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Application of OR Method to Production Planning

IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1991年第12期24卷 29-31页

作者： K. Murata Control & Systems Engineering Section Technology Engineering Department Tonen Wakayama Refinery Arida City Wakayama Prefecture 649-03 Japan

Our production planning is consisted of long range, middle range, short range production planning and daily scheduling. Generally, it is suitable to apply linear programming method to the operation planning of petroleum refinery, as it is not so difficult to construct linear refining models. Thus, linear programming method is widely applied in production planning. For short range production planning and daily scheduling, case study function such as balance calculation with friendly man-machine interface is more suitable than optimization function like OR method. And, there is batch production procedure in a part of petroleum refinery. As it is hard to apply linear programming in the area, expert system combined with balance calculator is used.

关键词： Oil refining, production control operation research optimization linear programming expert system

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Function point analysis: evaluation of a software cost estimation model

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European Journal of Information systems 1991年第4期1卷 229-237页

作者： Heemstra, F. J. Kusters, R. J. Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Science University of Technology Section Management Information Systems and Automation Research Group Estimation and Control of Software Development Eindhoven The Netherlands

The merits of function point analysis are discussed. Function point analysis was chosen because it is one of the most widely used aids for software cost estimation. In the analysis we use data from a large survey of Dutch organizations, from an experiment on the effectiveness of software cost estimation models and from a field study aimed at the adjustment part of the FPA model. Conclusions show that it is indeed widely used and that it performs reasonably well as a product sizer, but that the adjustment part of the model is less useful.

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Using C to build a satellite scheduling expert system: Examples from the explorer platform planning system

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Telematics and Informatics 1991年第4期8卷 297-312页

作者： McLean, David R. Tuchman, Alan Interactive Experimenters Planning Systems Group BENDIX Field Engineering Corporation Software Services Section Seabrook Maryland 20706 10210 Greenbelt Road United States Spacecraft Control Programs Branch National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland 20771 Code 514 Glendale Road United States

Recently, many expert systems have been developed in a LISP environment and then ported to the real world C environment before the final system is delivered. This situation may require that the entire system be completely rewritten in C and may actually result in a system that is put together as quickly as possible with little regard for maintainability and further evolution. With the introduction of high-performance UNIX and X-windows-based workstations, a great deal of the advantages of developing a first system in the LISP environment have become questionable. This paper describes a C-based artificial intelligence (AI) development effort based on a software tools approach with emphasis on reusability and maintainability of code. The discussion starts with simple examples of how list processing can easily be implemented in C and then proceeds to the implementations of frames and objects that use dynamic memory allocation. The implementation of procedures that use depth first search, constraint propagation, context switching, and a blackboard-like simulation environment are described. Techniques for managing the complexity of C-based AI software are noted, especially the object-oriented techniques of data encapsulation and incremental development. Finally, all these concepts are put together by describing the components of planning software called the Planning And Resource Reasoning (PARR) shell. This shell has been successfully utilized for scheduling services of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System for the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite since May of 1987 and will be used for operations scheduling of the Explorer Platform in November of 1991. © 1991, Pergamon Press plc. All rights reserved. All rights reserved.

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control-system construction and a testing environment using a CAD technique

Control-system construction and a testing environment using ...

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International Conference on Industrial Electronics, control and Instrumentation

作者： Y. Ida Section 2 Development & Engineering Department2 Process Control Systems Business Division Yokogama Electric Corporation Musashino Tokyo Japan

In plant control, sophisticated control systems are implemented by closely combining sequence-control and feedback-control functions. In order to construct such a control system with CAD (computer-aided design) induced techniques, the author uses loop diagrams for feedback control and logic diagrams for sequence control in an engineering workstation. The operating condition of the control system is also monitored using input diagrams.< >

关键词： Logic design control systems Logic programming System testing Design automation Process control System buses Feedback control Condition monitoring Timing

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APPLYING VECTOR PROCESSING TO ACTIVE SONARS FOR INCREASED ACCURACY AND AN EXPANDED OPERATING ENVELOPE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第3期103卷 231-239页

作者： WHITNEY, DA BENEDICT, TJ David A. Whitneyis a division staff analyst in the Strategic Systems Division at TASC Reading Mass. He has B.S. and M.S. degrees in mathematics and statistics from Princeton University and the University of Illinois and has completed additional graduate work toward a Ph.D. at MIT. He has directed a number of algorithm development and data analysis activities in support of the U.S. Navy's Trident programs and has authored several technical papers. Mr. Whitney is currently involved in development and field testing of passive sonar signal processing algorithms and directs a R&D activity in the area of parallel processing applications for ASW. Lt Terry J. Benedict USNis an engineering duty officer in the U.S. Navy and is currently assigned as the assistant section head for missile engineering at Strategic Systems Programs Washington D.C. He has a B.S. degree in management from the U.S. Naval Academy and M.S. degree in weapons systems engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School. He formerly served as the system software development officer for the Navigation Branch at Strategic Systems Programs and shared responsibilities for the design development testing and configuration control of the Navigation Subsystem software.

Advanced computing technology development now allows considerable computational power to be packaged in small, modular components for low costs. In particular, vector and array processor add-on boards offer a way to incorporate modern parallel capabilities into existing hardware systems. In addition to cost efficiency, the fact that these boards may be able to plug-in to existing computer systems provides both design flexibility and a more rapid way of upgrading deployed computer hardware. To take advantage of such processing capabilities, however, algorithm analysis must be performed to determine what functions can be efficiently off-loaded to the vector processing board, and to decide what parts of the original serial algorithm should be redesigned to take advantage of the new hardware architecture. This paper presents a case study of how these issues are being addressed in a real-time active sonar data processing system. Vector processing technologies are being analyzed for application to correlation sonar systems used for estimating ship velocity on submarines, surface ships, and autonomous underwater vehicles. Such a system is deployed on Trident II SSBNs and is meeting its current design objectives. However, real-time operation of the correlation sonar is computationally intensive and fully utilizes the processing power of the fielded computing hardware. Expansions in the accuracy and operating envelope of the system are desirable and are not limited by the physics or practical operation of the sonar system, but rather by the speed at which processing of hydrophone returns can be performed. This analytic feasibility study investigates the possibility of expanding the operating envelope through the use of vector processing technology, within the constraint that any hardware or software changes would have minimal impact on the deployed system. It is predicted that significant speedups and operating envelope expansions can be achieved by introducing vectorized ha

关键词： Sonar

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Development of a digital input interface IC for automotive electronic control unit

Development of a digital input interface IC for automotive e...

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IEEE Conference on Vehicular Technology (VTC)

作者： K. Murakami M. Shimamura N. Fujiki Electronics Research Laboratory Central Engineering Laboratories Nissan Motor Company Limited Yokosuka Japan Electronic parts Design Section Research and Development Department Japan Electronic Control Systems Company Limited Isezaki Japan

An input interface IC to protect an LSI (such as a microcomputer used in an electronic control unit) from noise, surge, and high-power radio waves occurring at its input line has been developed. This IC has six input-output pairs. Filtering high-power radio waves, radio frequency surge, etc., is the main function of the IC. The IC also includes a level shifter which shifts battery voltage level (12 V) down to LSI level (5 V). This IC needs only one external resistor for each input. The ability to filter various surges and noises is superior than that of conventional input circuit. This IC has a level shift function and input current capacity of more than 1 mA without additional discrete components except for only one resistor/channel. Compared with conventional input circuits consisting of discrete components such as resistors, capacitors, and diodes, etc., this input interface IC offers the advantages of small size and high reliability of the entire electronic control unit.< >

关键词： Digital integrated circuits Automotive engineering Integrated circuit noise Surge protection Radiofrequency integrated circuits Resistors Large scale integration Microwave integrated circuits Microcomputers Radio control

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COMPUTER-SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE CONCEPTS FOR FUTURE COMBAT systems

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第3期102卷 43-62页

作者： ZITZMAN, LH FALATKO, SM PAPACH, JL Dr. Lewis H. Zitzman:is the group supervisor of the Advanced Systems Design Group Fleet Systems Department The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL). He has been employed at JHU/APL since 1972 performing applied research in computer science and in investigating and applying advanced computer technologies to Navy shipboard systems. He is currently chairman of Aegis Computer Architecture Data Bus and Fiber Optics Working Group from which many concepts for this paper were generated. Dr. Zitzman received his B.S. degree in physics from Brigham Young University in 1963 and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in physics from the University of Illinois in 1967 and 1972 respectively. Stephen M. Falatko:was a senior engineering analyst in the Combat Systems Engineering Department Comptek Research Incorporated for the majority of this effort. He is currently employed at ManTech Services Corporation. During his eight-year career first at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory and currently with ManTech Mr. Falatko's work has centered around the development of requirements and specifications for future Navy systems and the application of advanced technology to Navy command and control systems. He is a member of both the Computer Architecture Fiber Optics and Data Bus Working Group and the Aegis Fiber Optics Working Group. Mr. Falatko received his B.S. degree in aerospace engineering with high distinction from the University of Virginia in 1982 and his M.S. degree in applied physics from The Johns Hopkins University in 1985. Mr. Falatko is a member of Tau Beta Pi Sigma Gamma Tau the American Society of Naval Engineers and the U.S. Naval Institute. Janet L. Papach:is a section leader and senior engineering analyst in the Combat Systems Engineering Department Comptek Research Incorporated. She has ten years' experience as an analyst supporting NavSea Spa War and the U.S. Department of State. She currently participates in working group efforts under Aegis Combat System Doctrin

This paper sets forth computer systems architecture concepts for the combat system of the 2010–2030 timeframe that satisfy the needs of the next generation of surface combatants. It builds upon the current Aegis computer systems architecture, expanding that architecture while preserving, and adhering to, the Aegis fundamental principle of thorough systems engineering, dedicated to maintaining a well integrated, highly reliable, and easily operable combat system. The implementation of these proposed computer systems concepts in a coherent architecture would support the future battle force capable combat system and allow the expansion necessary to accommodate evolutionary changes in both the threat environment and the technology then available to effectively counter that threat. Changes to the current Aegis computer architecture must be carefully and effectively managed such that the fleet will retain its combat readiness capability at all times. This paper describes a possible transition approach for evolving the current Aegis computer architecture to a general architecture for the future. The proposed computer systems architecture concepts encompass the use of combinations of physically distributed, microprocessor-based computers, collocated with the equipment they support or embedded within the equipment itself. They draw heavily on widely used and available industry standards, including instruction set architectures (ISAs), backplane busses, microprocessors, computer programming languages and development environments, and local area networks (LANs). In this proposal, LANs, based on fiber optics, will provide the interconnection to support system expandability, redundancy, and higher data throughput rates. A system of cross connected LANs will support a high level of combat system integration, spanning the major warfare areas, and will facilitate the coordination and development of a coherent multi-warfare tactical picture supporting the future combatant command st

关键词： Computer Architecture

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On the design and simulation-based validation of an active compliance law for multi-arm robots

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Robotics and Autonomous systems 1989年第4期5卷 307-321页

作者： Bruhm, H. Deisenroth, J. Schädler, P. Technical University of Darmstadt Department of Control Engineering Control Systems Theory and Robotics Section Schloßgraben 1 Darmstadt6100 Germany

A special active compliance law is presented as the feedback element in a non-master/slave (i.e. symmetric) coordination strategy with explicit force distribution for robots with multiple cooperating arms. The method used to design the compliance controller comprise a structural design phase and dynamics design phase. The proposed controller structure simplifies the design problem as it maps the multivariate system onto two decoupled SISO loops with PI controllers describing internal and external compliance behavior. The conditions for the validity of this conceptual system model are discussed and the significance of task parameters such as grasp configuration, force distribution law and mechanical compliance values for the controller structure is explored. The dynamic behavior of internal and external compliance is determined in the second design phase by the choice of gain and integral action time of the respective controllers. An example shows the applicability of classical SISO control system design tools such as the root locus technique. The validity of the design method has been verified by means of the multi-arm robot simulation program MAROSIM, which is also presented in the paper. © 1989

关键词： controllers

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A logic programming based specification animation tool for real-time systems

A logic programming based specification animation tool for r...

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IEEE Region 10 International Conference TENCON

作者： S. Mitra G. Bhattacharyya T.K. Ghoshal K. Datta R. Sengupta Electrical Engineering Department Control Systems Section Jadavpur University Calcutta India

During the elicitation and verification of the specification for real-time control systems, the sequential-temporal aspects need to be treated separately. These aspects also require animation for verification and incremental refinement of the specification. An automated tool kit can be used to mechanize animation of specification. An augmented Petri net modeling tool is adopted to capture the logical, sequential and timing dependencies of a real-time control system. A description is also given of a logic-programming-based animator for automated animation of the Petri net description. The augmentations involve a predicate net approach and temporal extensions.< >

关键词： Logic programming Animation Real time systems control systems Automatic control Timing control system synthesis Automatic generation control Synchronization Clocks

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CALCULATING OPERATIONAL AVAILABILITY OF INTERMITTENT-USE SHIP systems

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第3期101卷 54-60页

作者： CONWAY, DH POH, AR Daniel H. Conway:heads the Reliability and Statistics Section of the Information Management Branch in the Management Operations Division of the Naval Ship Systems Engineering Station (NA VSSES). He received his B.A. degree in liberal arts from Mount St. Mary's College in 1950 and his M.S. degree in applied statistics from Villanova University in 1960. He has completed two years of postgraduate studies in mathematical statistics at Temple University and has had over thirty years of experience in the field of applied statistics with E.I. DuPont & Company General Electric Company and NA VSSES. He is a member of the American Statistical Association and the American Society for Quality Control. Adam R. Poh:is a reliability engineer in the Reliability and Statistics Section of the Information Management Branch in the Management Operations Division of NA VSSES. He received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Newark College of Engineering in 1954 and his M.S. degree in engineering from the University of Alabama in 1962. He taught for six years at the Miami-Dade Community College and was awarded an associate professorship. He has 20 years of other engineering experience with the last seven at NAVSSES. A professional engineer registered in Delaware his memberships include the American Society of Naval Engineers the Society of Reliability Engineers and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

This paper reviews the method of calculating operational availability from the Operational Availability Handbook (OpNavInst 3000.12) of 29 December 1987. It questions the procedure for intermittent-use ship systems wherein non-operating time is considered as uptime in using the instruction. Specific sample calculations based on actual gas turbine experience of CG-47, DD-963, DDG-993, FFG-7, and PHM-1 class ships are presented to demonstrate conclusions to be avoided. This study suggests that following OpNavInst 3000.12 can result in a more optimistic A o than has actually been achieved.

关键词： Ship Equipment

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