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Methods for a Transparent Development and Optimization of Biotechnological Processes

IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1996年第1期29卷 6768-6773页

作者： Peter Marenbach Kurt Dirk Bettenhausen Henning Tolle Darmstadt University of Technology Institute of Control Engineering Department of Control Systems Theory & Robotics Landgraf-Georg-Strasse 4 D-64283 Darmstadt Germany URL: http //www.rt.e-technik.th-darmstadt.de

The article at hand describes an integrating system for the intelligent control of complex bio technological processes including automatic modelling and model based control strategy generation. Starting with a summary of previously achieved results, some new approaches that provide better transparency to process engineers and operators are discussed. This includes aspects of self-organizing generation of structured dynamic nonlinear process models based upon the ideas of genetic programming as well as the transparent generation of fuzzy rules in a particular NeuroFuzzy approach. The latter is used for the classification of physiological states during batch and fed-batch fermentations and for the long time strategy generation to optimize the achievable product yield.

关键词： Biotechnology Process control Fuzzy systems Learning control Genetic algorithms

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Flexible generator maintenance scheduling based on subjective relaxation of constraints

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ELECTRICAL engineering IN JAPAN 1996年第1期116卷 55-69页

作者： Miao, ZY Yasuda, K Yokoyama, R Tokyo Metropolitan University Master's degree in 1992 in Electrical Engineering from Tokyo Metropolitan University where he is currently in the doctoral program. He is engaged in research mainly on the application of fuzzy theory to large-scale systems. Dr. of Eng. degree in 1989 from Hokkaido University. He became a Research Associate in April 1989 and has been an Associate Professor since April of 1991 on the Faculty of Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University. He is engaged in research mainly on the planning operation and control of as well as the application of fuzzy theory to large-scale systems. He is a member of the Operations Research Society of Japan and Institute of Systems Control and Information Engineers. Dr. of Eng. degree in 1973 from Waseda University. He joined Mitsubishi Research Institute Inc. in April 1974. He became an Associate Professor in September 1978 and has been a Professor since April 1989 on the Faculty of Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University. He is engaged in research mainly on the planning operation control and digital control of as well as the application of expert systems and fuzzy theory to large-scale systems. He is a member of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers Institute of Systems Control and Information Engineers Electrical Facility Society CIGRE IASTED and IEEE.

This paper presents a fuzzy-based method for determining a flexible generator maintenance scheduling by means of subjective relaxation of constraints imposed on the maintenance scheduling problem. The constraints are divided into hard (crisp) constraint set and soft (fuzzy) constraint set according to reflecting conditions which surround power systems. The problem is formulated as a fuzzy mathematical programming problem and solved with the fuzzy branch-and-bound method using Bellman-Zadeh maximizing decision. The proposed approach provides not only a new flexible concept of planning problems in power systems, but also natural expansion of conventional approaches based on crisp set theory. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach are demonstrated on two typical power system models which consist of 15 generators and 60 generators, respectively.

关键词： power system engineering fuzzy mathematical programming decision making generator maintenance scheduling branch-and-bound method

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On-line identification of continuous time-delay systems using the genetic algorithm

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ELECTRICAL engineering IN JAPAN 1996年第6期116卷 115-126页

作者： Hachino, T Yang, ZJ Tsuji, T Kyushu Institute of Technology Currently in the doctoral program in Electrical Engineering at Kyushu Institute of Technology. He is engaged in research on system identification. He is a member of the Institute of Systems Control and Information Engineers and the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers. Received his Dr. of Eng. degree in 1992 from Kyushu University. Since then he has been a Research Associate in the Department of Electrical Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology. He is engaged in research mainly in system identification and related genetic algorithms neural networks wavelet analysis and control of magnetic levitation systems etc. He is a member of the Institute of Systems Control and Information Engineers Society of Instrument and Control Engineers and Robotics Society of Japan. Received his Dr. of Eng. degree in 1968 from Kyushu University. In 1968 he became a Lecturer in 1971 an Associate Professor and since 1982 a Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology. He was Visiting Researcher at the University of Minnesota under the sponsorship of the Ministry of Education from 1986 to 1987. He is engaged in research mainly on control theory and power electronics. He is a member of the Institute of Systems Control and Information Engineers

This paper proposes a new kind of on-line identification method of continuous time-delay systems from sampled input-output data. In order to track the time-varying system parameters as well as time-delay, the recursive linear least squares (RLS) method is combined in a bootstrap manner with the genetic algorithm (GA) which has a high potential for global optimization. The time-delay is coded into binary bit strings and searched by the GA, while the system parameters are updated by the RLS method. Furthermore, this method (GALS method) is hybridized with the sequential nonlinear least squares method to improve the speed of convergence. Simulation results show that both the GALS and hybrid methods are efficient in the case that the system changes abruptly, and among them the hybrid method has superior convergence property to the GALs method and yields excellent estimation results in the case that the system changes with time continuously.

关键词： on-line identification continuous-time system time-delay system recursive least squares method sequential nonlinear least squares method genetic algorithm

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control system design for an ideal transient control performance - Proposal of simulator-based foresight control

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ELECTRICAL engineering IN JAPAN 1996年第5期116卷 107-117页

作者： Uchida, M Nakano, K Fukuoka Institute of Technology Fukuoka Japan 811-02 Graduated from Kyushu University in 1958 and received his Dr. of Eng. degree from there. He joined Kyushu Electric Power Co. Inc. and there he engaged in the planning construction operation and maintenance of thermal power plants as the technical staffer section chief assistant manager and superintendent. Since 1994 he has been a Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering Fukuoka Institute of Technology Japan. His main interest is in the application of modern control theory to actual plants. For his contribution to this field he was awarded the Okochi Memorial Technical Prize and SICE Technical Prize in 1980. He is a member of the Society of Institute of Instrument and Control Engineers of Japan (SICE). Received his B.E. and M.E. degrees from Kyushu Institute of Technology Japan and his Dr. of Eng. degree from Kyushu University Japan in 1982. Since 1992 he has been a Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering Fukuoka Institute of Technology Japan. His main interest is in the identification and control of nonlinear systems. He is a member of SICE and IEEE.

A new concept to achieve an ideal transient control performance is described. It is also possible to examine control performance on the frequency domain. Generally speaking, better control performance will be realized by using more exact information on the plant. A simulator should be built that has both correct initial values of state variables and parameters on dominant parts of the plant. The internal states of the simulator are used to represent the internal states of the plant, and control input is synthesized with the internal states of the simulator and the plant output. Using information on the simulator allows an ideal control performance at a dominant frequency area to be obtained in spite of the existence of unmodeled dynamics at a higher frequency domain. This control system is called simulator-based foresight control (SFC), and is available for both nonlinear and time-varying plants.

关键词： small controller large-scale plant simulator-based foresight control nonlinear systems

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Application of running quantities for control of an adaptive hybrid compensator

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EUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL POWER 1996年第5期6卷 337-344页

作者： Czarnecki, LS Chen, G Staroszczyk, Z Guangda Chen (1953) received the B.S. and M.S. degrees from the Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electrical Engineering China in 1977 and 1988 respectively. Since 1993 he worked for three years at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA as a Visiting Research Associate. Presently he is with Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electrical Engineering China. His research interests include control systems powerquality improvement and power electronics. (University of Hydraulic and Electrical Engineering Wuhan. Hubei 430072 P.R. China T+8627/78822 12 ext. 3634) Dr. Zbigniew Staroszczyk (1952) received the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Telecommunications and Electrical Engineering from Warsaw University of Technology Poland in 1974 and 1984. respectively. He is an Assistant Professor at the Electrical Engineering Department of Warsaw University offechnology. His current research interests include digital signal processing oriented to high accuracy spectral analysis and digital filtering. He develops intelligent measuring instrumentation in that field. (Warsaw University of Technology Institute of the Theory of Electrical Engineering and Electrical Measurements Koszykowa 75 PL-00-66 I Warsaw/Poland T+482/6210070-7484 Fax+48 221292962)

A control algorithm for a hybrid compensator based on a concept of running complex RMS values of the fundamental harmonic of voltages and currents is presented in the paper. The hybrid compensator is composed of an adaptive passive balancing compensator controlled in the frequency-domain, and a current source, controlled in the time-domain. The algorithm used for the compensator control is rooted in a new approach to the power theory of electrical systems with quasi-periodic waveforms. it is based on the concept of running quantities and a forward extrapolation of the power properties of a time-variant load. Experimental results obtained using such an algorithm for controlling a laboratory prototype of the hybrid compensator are presented in the paper.

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Trajectory control of controlled-PM linear synchronous motor magnetic levitation vehicle - FEM dynamics simulations and experiments in mass-reduced-control mode

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ELECTRICAL engineering IN JAPAN 1996年第4期116卷 120-131页

作者： Yoshida, K Takami, H Yokota, D Nishitani, M Sonoda, A Kyushu University Ph.D. degree in 1971 from the Engineering Research Division Kyushu University. He became a Research Associate in April 1971 and an Associate Professor in October 1974. He has been a Professor since September 1987 in the Department of Electrical Engineering Kyushu University. He was an Alexander von Humboldt Researcher (Technische Universität Braunschweig) from 1982 to 1983 1984 and 1986. He is engaged in research and development mainly in the fundamental theory simulations and its industrial applications of new linear motor Maglev systems. He received a Paper Award from the I.E.E. Japan in 1971. He is a member of the Japan Society for Simulation Technology. Master's degree in 1985 from the Engineering Research Division Kyushu University. He received his Ph.D. degree later. He became a Research Associate in the Department of Electrical Engineering Yamaguchi University in April 1985. He has been a Research Associate in the Department of Electrical Engineering since March 1993. He is engaged mainly in research and development of linear motors by simulations and experiments. He is a member of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers. Graduated in March 1993 from the Department of Electrical Engineering Kyushu University where he is currently in the Master's program. He is engaged in research on the levitation and running simulations of Maglev vehicles. Graduated in March 1993 from the Department of Electrical Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology. He enrolled in his Master's program at the Engineering Research Division Kyushu University in April 1993. He is engaged in research on the levitation simulation and experiments of Maglev vehicles. Graduated in March 1992 from the Department of Electrical Engineering Kyushu Electrical Engineering College. He has been an Educational Technical Officer in the Department of Electrical Engineering Kyushu University since April 1992. He is engaged in research on linear motor Maglev systems.

A novel magnetic levitation train system can be constructed by using a long-stator controlled-PM linear synchronous motor having propulsion and attractive-mode levitation functions and minimum loss. Realizing this system requires simplifying manufacture of the long-stator guideway. In the long-stator on the ground, semiclosed large slots are adapted and designed for one-turn coils of a waveform to be easily installed. The large slots cause the PM LSM detent forces to give strong influences on dynamic operations of the running vehicle. A two-dimensional FEM used for the dynamics simulations is capable of precisely analyzing the detent forces produced between the stator teeth and the PMs. This paper presents FEM dynamics simulations and experiments in mass-reduced-control mode of a 1/2 scale model magnetic levitation vehicle supported by small rubber rollers. The simulation model developed here includes the vehicle speed performance, position sensors and drag force due to friction between rubber roller and rail. The detent force problem in propulsion motion is successfully solved by adapting the feedback control of the vehicle propulsion based on the I-10-controlled method. The trajectory control is thus accomplished for the vehicle to follow speed and position patterns. The dynamics simulations are verified from the experiments. The simulation program proposed here enables us to investigate the magnetic levitation train system, including LSM design and vehicle dynamic operations.

关键词： controlled-PM LSM magnetic levitation finite element method detent force

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Steady-state analysis of soft and hard-switched DC/DC converters

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EUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL POWER 1996年第3期6卷 163-168页

作者： Pinola, L Rotta, E Testa, L Varoli, V Dr.-Ing. Licia Pinola (1960) received the Doctor degree in Nuclear Engineering and the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Science from the “Politecnico di Milano” Mildtaly in 1986 and 1990 respectively. Her research and and professional interests are in the fields of Power Electronics (dynamics of DC/DC switched power converters) A.I. techniques (expert systems) for on-line diagnosis of electrical systems and machines and non-linear system theory. (Politecnico di Milano Dipartirnento di Elettrotecnica Piazza Leonardodavinci 32.1-20133 Milano/ltaly T+*** Fax + ***) Dr.-Ing. Egidio Rotta (1963) received the Doctor degree in Nuclear Engineering from the “Politecnico di Milano” Milan/Italy in 1992. He is following the 3rd year of the 8th cycle of Doctorate in Nuclear Sciences at the “Politecnico di Milano”. His research and professional interests are i n the field of Power Electronics (dynamics of DC/DC switched power converters high power PWM converters converter topologies. high efficiency QR converters). (Politecnico di Milano Ce SNEF Via Ponzio 3413 1-20133 Milano/Italy T + 392/23996393 Fax +392/23996309) Dr.-lng. Livia Testa (1964) received the Doctor degree in Nuclear Engineering from the “Politecnico di Milano” Milafltaly in 1993. Her main interests are in the field of Power Electronics (device simulations QR converters). (Politecnico di Milano. Dip. Ingegneria Nucleare Via Ponzio 3413 1-20133 Milandtaly T +392/23996393 Fax + 392/23996309) Prof. Vincenzo Varoli (1945) received the B.S. degree in Nuclear Engineering from the Universiti Politecnico di Milano Milan/Italy in 1969. Since then he worked in the Electronics Laboratory of the Institute of Nuclear Engineering of the Politecnico di Milano and he was involved in the design of low-noise charge preamplifiers precision pulse generators acoustic emission processing chains and isolated acquisition systems. His present research activity is devoted to the analysis and modelling of power processor and to the optimization of their control. He

A methodology for the accurate steady-state analysis of soft-switched (quasi-resonant) DC/DC converters is described. It consists in a two-steps procedure: a simplified analysis provides the initial values to an iterative algorithm which improves the accuracy of the results up to the required level. Symbolic mathematics packages make it possible to apply a rigorous approach also to the high-order networks typical of quasi-resonant converters. The procedure is validated by comparison of its outputs to experimental results.

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Modeling and simulation in the sealift program

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1996年第6期108卷 27-39页

作者： Edinberg, D Back, K McVeigh, J David Edinberg is a senior naval architect with Advanced Marine Enterprises in Arlington Virginia. His experience in ship design includes dynamic analysis of ship's deck systems intact and damaged stability calculations trim and stability support during ship designs and structural design. For the last two years he has led a team of engineers in the dynamic analysis of the sideport ramp system employed on the Navy's new sealift ships. He graduated in 1979 with a B.S. degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from the University of Michigan. Keith Back is a senior engineer with Advanced Marine Enterprises in Arlington Virginia. He is currently the section chief for the Advanced Visualization Group. He has more than ten years experience developing and using CAD models in the ship design environment. For the past two years he has led the development of visualization techniques and models for use in simulations for current ship design programs. He graduated in 1985 with a B.S. degree in aerospace and ocean engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. USA Lt. Col. Joe McVeigh USA is currently deputy program manager (Army) for PMS 385 the Strategic Sealift Office at NavSea. As the senior U.S. Army officer on staff he is responsible for interfacing with the program's primary customer in addition to his assignment as T&E director. Lt. Col. McVeigh graduated with a B.Sc. from the United States Military Academy in 1978 after which he received his 2nd lieutenant's commission in the U.S. Army Transportation Corps. In 1991 he received M.S. degrees in mechanical engineering and naval architecture and marine engineering from MIT. Lt. Col. McVeigh's previous assignments have included: platoon leader/XO 870th Terminal Transfer Company program support officer/XO/contract administrator DLA operations staff officer/Exercise Branch chief. Special Forces Europe company commander 598th Medium Truck Company commander Movement Control Team Mannheim and Army watercraft systems engineer U.S.

The Navy's Sealift Program had several unique problems associated with it which have been addressed using innovative modeling and simulation tech niques. These techniques fall under two categories: visualization and dynamic analysis. This paper will discuss the employment of these techniques and the impact their application has had in the program. Also examined will be various difficulties that were encountered in the application of these techniques. Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) visualization tools were used to model the interior Ro/Ro spaces on the four classes of new construction and conversion ships now being procured. These models were employed for vehicle maneuvering simulations, operator familiarization and visualization of the results of an analysis of the loading and unloading of Ro/Ro vehicles. A COTS dynamic analysis system was used to simulate dynamic behavior during the assembly/deplopment and retrieval/disassembly of the side port ramp using the ships' cranes. These analyses supported reviews of design configurations, proposed handling procedures, and in conjunction with extensive post-processing, operability assessments for system operation. In a parallel effort, an interactive crane simulator was developed to support on-going engineering studies, indoctrination, and test and evaluation purposes. Lessons learned have been applied to other activities at the Naval Sea systems Command. Critical areas were the validation and maintenance of up-to-date configuration data for the visual models, adaptive levels of detail to meet the requirements of each study objective, and the need to provide comprehensive documentation of models.

关键词： Marine engineering

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BioX ++ - New Results and Conceptions Concerning the Intelligent control of Biotechnological Processes

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1995年第3期28卷 301-304页

作者： K.D. Bettenhausen S. Gehlen P. Marenbach H. Tolle Darmstadt University of Technology Institute of Control Engineering Department of Control Systems Theory & Robotics Landgraf-Georg-Strasse 4 D-64283 Darmstadt Germany Zentrum für Neuroinformatik GmbH Universitätastr. 160 D-44801 Bochum Germany

The artide at hand presents new results and conceptions concerning the intelligent and autonomous control of biotechnological procces by integrating conventional, knowledge-based and learning methods. The extended system BioX ++ facilitates the transparent generation of process control strategies and sequences based on automatically self-organized structured proces· models. Experimental results showing the increased product yield and the discussion of approach-specific problems are part of this paper as well as the new approaches actually examined.

关键词： Expert systems neural networks fuzzy systems learning control fermentation processes biotechnology genetic algorithms

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FAULT-TOLERANT ASSOCIATE MEMORIES

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systems AND COMPUTERS IN JAPAN 1995年第7期26卷 1-12页

作者： FUJIWARA, E TANAKA, T Member Faculty of Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan 152 Eui Fujiwara:received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Electronics Engineering in 1968 and 1970 respectively and his Dr. of Eng. degree in 1981 all from Tokyo Institute of Technology. In 1970 he joined the NTT Musashino Electrical Communication Laboratories and engaged in developing PIPS-1 and PIPS-11 computer systems. In 1988 he joined the Department of Computer Science Tokyo Institute of Technology as an Associate Professor. In 1990 he became a full Professor. He was a Visiting Professor at the Center for Advanced Computer Studies the University of Southwestern Louisiana from June 1985 to July 1986. His current research interests include coding theory for computers fault-tolerant memories VLSI defect-toleranceand WSI systems. He is a co-author ofError Control Coding for Computer Systems(Prentice-Hall1989) EssentiaLF of Error-Correcting Coding Techniques (Academic Press 1990) and other books. Dr. Fujiwara received the Young Engineer Award from the I.E.I.C.E. in 1978 and the Teshima Memorial Research Award in 1991. He is a senior member of the IEEE and a member of the Information Processing Society Japan. Associate Member

Because of its capability of high-speed search, the associative memory (CAM) is expected to be used in a variety of information processing systems. In this paper, novel fault-tolerant techniques which are effective for on-line use are proposed for TLB which is an example of the application of CAM. First, fault and error models of the TLB consisting of the CAM part and the SRAM part are clarified. Then, the fault-tolerant techniques for these faults and errors, such as distance separable technique, cod-ing technique, simplified 1-out-of-n check and graceful degradation, are proposed. The distance separable technique which encodes the data stored in the CAM part is the one which masks the faulty CAM part and prevents errors from propagating to the subsequent circuits. The coding technique checks the one-to-one correspondence between the data in the CAM and those in SRAM by using the SEC-DED code with byte error detection capability, i.e., SEC-DED-SbED code, and at the same time it detects and corrects errors in the data stored in SRAM. The simplified 1-out-of-n check processes association errors. The graceful degradation gives a flag in the faulty memory section and prevents it from being used. The methods proposed in this paper are evaluated from area augmentation and error detection capability perspectives. The results show that the fault-tolerant TLB with 32 virtual address bits, 32 physical address bits and 128 entries gives single fault detection probability of nearly 99 percent with 28 percent area increase.

关键词： CAM TLB DISTANCE SEPARABLE TECHNIQUE CODING TECHNIQUE SIMPLIFIED 1-OUT-OF-N CHECK GRACEFUL DEGRADATION

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