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Vaccine efficacy and SARS-CoV-2 control in California and *** the session 2020e2026:A modeling study

Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第1期7卷 62-81页

作者： Md Shahriar Mahmud Md Kamrujjaman Md Mashih Ibn Yasin Adan Md Alamgir Hossain Md Mizanur Rahman Md Shahidul Islam Muhammad Mohebujjaman Md Mamun Molla Department of Computer Science and Engineering State University of BangladeshDhaka1205Bangladesh Department of Mathematics University of DhakaDhaka1000Bangladesh Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada Computational Biology Research Lab(CBRL) Department of PharmacyJagannath UniversityDhaka1100Bangladesh Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study Hitotsubashi UniversityNaka KunitachiTokyo186-8601Japan Department of Mathematics and Physics Texas A&M International UniversityLaredoTX78041USA Department of Mathematics&Physics North South UniversityDhaka1229Bangladesh Center for Applied Scientific Computing(CASC) North South UniversityDhaka1229Bangladesh

Background:Besides maintaining health precautions,vaccination has been the only prevention from SARS-CoV-2,though no clinically proved 100%effective vaccine has been developed till *** this stage,to withhold the debris of this pandemic-experts need to know the impact of the vaccine efficacy rates,the threshold level of vaccine effectiveness and how long this pandemic may extent with vaccines that have different efficacy *** this article,a mathematical model study has been done on the importance of vaccination and vaccine efficiency rate during an ongoing ***:We simulated a five compartment mathematical model to analyze the pandemic scenario in both California,and whole *** considered four vaccines,Pfizer(95%),Moderna(94%),AstraZeneca(79%),and Johnson&Johnson(72%),which are being used rigorously to control the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic,in addition with two special cases:a vaccine with 100%efficacy rate and no vaccine under ***-CoV-2 related data of California,and *** used in this ***:Both the infection and death rates are very high in *** model suggests that the pandemic situation in California will be under control in the last quartile of the year 2023 if vaccination program is continued with the Pfizer *** this time,six waves may happen from the beginning of the immunization where the case fatality and recovery rates will be 1.697%and 98.30%,***,according to the considered model,this period might be extended to the mid of 2024 when vaccines with lower efficacy rates are *** the other hand,the daily cases and deaths in the *** be under control at the end of 2026 with multiple *** the number of susceptible people will fall down to none in the beginning of 2027,there is less chance to stop the vaccination program if vaccinated with a vaccine other than a 100%effective vaccine or Pfizer,and at that case vaccination program must run till the mid of *** to this s

关键词： Vaccine Model California Control measurement SARS-CoV-2

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Optimized memoryless fair-share HPC resources scheduling using transparent checkpoint-restart preemption

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Zvi, Kfir Oren, Gal Department of Computer Science Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Be’er-Sheva Israel & Israel Atomic Energy Commission Israel Department of Computer Science Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel & the Scientific Computing Center Nuclear Research Center-Negev P.O.B. 9001 Be’erSheva Israel

Common resource management methods in supercomputing systems usually include hard divisions, capping, and quota allotment. Those methods, despite their ‘advantages’, have some known serious disadvantages including unoptimized utilization of an expensive facility, and occasionally there is still a need to dynamically reschedule and reallocate the resources. Consequently, those methods involve bad supply-and-demand management rather than a free market playground that will eventually increase system utilization and productivity. In this work, we propose the newly Optimized Memoryless Fair-Share HPC Resources Scheduling using Transparent Checkpoint-Restart Preemption, in which the social welfare increases using a free-of-cost interchangeable proprietary possession scheme. Accordingly, we permanently keep the status-quo in regard to the fairness of the resources distribution while maximizing the ability of all users to achieve more CPUs and CPU hours for longer period without any non-straightforward costs, penalties or additional human intervention. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Program processors

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High-Resolution Optical Imaging Incorporated Non-Destructive Morphological Boundary Detection of Fruit Disorders: A Pilot Study 6

High-Resolution Optical Imaging Incorporated Non-Destructive...

引用

6th International Conference on Advancements in computing, ICAC 2024

作者： Hakmana, Nethmi Tharushi Kahatapitiya, Nipun Shantha Weerasinghe, Sasmitha Kalupahana, Deshan Silva, Bhagya Nathali Ravichandran, Naresh Kumar Seong, Daewoon Han, Sangyeob Lee, Seung Yeol June, Hee-Young Jeon, Mansik Kim, Jeehyun Wijenayake, Udaya Wijesinghe, Ruchire Eranga Faculty of Engineering Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Malabe Sri Lanka Faculty of Engineering University of Sri Jayewardenepura Department of Computer Engineering Nugegoda Sri Lanka Faculty of Computing Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Department of Information Technology Malabe Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Malabe Sri Lanka Center for Scientific Instrumentation Korea Basic Science Institute Daejeon Korea Republic of School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering College of IT Engineering Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea Republic of ICT Convergence Research Center Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea Republic of Kyungpook National University Department of Plant Medicine Daegu Korea Republic of Institute of Plant Medicine Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea Republic of Faculty of Engineering Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Malabe Sri Lanka

ISBN: (纸本)9798331517878

Plant diseases caused by various pathogens, such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses, lead to significant reductions in crop yield and quality. Early detection of these diseases is critical for preventing their spread and optimizing crop yield. Traditional methods of disease detection, while effective, often involve invasive or time-consuming procedures that may not provide real-time insights. This study investigates the use of Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography (SS-OCT) for non-destructive, high-resolution imaging to identify morphological abnormalities in fruit specimens affected by diseases. The research focuses on differentiating healthy regions, healthy boundaries, infected boundaries, and fully infected regions in apples. Using a 1310 nm center wavelength laser, the SS-OCT system captured detailed cross-sectional images of fruit tissue, revealing microstructural changes associated with disease progression. A qualitative assessment of the two-dimensional (2D) OCT images highlighted distinct layers in healthy tissues, noticeable structural deformities, and the merging of microstructural layers in the boundary and infected regions. Quantitative depth-profile analysis of axial-direction A-scan profiles further demonstrated the reduction and merging of intensity peaks correlating with tissue abnormalities in infected fruit specimens. These findings underscore the potential of SS-OCT as an effective tool for early disease detection in agricultural products, providing a means for timely intervention and optimized postharvest management. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Fruits

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EFFICIENT AND RELIABLE OVERLAY NETWORKS FOR DECENTRALIZED FEDERATED LEARNING

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Hua, Yifan Miller, Kevin Bertozzi, Andrea L. Qian, Chen Wang, Bao Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of California Santa Cruz United States Department of Mathematics University of California Los Angeles United States Department of Mathematics Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute University of Utah United States

We propose near-optimal overlay networks based on d-regular expander graphs to accelerate decentralized federated learning (DFL) and improve its generalization. In DFL a massive number of clients are connected by an overlay network, and they solve machine learning problems collaboratively without sharing raw data. Our overlay network design integrates spectral graph theory and the theoretical convergence and generalization bounds for DFL. As such, our proposed overlay networks accelerate convergence, improve generalization, and enhance robustness to clients failures in DFL with theoretical guarantees. Also, we present an efficient algorithm to convert a given graph to a practical overlay network and maintaining the network topology after potential client failures. We numerically verify the advantages of DFL with our proposed networks on various benchmark tasks, ranging from image classification to language modeling using hundreds of *** Codes 65B99, 68T01, 68T09, 68W15 © 2021, CC0.

关键词： Graph theory

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An End-to-End computer Vision Methodology for Quantitative Metallography

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Rusanovsky, Matan Beeri, Ofer Oren, Gal Scientific Computing Center Nuclear Research Center - Negev Be'er-Sheva Israel Department of Materials Nuclear Research Center - Negev Be'er-Sheva Israel Department of Computer Science Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel

Metallography is crucial for a proper assessment of material properties. It mainly involves investigating the spatial distribution of grains and the occurrence and characteristics of inclusions or precipitates. This work presents a holistic few-shot artificial intelligence model for Quantitative Metallography, including Anomaly Detection, that automatically quantifies the degree of the anomaly of impurities in alloys. We suggest the following examination process: (1) Deep semantic segmentation is performed on the inclusions (based on a suitable metallographic dataset of alloys and corresponding tags of inclusions), producing inclusions masks that are saved into a separated dataset. (2) Deep image inpainting is performed to fill the removed inclusions parts, resulting in'clean' metallographic images, which contain the background of grains. (3) Grains' boundaries are marked using deep semantic segmentation (based on another metallographic dataset of alloys), producing boundaries that are ready for further inspection on the distribution of grains' size. (4) Deep anomaly detection and pattern recognition is performed on the inclusions masks to determine spatial, shape, and area anomaly detection of the inclusions. Finally, the end-to-end model recommends an expert on areas of interest for further examination. The physical result can re-tune the model according to the specific material at hand. Although the techniques presented here were developed for metallography analysis, most of them can be generalized to a broader set of microscopy problems that require automation. All source-codes as well as the datasets that were created for this work, are publicly available at https://***/scientific-computing-Lab-NRCN/MLography. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Anomaly detection

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A Research Software Engineering Workflow for Computational science and Engineering

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Marić, Tomislav Gläser, Dennis Lehr, Jan-Patrick Papagiannidis, Ioannis Lambie, Benjamin Bischof, Christian Bothe, Dieter Mathematical modeling and analysis Mathematics department TU Darmstadt Darmstadt64287 Germany Institute for Modelling Hydraulic and Environmental Systems Department of Hydromechanics and Modelling of Hydrosystems University of Stuttgart Stuttgart70569 Germany Institute for Scientific Computing Department of Computer Science TU Darmstadt Darmstadt64289 Germany Institute for Technical Thermodynamics TU Darmstadt Darmstadt64287 Germany

University research groups in Computational science and Engineering (CSE) generally lack dedicated funding and personnel for Research Software Engineering (RSE), which, combined with the pressure to maximize the number of scientific publications, shifts the focus away from sustainable research software development and reproducible results. The neglect of RSE in CSE at University research groups negatively impacts the scientific output: research data - including research software - related to a CSE publication cannot be found, reproduced, or re-used, different ideas are not combined easily into new ideas, and published methods must very often be re-implemented to be investigated further. This slows down CSE research significantly, resulting in considerable losses in time and, consequentially, public funding. We propose a RSE workflow for Computational science and Engineering (CSE) that addresses these challenges, that improves the quality of research output in CSE. Our workflow applies established software engineering practices adapted for CSE: software testing, result visualization, and periodical cross-linking of software with reports/publications and data, timed by milestones in the scientific publication process. The workflow introduces minimal work overhead, crucial for university research groups, and delivers modular and tested software linked to publications whose results can easily be reproduced. We define research software quality from a perspective of a pragmatic researcher: the ability to quickly find the publication, data, and software related to a published research idea, quickly reproduce results, understand or re-use a CSE method, and finally extend the method with new research ideas. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Software testing

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Towards a Quantum Algorithm for the Incompressible Nonlinear Navier-Stokes Equations

Towards a Quantum Algorithm for the Incompressible Nonlinear...

引用

Quantum computing and Engineering (QCE), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Muralikrishnan Gopalakrishnan Meena Yu Zhang Weiwen Jiang Youzuo Lin Stefanie Günther Xinfeng Gao National Center for Computational Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN USA Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering George Mason University Fairfax VA USA School of Data Science and Society University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA Center for Applied Scientific Computing Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore CA USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA

ISBN: (数字)9798331541378

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541385

In this work, we present novel concepts for quantum algorithms to solve transient, nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). The challenge lies in how to effectively represent, encode, process, and evolve the nonlinear system of PDEs on quantum computers. We will discuss the new techniques using the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations as an example, because it represents the fundamental nonlinear feature and yet removes certain complexity in physics, allowing us to focus on the design of quantum algorithms. Previous attempts solving nonlinear PDEs in quantum computation have often involved storing multiple copies of solutions or employing linearizations. Neither is practical due to exponential scaling with evolution time or insufficient solution accuracy. We propose a new framework based on matrix product states (MPSs) and matrix product operators (MPOs), in addition to the Krylov subspace methods. For example, the solution variables of the Navier-Stokes equations are represented by MPSs, and the linear and nonlinear terms are processed by MPOs. The time evolution of the operators is attained by a fast-forwarding algorithm using Krylov subspace methods. Furthermore, we discuss various techniques for efficient encoding of MPSs, measurement reduction for MPOs, and use of tensor operations to treat multi-variate, multi-physics characteristics of Navier-Stokes.

关键词： computers Quantum algorithm Tensors Fluids Partial differential equations Encoding Transient analysis Nonlinear systems Physics Navier-Stokes equations

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DieT Transformer model with PCA-ADE integration for advanced multi-class brain tumor classification

引用

Intelligence-Based Medicine 2025年 11卷 100192-100192页

作者： Amin, Mohammad Nahar, Khalid M.O. Gharaibeh, Hasan Nasayreh, Ahmad Alsalmanc, Neda'a Alomar, Alaa Malkawi, Majd Alqasem, Noor Smerat, Aseel Zitar, Raed Abu Nusier, Shawd Ezugwu, Absalom E. Abualigah, Laith Department of Information Technology and Computer Sciences Yarmouk University Irbid 211633 Jordan Faculty of Computer Studies Arab Open University P.O.Box 84901 Riyadh 11681 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information Technology Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid 22110 Jordan Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid 22110 Jordan Department of Biomedical Systems and Informatics Engineering Hijjawi Faculty for Engineering Technology Yarmouk University Irbid 21163 Jordan Centre for Research Impact & Outcome Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab Rajpura 140401 India Department of Biosciences Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai 602105 India Artificial Intelligence and Sensing Technologies (AIST) Research Center University of Tabuk Tabuk 71491 Saudi Arabia Faculty of Engineering and Computing Liwa College Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Department of Health and Clinical Outcomes Research Saint Louis University St. Louis MO United States Unit for Data Science and Computing North-West University 11 Hofman Street Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa Computer Science Department Al al-Bayt University Mafraq 25113 Jordan Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research Al-Ahliyya Amman University Amman 19328 Jordan

Early and accurate diagnosis of brain tumors is crucial to improving patient outcomes and optimizing treatment strategies. Long-term brain injury results from aberrant proliferation of either malignant or nonmalignant tissues in the brain. MRIs, or magnetic resonance imaging, are one of the most used approaches for detecting brain tumors. Professionals physically evaluate people after they have had MRI filtering, the process of enhancing MRI scans for radiologist interpretation, to establish if they have a brain tumor. Because different specialists use different frames to make judgments on the same MRI image, their analyses may yield contradictory results. Furthermore, simply detecting a tumor is insufficient. Inconsistent diagnoses can lead to delays in treatment, impacting survival rates and quality of care. It is also crucial to diagnose the patient's tumor so that treatment can begin as soon as possible. In this research, we investigate the multi-class classification of brain tumors utilizing a cutting-edge methodology that includes feature extraction from pictures using the DieT Transformer model, dimensionality reduction with PCA, and feature selection using the ADE algorithm. The proposed model, known in the publication as ADE_DieT, obtained an accuracy of 96.09 %. In addition, this article analyzes the performance of various pre-trained models, including MobileNetV3, NasNet, ResNet50, VGG16, VGG19, and DeiT. The proposed approach shortens the time required for manual diagnosis by clinicians by assisting in the rapid and accurate identification of brain tumors using MRI data. In oncology, this is important since it allows for early treatment. Integrating ADE_DieT into clinical workflows can support radiologists by reducing diagnosis time and enhancing diagnostic consistency. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Brain tumor Medical image analysis MRI Vision Transformer

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A Greedy Sensor Selection Algorithm for Hyperparameterized Linear Bayesian Inverse Problems

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Aretz, Nicole Chen, Peng Degen, Denise D. Veroy, Karen Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences University of Texas at Austin 201 E 24th St AustinTX78712 United States School of Computational Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 756 W Peachtree St NW AtlantaGA30308 United States Computational Geoscience Geothermics and Reservoir Geophysics RWTH Aachen University Mathieustr. 30 Aachen52074 Germany Center for Analysis Scientific Computing and Applications Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven5612 AZ Netherlands

We consider optimal sensor placement for a family of linear Bayesian inverse problems characterized by a deterministic hyper-parameter. The hyper-parameter describes distinct configurations in which measurements can be taken of the observed physical system. To optimally reduce the uncertainty in the system’s model with a single set of sensors, the initial sensor placement needs to account for the non-linear state changes of all admissible configurations. We address this requirement through an observability coefficient which links the posteriors’ uncertainties directly to the choice of sensors. We propose a greedy sensor selection algorithm to iteratively improve the observability coefficient for all configurations through orthogonal matching pursuit. The algorithm allows explicitly correlated noise models even for large sets of candidate sensors, and remains computationally efficient for high-dimensional forward models through model order reduction. We demonstrate our approach on a large-scale geophysical model of the Perth Basin, and provide numerical studies regarding optimality and scalability with regard to classic optimal experimental design utility functions. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Inverse problems

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Efficient Learning of Continuous-Variable Quantum States

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Wu, Ya-Dong Zhu, Yan Chiribella, Giulio Liu, Nana John Hopcroft Center for Computer Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China QICI Quantum Information and Computation Initiative Department of Computer Science The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Department of Computer Science Parks Road OxfordOX1 3QD United Kingdom Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics WaterlooONN2L 2Y5 Canada Institute of Natural Sciences Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory in Scientific and Engineering Computing Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China School of Mathematical Sciences Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute Shanghai200240 China

The characterization of continuous-variable quantum states is crucial for applications in quantum communication, sensing, simulation and computing. However, a full characterization of multimode quantum states requires a number of experiments that grows exponentially with the number of modes. Here we propose an alternative approach where the goal is not to reconstruct the full quantum state, but rather to estimate its characteristic function at a given set of points. For multimode states with reflection symmetry, we show that the characteristic function at M points can be estimated using only O(log M) copies of the state, independently of the number of modes. When the characteristic function is known to be positive, as in the case of squeezed vacuum states, the estimation is achieved by an experimentally friendly setup using only beamsplitters and homodyne measurements. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Quantum communication

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