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A hybrid blockchain and AI-based approach for attack protection to secure internet of medical things networks

Alexandria Engineering Journal 2025年 128卷 223-230页

作者： Hadeel Alsolai Fahd N. Al-Wesabi Ali M. Al-Sharafi Asma Alshuhail Abdulbasit A. Darem Bandar M. Alghamdi Fouad Shoie Alallah Abdulrahman Alzahrani Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Applied College at Mahayil King Khalid University Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence College of Computing and Information Technology University of Bisha Bisha 67714 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer Sciences & Information Technology King Faisal University Saudi Arabia Center for Scientific Research and Entrepreneurship Northern Border University Arar 73213 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Computer Science and Engineering University of Hafr Al Batin Saudi Arabia

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has revolutionized healthcare by enabling real-time monitoring, remote diagnosis, and seamless data exchange among medical devices and providers. However, the interconnected and distributed nature of IoMT systems exposes them to significant cybersecurity threats, including data breaches and unauthorized access. This study aims to develop a secure and scalable framework to safeguard IoMT environments using blockchain technology, federated learning, and dynamic consensus algorithms. The proposed approach integrates artificial intelligence to detect threats and employs federated learning to maintain patient privacy while training models collaboratively. Experimental evaluation of the framework shows improved data security, reduced response times, and enhanced system trustworthiness. The results suggest that the integration of blockchain and AI-driven mechanisms offers a robust solution to IoMT cybersecurity challenges, paving the way for more reliable and efficient healthcare systems.

关键词： Internet of medical things (IoMT) Blockchain security Federated learning AI-driven anomaly detection Cyber threat mitigation

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Analysis of Different Methods for Forecasting Transport Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Philippines

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Transportation Research Procedia 2025年 82卷 3768-3789页

作者： Aaron Michael Salang Virgilio Ma. Ramos Arse John Salison John Justine Villar Intelligent Transportation Systems Laboratory National Center for Transportation Studies University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City Philippines Department of Logistics and Information Engineering Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo Japan Scientific Computing Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City Philippines

Emission forecasts can be an important way of creating awareness among the public and decision-makers on solving environmental problems. The main goal of this study is to forecast and compare the transport CO2 emissions of the Philippines using four different forecasting models. We use the models of Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Vector Autoregressive (VAR), and the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The performance of the different forecasting methods was compared using the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root mean squared error (RMSE) values. Several economic variables from 1990 to 2019 and the transport Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions in the Philippines were utilized in this study. The result show that all four methods exhibit goodness of fit and accuracy results according to the statistical measures. In comparison, the multivariate methods (ANN & VAR) performed better than univariate methods (ARIMA & Holt-Winters).

关键词： Transport Emissions Forecasting Time-series modeling ARIMA ANN VAR Holt-Winters

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Adaptive AI-Based Personalized Learning for Accelerated Vocabulary and Syntax Mastery in Young English Learners

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International Journal of Advanced computer science and Applications 2025年第4期16卷 678-687页

作者： Aravind, Angalakuduru Durairaj, M. Chitkara, Preeti Baker El-Ebiary, Yousef A. Muniyandy, Elangovan Ushasree, Linginedi Ammar, Mohamed Ben Kodad Telangana 508206 India Dept.of English Panimalar Engineering College Poonamallee Chennai600123 India Head PR & International Relations Department of Applied Sciences KIET Group of Institutions Delhi-NCR Ghaziabad India Faculty of Informatics and Computing UniSZA University Malaysia Department of Biosciences-Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai602 105 India Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Vaddeswaram Andhra Pradesh Guntur Dist. 522302 India Center for Scientific Research and Entrepreneurship Northern Border University Arar73213 Saudi Arabia

Language acquisition is an integral part of early schooling, but young English language learners struggle to learn vocabulary and syntax since they are not provided with specialized instruction. Conventional teaching may vary according to different learning speeds and it leads to unbalanced levels of proficiency among students and possibly leading to disengagement among slow learners. The present computer-assisted learning aids provide practice interactively but without real-time adaptation and personalized feedback, limiting their capacity to address learners’ unique problems. To overcome these constraints, this study suggests an Artificial Intelligence based personalized learning system that supports vocabulary and syntax learning via adaptive learning models, NLP-based chatbots and gamified interactive lessons. The system dynamically adapts content according to students’ most recent performance in real time to enable a personalized learning experience, which results in efficient Learning. The research has experimental study design, and two groups are considered, an AI-supported learning group and a traditional learning group. Pre-test and post-test design measures the effects of the system on vocabulary recall and syntax correctness. Other learner engagement rates like survey results and qualitative feedback inform learner experience and learning efficacy. Initial results indicate that learners working with the Artificial Intelligence powered learning system gained 25percent in recalling vocabulary and 30percent in syntax accuracy over the control group. Further, learner engagement rates are elevated because of real-time feedback and gamification components. These results emphasize the promise of AI-based personalized learning to boost language acquisition and lay the basis for further effective innovations in adaptive education technologies. © (2025), (science and Information Organization). All rights reserved.

关键词： Students

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Whole genome transcriptomic profiling reveals distinct sex-specific responses to heat stroke

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Journal of Applied Physiology 2025年第4期138卷 964-978页

作者： Bouchama, Abderrezak Gomez, Maria Abdullah, Mashan L. Mahri, Saeed Al Malik, Shuja Shafi Yezli, Saber Mohammad, Sameer Lehe, Cynthia Abuyassin, Bisher Hoehndorf, Robert Experimental Medicine Department King Abdullah International Medical Research Center King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs Riyadh Saudi Arabia Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC) Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia Biostatistics Epidemiology and Scientific Computing Department King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre Riyadh Saudi Arabia Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering (CEMSE) Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia

Heat-related mortality remains health challenges exacerbated by climate change, with sex-based differences in outcomes, yet underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study examined transcriptomic responses to heat exposure in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 19 patients with heat stroke (HS;8 males, mean age 64.8 ± 6.6 yr;11 females, mean age 49.7 ± 11 yr) and 19 controls (11 males, mean age 48.9 ± 9.6 yr;8 females, mean age 44.9 ± 11.8 yr). At admission, gene expression revealed upregulation of heat shock protein genes, and pathway analysis demonstrated activation of heat shock and unfolded protein responses across both sexes consistent with proteotoxic stress. However, distinct metabolic, oxidative stress, cell cycle control, and immune responses were observed within each sex. Females displayed inhibition of protein synthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and metabolic pathways, including glucose metabolism, indicative of a hypometabolic state. Males maintained metabolic activity precooling and enhanced adenosine triphosphate production postcooling. Females activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-mediated oxidative stress responses and inhibited DNA replication and mitosis, potentially mitigating genomic instability, whereas these pathways showed limited regulation in males. Females promoted innate immunity via interleukin (IL)-6, inflammasome, and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1) signaling, whereas males showed suppression of both innate and adaptive immunity, including IL-12, Th1, and T-cell receptor pathways. Upstream analysis identified over 100 transcription factors in both sexes. Males primarily relied on transcriptional mechanisms, whereas females also exhibited translational regulation via La ribonucleoprotein 1 (LARP1), fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1), insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6 (EIF6). These findin

关键词： heat stroke oxidative phosphorylation proteostasis sex-specific responses transcriptomic

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High-performance computing at a crossroads

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science (New York, N.Y.) 2025年第6736期387卷 829-831页

作者： Deelman, Ewa Dongarra, Jack Hendrickson, Bruce Randles, Amanda Reed, Daniel Seidel, Edward Yelick, Katherine Information Sciences Institute University of Southern California Marina del Rey CA United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee Knoxville TN United States Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN United States Department of Mathematics University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom Computing Directorate Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore CA United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University Durham NC United States Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT United States Office of the President University of Wyoming Laramie WY United States Department of Electical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA United States

Long-term plans and comprehensive vision are needed.

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A Landscape-Aware Differential Evolution for Multimodal Optimization Problems

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IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 2025年

作者： Lin, Guo-Yun Chen, Zong-Gan Liu, Chuanbin Jiang, Yuncheng Kwong, Sam Zhang, Jun Zhan, Zhi-Hui South China Normal University School of Computer Science Guangzhou510631 China Ministry of Education Center for Scientific Research and Development in Higher Education Institutes China Lingnan University Department of Computing and Decision Science Hong Kong Nankai University College of Artificial Intelligence Tianjin300350 China ERICA Hanyang University 15588 Korea Republic of

How to simultaneously locate multiple global peaks and achieve certain accuracy on the found peaks are two key challenges in solving multimodal optimization problems (MMOPs). In this article, a landscape-aware differential evolution (LADE) algorithm is proposed for MMOPs, which utilizes landscape knowledge to maintain sufficient diversity and provide efficient search guidance. In detail, the landscape knowledge is efficiently utilized in the following three aspects. First, a landscape-aware peak exploration helps each individual evolve adaptively to locate a peak and simulates the regions of the found peaks according to search history to avoid an individual re-locating an already found peak. Second, a landscape-aware peak distinction distinguishes whether an individual locates a new global peak, a new local peak, or an already found peak. Accuracy refinement can thus only be conducted on the global peaks to enhance the search efficiency. Third, a landscape-aware reinitialization specifies the initial position of an individual adaptively according to the distribution and distinction of the found peaks, which helps explore more peaks. The experiments are conducted on the widely-used benchmark MMOPs and multimodal nonlinear equation system problems. Experimental results show that LADE obtains generally better or competitive performance compared with seven well-performing recent algorithms and four winner algorithms in the IEEE CEC competitions for multimodal optimization. © 1997-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Optimization algorithms

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Uncertainty-Aware Trajectory Prediction via Rule-Regularized Heteroscedastic Deep Classification

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Manas, Kumar Schlauch, Christian Paschke, Adrian Wirth, Christian Klein, Nadja Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Freie Universität Berlin Germany Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH AI Lab Berlin Germany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Scientific Computing Center Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems Berlin Germany

Deep learning-based trajectory prediction models have demonstrated promising capabilities in capturing complex interactions. However, their out-of-distribution generalization remains a significant challenge, particularly due to unbalanced data and a lack of enough data and diversity to ensure robustness and calibration. To address this, we propose SHIFT (Spectral Heteroscedastic Informed Forecasting for Trajectories), a novel framework that uniquely combines well-calibrated uncertainty modeling with informative priors derived through automated rule extraction. SHIFT reformulates trajectory prediction as a classification task and employs heteroscedastic spectral-normalized Gaussian processes to effectively disentangle epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties. We learn informative priors from training labels, which are automatically generated from natural language driving rules, such as stop rules and drivability constraints, using a retrieval-augmented generation framework powered by a large language model. Extensive evaluations over the nuScenes dataset, including challenging low-data and cross-location scenarios, demonstrate that SHIFT outperforms state-of-the-art methods, achieving substantial gains in uncertainty calibration and displacement metrics. In particular, our model excels in complex scenarios, such as intersections, where uncertainty is inherently higher. Project page: https://***/SHIFT/. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Deep learning

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Improved chaotic fruit fly optimization with elman neural network based data-driven approach on product reviews classification

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Alexandria Engineering Journal 2025年 127.0卷 628-641页

作者： Alghamdi, Mohammed Al-shathry, Najla I. Said, Yahia Beyari, Hasan Sorour, Shaymaa Sattar, Khalid Nazim Abdul Alallah, Fouad Shoie Alshareef, Abdulrhman Department of Information Systems College of Computer Science King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia Department of Language Preparation Arabic Language Teaching Institute Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia Center for Scientific Research and Entrepreneurship Northern Border University Arar 73213 Saudi Arabia Department of Administrative and Financial Sciences Applied College Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia Department of Management Information Systems College of Business Administration King Faisal University Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Information College of Science Majmaah University Majmaah 11952 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia

In the digital era, business platforms have considerably evolved towards online stores on the internet. Through the internet-based platform, customers can easily buy products through their smartphones and receive delivery at the place without going to the shopping mall. On the other hand, the disadvantage of these platforms is that customers need to learn about the product quality. Thus, these platform services frequently offer customer feedback to give feedback about the shipped items. Feedback is a valuable source for analyzing customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is effectively enhanced by performing a Sentiment Analysis (SA) of many customer ratings on E-commerce platforms. Yet, predicting the correct sentiment difference in customer feedback is challenging due to complicated logic, sequence length, and text pattern adjustments. This article focuses on designing and developing Enhanced NLP with Data-driven Product Reviews Classification using the improved chaotic fruit fly optimization (ENLPPR-ICFFO) method. The major goal of the ENLPPR-ICFFO method is to detect and classify the sentiments existing in product ratings. To accomplish this, the presented ENLPPR-ICFFO method employs data pre-processing to be consistent. Then, the Continuous Bag-of-Words (CBoW) method is utilized for the feature extraction. The extreme learning machine (ELM) method is used for the product review classification. The ENLPPR-ICFFO methodology includes an ICFFO-based hyperparameter selection technique for improving the overall product review classification technique. The empirical findings of the projected ENLPPR-ICFFO methodology are tested using a set of datasets. The performance validation of the ENLPPR-ICFFO technique portrayed superior accuracy values of 98.04 % and 96.57 % over existing methods under Amazon-Fine-Food-Reviews and Amazon-Products datasets. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Cbow Extreme Learning Machine Improved Chaotic Fruit Fly Optimization Product Reviews Sentiment Analysis

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Joint Design of Radar Receive Filter and Unimodular ISAC Waveform with Sidelobe Level Control

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhang, Kecheng Liu, Ya-Feng Wang, Zhongbin Yuan, Weijie Keskin, Musa Furkan Wymeersch, Henk Xia, Shuqiang School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Robotics and Computer Vision Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Department of Electrical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg41296 Sweden ZTE Corporation The State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology Shenzhen518055 China

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has been considered a key feature of next-generation wireless networks. This paper investigates the joint design of the radar receive filter and dual-functional transmit waveform for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) ISAC system. While optimizing the mean square error (MSE) of the radar receive spatial response and maximizing the achievable rate at the communication receiver, besides the constraints of full-power radar receiving filter and unimodular transmit sequence, we control the maximum range sidelobe level, which is often overlooked in existing ISAC waveform design literature, for better radar imaging performance. To solve the formulated optimization problem with convex and nonconvex constraints, we propose an inexact augmented Lagrangian method (ALM) algorithm. For each subproblem in the proposed inexact ALM algorithm, we custom-design a block successive upper-bound minimization (BSUM) scheme with closed-form solutions for all blocks of variable to enhance the computational efficiency. Convergence analysis shows that the proposed algorithm is guaranteed to provide a stationary and feasible solution. Extensive simulations are performed to investigate the impact of different system parameters on communication and radar imaging performance. Comparison with the existing works shows the superiority of the proposed algorithm. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Mean square error

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The RQR algorithm

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Linear Algebra and Its Applications 2025年

作者： Camps, Daan Mach, Thomas Vandebril, Raf Watkins, David S. National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory United States University of Potsdam Institute of Mathematics Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 Potsdam14476 Germany Department of Computer Science KU Leuven Belgium Department of Mathematics Washington State University United States

Pole-swapping algorithms, generalizations of bulge-chasing algorithms, have been shown to be a viable alternative to the bulge-chasing QZ algorithm for solving the generalized eigenvalue problem for a matrix pencil A−λB. It is natural to try to devise a pole-swapping algorithm that solves the standard eigenvalue problem for a single matrix A. This paper introduces such an algorithm and shows that it is competitive with Francis's bulge-chasing QR algorithm. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions

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