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Tempered enthusiasm by interviewed experts for synthetic data and ELSI checklists for AI in medicine

AI and ethics 2025年第3期5卷 3241-3254页

作者： Laura Y Cabrera Jennifer Wagner Sara Gerke Daniel Susser Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State University W-316 Millennium Science Complex University Park PA 16802 USA. Department of Philosophy Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA. Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA. Rock Ethics Institute Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA. Bioethics Program Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA. School of Engineering Design and Innovation Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA. Department of Anthropology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA. Institute for Computational and Data Sciences Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA. College of Law and European Union Center University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Champaign IL 61820 USA. Department of Information Science Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA.

Synthetic data are increasingly being used in data-driven fields. While synthetic data is a promising tool in medicine, it raises new ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) challenges. There is a recognized need for well-designed approaches and standards for documenting and communicating relevant information about artificial intelligence (AI) research datasets and models, including consideration of the many ELSI challenges. This study investigates the ethical dimensions of synthetic data and explores the utility and challenges of ELSI-focused computational checklists for biomedical AI via semi-structure interviews with subject matter experts. Our results suggest that AI experts have tempered views about the promises and challenges of both synthetic data and ELSI-focused computational checklists. Experts discussed a number of ELSI issues covered by previous literature on the topic, such as issues of bias and privacy, yet other less discussed ELSI issues, such as social justice implications and issues of trust were also raised. When discussing ELSI-focused computational checklists our participants highlighted the challenges connected to developing and implementing them.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Computational checklists ELSI Synthetic data

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Brain oscillatory activity evoked by chirp modulated tones in healthy children

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Heliyon 2024年第24期10卷 e40599页

作者： Irazabal, Nadia Inés Urrestarazu, Elena Valencia, Miguel Manzanilla, Oscar Crespo-Eguilaz, Nerea Isaguirre, María Belén Sánchez-Carpintero, Rocío Paediatric Neurology Unit. Department of Paediatrics. Clinica Universidad de Navarra Pamplona Spain Department of Clinical Neurophysiology. Clinica Universidad de Navarra Pamplona Spain Biomedical Engineering Program Universidad de Navarra CIMA Pamplona Spain IdiSNA Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra Pamplona Spain Institute of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Universidad de Navarra Pamplona Spain Statistical Consultant Argentina

Aim: To describe the features of cortical oscillatory activity and neuronal synchronization by monitoring responses evoked by chirp-modulated tone (CMT) and look for relationships with cognition in healthy children. Methods: We recruited 23 healthy children, 1–18 years old, assessed their cognitive abilities and recorded the cortical oscillatory activity evoked by CMTs. We obtained descriptive statistics and looked for correlations with cognitive abilities. Results: In the low gamma band, the neuronal synchronization evoked by CMTs increased with age, reaching adult features by 12 years of age (rho = 0.5;p = 0.042). In the high gamma band, neuronal recruitment was greater at younger ages (rho = −0.55;p = 0.029). In four of the six under-6-year-old participants, there was no CMT-evoked response. We found that the greater a child's receptive vocabulary skills, the lower the frequency at which maximal neuronal recruitment occurred (rho = −0.65;p = 0.003). Interpretation: CMT-evoked cortical oscillatory activity is affected by degree of brain maturation and could be a potential biomarker of language-related disability. Our description of the cortical responses evoked by CMTs in healthy children is a step towards recognition of abnormal patterns and the possible use of this approach as a biomarker of brain disorders in children. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Brain maturation Brain oscillatory activity Chirp Healthy children Neurodevelopment biomarker

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Macrophages direct location-dependent recall of B cell memory to vaccination

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Cell 2025年

作者： Dhenni, Rama Hoppé, Alexandra Carey Reynaldi, Arnold Kyaw, Wunna Handoko, Nathalie Tricia Grootveld, Abigail K. Keith, Yuki Honda Bhattacharyya, Nayan Deger Ahel, Holly I. Telfser, Aiden Josiah McCorkindale, Andrew N. Yazar, Seyhan Bui, Christina H.T. Smith, James T. Khoo, Weng Hua Boyd, Mollie Obeid, Solange Milner, Brad Starr, Mitchell Brilot, Fabienne Milogiannakis, Vanessa Akerman, Anouschka Aggarwal, Anupriya Davenport, Miles P. Deenick, Elissa K. Chaffer, Christine L. Croucher, Peter I. Brink, Robert Goldstein, Leonard D. Cromer, Deborah Turville, Stuart G. Kelleher, Anthony D. Venturi, Vanessa Munier, C. Mee Ling Phan, Tri Giang Precision Immunology Program Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney NSW Australia St. Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus School of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health UNSW Sydney Kensington Sydney NSW Australia Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program Kirby Institute UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Infection Analytics Program Kirby Institute UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Data Science Platform Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney 2010 NSW Australia St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Cancer Plasticity and Dormancy Program The Kinghorn Cancer Centre Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney 2010 NSW Australia St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research Sydney NSW Australia Immune Biotherapies Program Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney 2010 NSW Australia Brain Autoimmunity Group Kids Neuroscience Centre The Children's Hospital at Westmead Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences Sydney NSW Australia School of Medical Science Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia

Vaccines generate long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells (Bmems) that may re-enter secondary germinal centers (GCs) to further mutate their B cell receptor upon boosting and re-exposure to antigen. We show in mouse models that lymph nodes draining the site of primary vaccination harbor a subset of Bmems that reside in the subcapsular niche, generate larger recall responses, and are more likely to re-enter GCs compared with circulating Bmems in non-draining lymph nodes. This location-dependent recall of Bmems into the GC in the draining lymph node was dependent on CD169⁺ subcapsular sinus macrophages (SSMs) in the subcapsular niche. In human participants, boosting of the BNT162b2 vaccine in the same arm generated more rapid secretion of broadly neutralizing antibodies, GC participation, and clonal expansion of SARS-CoV-2-specific B cells than boosting of the opposite arm. These data reveal an unappreciated role for primed draining lymph node SSMs in Bmem cell fate determination. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： affinity maturation broadly neutralizing antibodies germinal center immune imprinting memory original antigenic sin plasma cells SARS-CoV-2 subcapsular sinus macrophage vaccine

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U1 snRNP regulates alternative promoter activity by inhibiting premature polyadenylation

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Molecular Cell 2025年第10期85卷 1968-1981.e7页

作者： Kim, GyeungYun Carroll, Christine L. Wakefield, Zachary Peters Tuncay, Mustafa Fiszbein, Ana Biology Department Boston University Boston 02215 United States Graduate Program in Molecular Biology Cell Biology & Biochemistry Boston University Boston 02215 United States Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology Boston University Boston 02215 United States Bioinformatics Program Faculty of Computing and Data Science Boston University Boston 02215 United States Center for Computing & Data Sciences Boston University Boston 02215 United States

Emerging evidence indicates that splicing factors mediate the close link between transcription and splicing. However, the mechanisms underlying this coupling remain unclear. U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (U1 snRNP) not only initiates splicing but also plays a crucial role in preventing premature cleavage and polyadenylation, facilitating long-distance transcriptional elongation. Here, we show that U1 snRNP regulates alternative promoter activity in human cells by inhibiting premature polyadenylation. In genes carrying premature polyadenylation sites between two promoters, U1 snRNP inhibition with antisense oligonucleotides leads to a significant decrease in downstream promoter activity. Conversely, restoring U1 snRNP activity or inhibiting premature polyadenylation rescues downstream promoter activity. Mechanistically, U1 snRNP inhibition correlates with reduced chromatin accessibility, decreased RNA polymerase II serine 5 phosphorylation, and increased promoter-proximal pause at downstream promoters. Our findings support a model in which U1 snRNP favors productive elongation from upstream promoters, triggering downstream promoter activation by destabilizing nucleosomes and promoting promoter escape. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： alternative promoters dowsntream promoters promoter-proximal pause splicing factors splicing transcription transcription cooperativity transcription initiation transcription interfierence transcription start sites U1 snRNP

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SUPP & MAPP: ADAPTABLE STRUCTURE-BASED REPRESENTATIONS FOR MIR TASKS 21

SUPP & MAPP: ADAPTABLE STRUCTURE-BASED REPRESENTATIONS FOR M...

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21st International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference, ISMIR 2020

作者： Savard, Claire Bugbee, Erin H. McGuirl, Melissa R. Kinnaird, Katherine M. Department of Physics University of Colorado Boulder United States Department of Biostatistics Brown University United States Division of Applied Mathematics Brown University United States Department of Computer Science and Program in Statistical and Data Sciences Smith College United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780981353708

Accurate and flexible representations of music data are paramount to addressing MIR tasks, yet many of the existing approaches are difficult to interpret or rigid in nature. This work introduces two new song representations for structure-based retrieval methods: Surface Pattern Preservation (SuPP), a continuous song representation, and Matrix Pattern Preservation (MaPP), SuPP’s discrete counterpart. These representations come equipped with several user-defined parameters so that they are adaptable for a range of MIR tasks. Experimental results show MaPP as successful in addressing the cover song task on a set of Mazurka scores, with a mean precision of 0.965 and recall of 0.776. SuPP and MaPP also show promise in other MIR applications, such as novel-segment detection and genre classification, the latter of which demonstrates their suitability as inputs for machine learning problems. © Claire Savard, Erin H. Bugbee, Melissa R. McGuirl, Katherine M. Kinnaird.

关键词： Information retrieval

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Satellite-based assessment and forecasting of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in Indian megacities using advanced statistical methods

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Environmental science and Pollution Research 2025年 2025 Jun 4页

作者： Alagade, Adarsh Sahu, Manoranjan Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 507 Aerosol and Nanoparticle Technology Laboratory Mumbai400076 India Inter-Disciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Centre for Machine Intelligence and Data Science Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India

The urgent challenge of climate change, driven by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, highlights the need for reliable monitoring to inform effective mitigation strategies. However, the lack of monitoring stations in India for direct GHG measurements poses a challenge. This study explores the potential of satellite data for monitoring CO2 and CH4 concentrations in Indian megacities, specifically for Mumbai and Delhi. We assessed the reliability of Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite data for CO2 and Sentinel-5 Precursor data for CH4 by comparing them with ground-based Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) measurements. Additionally, we applied the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model for CO₂ forecasting in Mumbai, achieving high accuracy (mean absolute error = 2.1 ppm, root mean square error = 2.72 ppm). While data limitations restrict CO2 analysis for Delhi, the findings for Mumbai significantly contribute to understanding urban CO2 dynamics. The SARIMA model also shows promise for CH4 forecasting with MAE of 8.3 ppb (Mumbai) and 7.78 ppb (Delhi) and RMSE of 10.37 ppb (Mumbai) and 11.92 ppb (Delhi). These findings underscore the utility of satellite data and forecasting models in monitoring urban GHG emissions. The observed rise in CO2 and CH4 concentrations highlights the urgency of implementing serious actions to address climate change. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Global warming

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A sampling of seasonal science books

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science 2021年第6559期373卷 1078-1079页

作者： Douglas, Susan The reviewer is at the Department of Neurology UCLA Medical Center Los Angeles CA USA. The reviewer is director of the McClure Center for Public Policy Research University of Idaho Boise ID USA. The reviewer is at the IDA Science and Technology Policy Institute Washington DC USA. The reviewer is a physician and molecular biologist in Chevy Chase MD USA who consults on health systems and data for technology and health care organizations. The reviewer is a senior analyst at Nerac Inc. Tolland CT USA. The reviewer is at the Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA USA. The reviewer is provost and dean of faculty at Sarah Lawrence College Bronxville NY USA. The reviewer is currently a program officer in Bethesda MD USA and formerly served as a AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellow and a Fulbright Scholar.

[Figure: see text].

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Financial transaction database design for jamu small-medium enterprises

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2594卷

作者： R. Rahutomo A. Permatasari Y. Lie B. Pardamean Information Systems Department School of Information Systems Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program Master of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480

As jamu small-medium enterprises (SMEs) concentrate on establishing online sales and computerized systems, Point of Sales (PoS) becomes a strategic solution to maintain financial ...

As jamu small-medium enterprises (SMEs) concentrate on establishing online sales and computerized systems, Point of Sales (PoS) becomes a strategic solution to maintain financial stability with its capabilities in recording electronic transactions accurately. As the initial step in technology empowerment for jamu SMEs, the research proposes a concept in facilitating jamu SMEs to adapt in online business. A combination of Connolly and Begg's database design principles and McCarthy's Marketing Mix 4P generates a conceptual design of PoS database targeted specifically for jamu SMEs. The database design manages online purchasing transactions for jamu products by involving not only jamu SMEs and consumers but also a system administrator who manages data verification and extraction.

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COVID-19 detection in computed tomography images with 2D and 3D approaches

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Ali Ahmed, Sara Atito Can Yavuz, Mehmet Umut Sen, Mehmet Gulsen, Fatih Tutar, Onur Korkmazer, Bora Samancı, Cesur Şirolu, Sabri Hamid, Rauf Eryürekli, Ali Ergun Mammadov, Toghrul Yanikoglu, Berrin Sabanci University Istanbul34956 Turkey Urbanstat The Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine Turkey The Computer Science and Engineering Program Sabanci University Istanbul34956 Turkey The Sabanci University Center of Excellence in Data Analytics

Detecting COVID-19 in computed tomography (CT) or radiography images has been proposed as a supplement to the definitive RT-PCR test. We present a deep learning ensemble for detecting COVID-19 infection, combining slice-based (2D) and volume-based (3D) approaches. The 2D system detects the infection on each CT slice independently, combining them to obtain the patient-level decision via different methods (averaging and long-short term memory networks). The 3D system takes the whole CT volume to arrive to the patient-level decision in one step. A new high resolution chest CT scan dataset, called the IST-C dataset, is also collected in this work. The proposed ensemble, called IST-CovNet, obtains 90.80% accuracy and 0.95 AUC score overall on the IST-C dataset in detecting COVID-19 among normal controls and other types of lung pathologies;and 93.69% accuracy and 0.99 AUC score on the publicly available MosMed dataset that consists of COVID-19 scans and normal controls only.. The system is deployed at Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computerized tomography

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Questionnaire design for analyzing important risk factors of cervical cancer

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2594卷

作者： K. Purwandari D. Sudigyo A. S. Perbangsa A. Irwan B. Pardamean Bioinformatics & Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 Information Systems Department School of Information Systems Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480

Cervical cancer is Indonesia's second leading cause of death, following only breast cancer. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), non-communicable disorders will be blamed for 70% of all deaths and illnesses in 2020, while other disease types will account for 60%. Cervical cancer can be detected earlier, lowering the chance of death. This study aims to validate and check the pap smear test results obtained from the previously conducted pap smear screening program. The pap smear questionnaire developed would help in the compilation of a patient's habit history that has undergone a pap smear test during his life based on the factors associated with the occurrence of cervical cancer. Specific details, social-demographic features, diet, genital hygiene activities, reproductive background and behaviors, and health care and cancer prevention behavior are also included in the questionnaire template. The consequence of this design is the completeness of evidence on the theory of anomalies dependent on the findings of pap smear sampling.

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