and treatment planning but remains a challenging task due to the low contrast of organ boundaries and varying image quality. Current methods often r...
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When group members claim a portion of limited resources, it is tempting to invest more effort to get a larger share. However, if everyone acts similarly, they all get the same piece they would obtain without extra eff...
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