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Statistical Device Simulation and Machine Learning of Process Variation Effects of Vertically Stacked Gate-All-Around Si Nanosheet CFETs

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IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology 2024年 23卷 386-392页

作者： Kola, Sekhar Reddy Li, Yiming Butola, Rajat National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program Hsinchu300093 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Institute of Communications Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Institute of Biomedical Engineering Institute of Pioneer Semiconductor Innovation Institute of Artificial Intelligence Innovation Hsinchu300093 Taiwan

In this study, we report the process variation effect (PVE) including the work function fluctuation (WKF) on the DC/AC characteristic fluctuation of stacked gate-all-around silicon complementary field-effect transistors (CFETs). The PVE affects characteristic fluctuation significantly;in particular, for the variability of off-state current. Owing to the bottom channel of a fin-type, the P-FET suffers from the worst off-state current fluctuation (more than 200% variation) compared to the N-FET. The device variability induced by the WKF is marginal because of amorphous-type metal grains. As input features to an artificial neural network (ANN) model, low and high work function values, as well as parameters of PVE that have prevalent effects on CEFT transfer characteristics are further considered and modeled. The estimated values of R2-score prove that the ANN model properly grasps information from the dataset successfully;thus, it can be used to model emerging CFETs for circuit simulation. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Neural networks

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Boundary modifications of the dissipation operators for the three-dimensional Euler equations

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Journal of scientific computing 1989年第2期4卷 159-195页

作者： Olsson, Pelle Johnson, S.Lennart Department of Scientific Computing Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden Department of Computer Science Yale University New Haven 06520 Connecticut United States Thinking Machines Corporation Cambridge 02142 Massachusetts 245 First Street United States Department of Computer Science Yale University New Haven 06520 Connecticut United States

Explicit methods for the solution of fluid flow problems are of considerable interest in supercomputing. These methods parallelize well. The treatment of the boundaries is of particular interest with respect to both the numeric behavior of the solution and the computational efficiency. We have solved the three-dimensional Euler equations for a twisted channel using second-order, centered difference operators, and a three-stage Runge-Kutta method for the integration. Three different fourth-order dissipation operators were studied for numeric stabilization: one positive definite, one positive semidefinite, and one indefinite. The operators only differ in the treatment of the boundary. For computational efficiency all dissipation operators were designed with a constant bandwidth in matrix representation, with the bandwidth determined by the operator in the interior. The positive definite dissipation operator results in a significant growth in entropy close to the channel walls. The other operators maintain constant entropy. Several different implementations of the semidefinite operator obtained through factoring of the operator were also studied. We show the difference both in convergence rate and robustness for the different dissipation operators, and the factorizations of the operator due to Eriksson. For the simulations in this study one of the factorizations of the semidefinite operator required 70%-90% of the number of iterations required by the positive definite operator. The indefinite operator was sensitive to perturbations in the inflow boundary conditions. The simulations were performed on a 8,192 processor Connection Machine system CM-2. Full processor utilization was achieved, and a performance of 135 Mflops/sec in single precision was obtained. A performance of 1.1 Gflops/sec for a fully configured system with 65,536 processors was demonstrated. © 1989 Plenum Publishing Corporation.

关键词： channel flow dissipation operators Euler equations explicit methods Parallel computing

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Analysis and Improvement of convergence speed in kernel adaptive filters with nonlinear even cost function and pre-tuned dictionary

Analysis and Improvement of convergence speed in kernel adap...

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2018 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IJCNN 2018

作者： Da Silva, Éden P. Carlos Estombelo-Montesco, A. Santana, Ewaldo Leonardo Matos, N. National Laboratory for Scientific Computing Petrópolis Brazil Computer Science Department UFS São Cristóvão Brazil Mathematics Department UEMA São Luís Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781509060146

Kernel algorithms have been proposed to solve nonlinear adaptive filtering problems, as for many machine learning nonlinear issues. However, there is a high cost associated with the calculation of the filter output coming from the kernel approach. This paper revisits the KSIG, which improves the convergence speed in kernel adaptive filtering with an even cost function (Sigmoid Algorithm) and also proposes a new version of the KSIG, with a pre-tuned dictionary (KSIG-PTD), to deal with the high cost in kernel algorithms of the computation of the output. A convergence analysis of the KSIG and the KSIG-PTD is presented, from which there appears a relation between the learning rate and the algorithm's convergence. Experiments have been conducted, where the KSIG as well as its pre-tuned dictionary version are compared with KLMS both without and with a pre-tuned dictionary. It is shown that there is an increase in the convergence speed in nonlinear adaptive filtering using the kernel approach and a nonlinear even cost function. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Adaptive filters

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Amazigh speech recognition based on the Kaldi ASR toolkit

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International Journal of Information Technology (Singapore) 2023年第7期15卷 3533-3540页

作者： Barkani, Fatima Hamidi, Mohamed Laaidi, Naouar Zealouk, Ouissam Satori, Hassan Satori, Khalid Laboratory of Computer Science Signals Automation and Cognitivism Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mahraz University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah Fez Morocco Team of modeling and scientific computing Pluridisciplinary Faculty of Nador Mohammed First University Oujda Morocco

In this work, we offer a new approach to integrating the Amazigh language, which is a less-resourced language, into an isolated speech recognition system by exploiting the Kaldi open-source platform. Our designed system is able to recognize the ten first Amazigh digits and ten daily must-used Amazigh isolated words, which present typical syllabic structure and which are considered a good representative sample of the Amazigh language. The designed speech system was implemented using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) with different number of Gaussian distributions. In addition, we evaluated our created system performance by varying the feature extraction methods in order to determine the optimal method for maximum performance. The best-obtained result is 93.96% was obtained with Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) technique. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of computer Applications and Management.

关键词： Amazigh language CMU Sphinx4 FBANK GMM HMM Kaldi MFCC PLP Speech recognition

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The specification of source-to-source transformations for the compile-time optimization of parallel object-oriented scientific applications

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14th International Workshop on Languages and Compilers for Parallel computing, LCPC 2001

作者： Quinlan, Daniel J. Schordan, Markus Philip, Bobby Kowarschik, Markus Center for Applied Scientific Computing Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA United States System Simulation Group Department of Computer Science University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)3540040293

The performance of object-oriented applications in scientific computing often suffers from the inefficient use of high-level abstractions provided by underlying libraries. Since these library abstractions are user-defined and not part of the programming language itself there is no compiler mechanism to respect their semantics and thus to perform appropriate optimizations. In this paper we outline the design of ROSE and focus on the discussion of two approaches for specifying and processing complex source code transformations. These techniques are intended to be as easy and intuitive as possible for potential ROSE users;i.e., for designers of object-oriented scientific libraries, people most often with no compiler expertise. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003.

关键词： Libraries

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Impacts of prior parameter distributions on Bayesian evaluation of groundwater model complexity

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Water science and Engineering 2018年第2期11卷 89-100页

作者： Saeideh Samani Ming Ye Fan Zhang Yong-zhen Pei Guo-ping Tang Ahmed Elshall Asghar A.Moghaddam Department of Earth Sciences University of Tabriz Department of Scientific Computing Florida State University School of Computer Science and Software Engineering Tianjin Polytechnic University Department of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Science Florida State University Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory

This study used the marginal likelihood and Bayesian posterior model probability for evaluation of model complexity in order to avoid using over-complex models for numerical simulations. It focused on investigation of the impacts of prior parameter distributions(involved in calculating the marginal likelihood) on the evaluation of model complexity. We argue that prior parameter distributions should define the parameter space in which numerical simulations are made. New perspectives on the prior parameter distribution and posterior model probability were demonstrated in an example of groundwater solute transport modeling with four models, each simulating four column experiments. The models had different levels of complexity in terms of their model structures and numbers of calibrated parameters. The posterior model probability was evaluated for four cases with different prior parameter distributions. While the distributions substantially impacted model ranking, the model ranking in each case was reasonable for the specific circumstances in which numerical simulations were made. For evaluation of model complexity, it is thus necessary to determine the parameter spaces for modeling, which can be done by conducting numerical simulation and usineg engineering judgment based on understanding of the system being studied.

关键词： Marginal likelihood Posterior model probability Advection-dispersion equation Mobile-immobile model Groundwater model

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Two integrable differential-difference equations exhibiting soliton solutions of the Kaup-Kupershmidt equation type

Two integrable differential-difference equations exhibiting ...

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作者： Tam, Hon-Wah Hu, Xing-Biao Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong P.O. Box 8730 Beijing 100080 China State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific Engineering Computing Academy of Mathematics and Systems Sciences P.O. Box 2719 Beijing 100080 China

Two new integrable differential-difference equations are proposed. By using Hirota's method, 3-soliton solutions of the Kaup-Kupershmidt equation type are obtained with the assistance of Mathematica. Besides, Lax ... 详细信息

关键词： Difference equations

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Exploring provenance in high performance scientific computing

Exploring provenance in high performance scientific computin...

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1st Annual 2011 Workshop on High-Performance computing Meets Databases, HPCDB'11, Co-located with Supercomputing, SC'11

作者： Gadelha Jr., Luiz M.R. Wilde, Michael Mattoso, Marta Foster, Ian Computer and Systems Engineering Program Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil National Laboratory for Scientific Computing Brazil Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory United States Computation Institute Argonne National Laboratory University of Chicago United States Department of Computer Science University of Chicago United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450311571

Large-scale scientific computations are often organized as a composition of many computational tasks linked through data flow. After the completion of a computational scientific experiment, a scientist has to analyze its outcome, for instance, by checking inputs and outputs of computational tasks that are part of the experiment. This analysis can be automated using provenance management systems that describe, for instance, the production and consumption relationships between data artifacts, such as files, and the computational tasks that compose the scientific application. In this article, we explore the relationship between high performance computing and provenance management systems, observing that storing provenance as structured data enriched with information about the runtime behavior of computational tasks in high performance computing environments can enable interesting and useful queries to correlate computational resource usage, scientific parameters, and data set derivation. We briefly describe how provenance of many-task scientific computations specified and coordinated by the Swift parallel scripting system is gathered and queried. © 2011 ACM.

关键词： Information management

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Looking into the Black Box: Monitoring computer Architecture Simulations in Real-Time with AkitaRTM 57

Looking into the Black Box: Monitoring Computer Architecture...

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57th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture, MICRO 2024

作者： Mosallaei, Ali Isaacs, Katherine E. Sun, Yifan University of Michigan Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept. Ann Arbor United States Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City United States William & Mary Dept. of Computer Science Williamsburg United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350350579

computer architecture simulators are essential for validating novel chip designs. However, they often provide little transparency during execution. This opaqueness limits the ability of users to identify issues during the simulation, leading to both wasted computational and human time. We address these issues by providing an intuitive user experience during simulation execution. Particularly, we reveal the status of executions and allow users to control the execution of a computer architecture simulator through AkitaRTM, an interactive web-based tool for real-time monitoring of computer architecture simulations. We based its design on the design workflow inefficiencies experienced by computer architects when using simulations. We demonstrate AkitaRTM's utility through two case studies, the second leading to a patch in the simulator. Additionally, we conducted a user study with computer architects, aiming to validate AkitaRTM. We found that, in addition to solving the observed problems, AkitaRTM also provided an educational benefit by making simulators more transparent to users. Based on these findings, we reflect upon the design of AkitaRTM and provide guidance for future human-centered tools in this space. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： computer monitors

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Provenance traces of the swift parallel scripting system 13

Provenance traces of the swift parallel scripting system

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Joint EDBT/ICDT 2013 Workshops

作者： Gadelha Jr., Luiz M. R. Wilde, Michael Mattoso, Marta Foster, Ian National Laboratory for Scientific Computing Brazil Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory United States Computation Institute Argonne National Laboratory University of Chicago United States Computer and Systems Engineering Program Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Computer Science University of Chicago United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450315999

In this abstract, we describe provenance traces generated from executions of scientific workflows managed by the Swift parallel scripting system. They follow a provenance data model, used by MTCProv, the provenance management component of Swift. It is similar to PROV, representing most of its core concepts and including additional information about the scientific domain, computational resource consumption, and prospective provenance. We describe provenance queries that follow patterns commonly found in high performance computing and that are straightforward to support with MTCProv's built-in procedures. These queries often involve costly relational join operations and recursion, providing a relevant case for benchmarking. © 2013 Authors.

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