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arXiv 2020年

作者： Jeong, Seonghyun Park, Taeyoung Van Dyk, David A. Department of Statistics and Data Science Yonsei University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Applied Statistics Yonsei University Seoul Korea Republic of Statistics Section Department of Mathematics Imperial College London London United Kingdom

We provide a flexible framework for selecting among a class of additive partial linear models that allows both linear and nonlinear additive components. In practice, it is challenging to determine which additive components should be excluded from the model while simultaneously determining whether nonzero additive components should be represented as linear or nonlinear components in the final model. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian model selection method that is facilitated by a carefully specified class of models, including the choice of a prior distribution and the nonparametric model used for the nonlinear additive components. We employ a series of latent variables that determine the effect of each variable among the three possibilities (no effect, linear effect, and nonlinear effect) and that simultaneously determine the knots of each spline for a suitable penalization of smooth functions. The use of a pseudoprior distribution along with a collapsing scheme enables us to deploy well-behaved Markov chain Monte Carlo samplers, both for model selection and for fitting the preferred model. Our method and algorithm are deployed on a suite of numerical studies and are applied to a nutritional epidemiology study. The numerical results show that the proposed methodology outperforms previously available methods in terms of effective sample sizes of the Markov chain samplers and the overall misclassification rates. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Additives

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Assessing Trustworthy AI in Times of COVID-19: Deep Learning for Predicting a Multiregional Score Conveying the Degree of Lung Compromise in COVID-19 Patients

IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society

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IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society 2022年第4期3卷 272-289页

作者： Allahabadi, Himanshi Amann, Julia Balot, Isabelle Beretta, Andrea Binkley, Charles Bozenhard, Jonas Bruneault, Frederick Brusseau, James Candemir, Sema Cappellini, Luca Alessandro Chakraborty, Subrata Cherciu, Nicoleta Cociancig, Christina Coffee, Megan Ek, Irene Espinosa-Leal, Leonardo Farina, Davide Fieux-Castagnet, Genevieve Frauenfelder, Thomas Gallucci, Alessio Giuliani, Guya Golda, Adam Van Halem, Irmhild Hildt, Elisabeth Holm, Sune Kararigas, Georgios Krier, Sebastien A. Kuhne, Ulrich Lizzi, Francesca Madai, Vince I. Markus, Aniek F. Masis, Serg Mathez, Emilie Wiinblad Mureddu, Francesco Neri, Emanuele Osika, Walter Ozols, Matiss Panigutti, Cecilia Parent, Brendan Pratesi, Francesca Moreno-Sanchez, Pedro A. Sartor, Giovanni Savardi, Mattia Signoroni, Alberto Sormunen, Hanna-Maria Spezzatti, Andy Srivastava, Adarsh Stephansen, Annette F. Theng, Lau Bee Tithi, Jesmin Jahan Tuominen, Jarno Umbrello, Steven Vaccher, Filippo Vetter, Dennis Westerlund, Magnus Wurth, Renee Zicari, Roberto V. Ey Netherlands Enterprise Intelligence Department Amsterdam1083 HP Netherlands Eth Zurich Health Ethics and Policy Lab Department of Health Sciences and Technology Zürich8092 Switzerland Center for Diplomatic and Strategic Studies Postgraduate Studies in Diplomacy and International Relations Paris75015 France Pisa56124 Italy Hackensack Meridian Health Bioethics Center EdisonNJ08820 United States University of Oxford Faculty of Philosophy OxfordOX2 6GG United Kingdom Collège André- Laurendeau Philosophie Department MontrealQCH8N 2J4 Canada Université du Québec À Montréal École des Médias MontrealQCH2L 2C4 Canada Pace University Philosophy Department New YorkNY10038 United States The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Department of Radiology ColumbusOH43210 United States Humanitas Research Hospital Department of Radiology Milan20089 Italy Humanitas University Department of Biomedical Sciences Milan20089 Italy University of New England Faculty of Science Agriculture Business and Law ArmidaleNSW2351 Australia University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology SydneyNSW2007 Australia Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna European Centre of Excellence on the Regulation of Robotics and Ai Pisa56127 Italy University of Bremen Group of Computer Architecture Bremen28359 Germany New York University Grossman School of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology Department of Medicine New YorkNY10016 United States Digital Institute Ai Research Section Stockholm16731 Sweden Arcada University of Applied Sciences Department of Business Management and Analytics Helsinki00550 Finland University of Brescia Radiological Sciences and Public Health Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Brescia25121 Italy Sncf Reseau Sa Ethique Groupe La Plaine93418 France Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Hospital Zurich Zürich8091 Switzerland Eindhoven University of Tech

This article's main contributions are twofold: 1) to demonstrate how to apply the general European Union's High-Level Expert Group's (EU HLEG) guidelines for trustworthy AI in practice for the domain of healthcare and 2) to investigate the research question of what does 'trustworthy AI' mean at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, we present the results of a post-hoc self-assessment to evaluate the trustworthiness of an AI system for predicting a multiregional score conveying the degree of lung compromise in COVID-19 patients, developed and verified by an interdisciplinary team with members from academia, public hospitals, and industry in time of pandemic. The AI system aims to help radiologists to estimate and communicate the severity of damage in a patient's lung from Chest X-rays. It has been experimentally deployed in the radiology department of the ASST Spedali Civili clinic in Brescia, Italy, since December 2020 during pandemic time. The methodology we have applied for our post-hoc assessment, called Z-Inspection®, uses sociotechnical scenarios to identify ethical, technical, and domain-specific issues in the use of the AI system in the context of the pandemic. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： COVID-19

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The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels (vol 400, pg 1619, 2022)

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LANCET 2022年第10365期400卷 1766-1766页

作者： Romanello, M. Di Napoli, C. Drummond, P. Institute for Global Health University College London London UK School of Agriculture Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK Institute for Sustainable Resources University College London London UK Department of Global Health Centre for Health and the Global Environment University of Washington Seattle WA USA UCL Energy Institute University College London London UK Department of Health Sciences University of York York UK Department of Meteorology University of Reading Reading UK Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction University College London London UK School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds Leeds UK Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK School of Population Health University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change Berlin Germany Department of Environment Climate Change and Health World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland Institute of Environmental Sciences University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health & Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK School of Government University of Birmingham Birmingham UK Economic Analysis of Climate Impacts and Policy Division Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici Venice Italy Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering University College London London UK Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich London UK Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Yale Center on Climate Change and Health Yale University New Haven CT USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA USA Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA Department of Geography University College London London UK NU

With advancements in the science of detection and attribution studies, the influence of climate change over many events has now been quantified. Because of the rapidly increasing temperatures, vulnerable populations (adults older than 65 years, and children younger than one year of age) were exposed to 3·7 billion more heatwave days in 2021 than annually in 1986–2005 (indicator 1.1.2), and heat-related deaths increased by 68% between 2000–04 and 2017–21 (indicator 1.1.5), a death toll that was significantly exacerbated by the confluence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the local cooling and overall health benefits of urban greenspaces, only 277 (27%) of 1038 global urban centres were at least moderately green in 2021 (indicator 2.2.3), and the number of households with air conditioning increased by 66% from 2000 to 2020, a maladaptive response that worsens the energy crisis and further increases urban heat, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. [...]millions of people do not have access to the energy needed to keep their homes at healthy temperatures, preserve food and medication, and meet the seventh Sustainable Development Goal (to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all). Aggravating this situation even further, governments continue to incentivise fossil fuel production and consumption: 69 (80%) of 86 countries reviewed had net-negative carbon prices (ie, provided a net subsidy to fossil fuels) for a net total of US$400 billion

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Expert consensus on research priorities for the prevention of delirium in adult ICU patients

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Intensive and Critical Care Nursing 2025年 91卷

作者： Stef Beerens Laurens Van Steenkiste Ingrid Egerod Thomas Gargadennec Mu-Hsing Ho Peter Nydahl Jessica A. Palakshappa Brenda Pun Louise Rose Mark van den Boogaard Bart Van Rompaey Bradley Wibrow Sonia O. Labeau Stijn Blot Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University Ghent Belgium Faculty Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care University of Western Brittany Brest France Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong PR China Nursing Science and Development University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Kiel Germany Section of Pulmonary Critical Care Allergy and Immunologic Diseases Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC United States Critical Illness Brain Dysfunction and Survivorship Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN United States Faculty of Nursing Midwifery and Palliative Care King’s College London London United Kingdom Department of Intensive Care Medicine Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen the Netherlands Department of Family Medicine and Population Health University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium Faculty Health and Medical Sciences University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia School of Healthcare Nurse education programme Present address HOGENT Learning Education Academy & Centre for Applied Data Science & Research Centre for Learning in Diversity HOGENT University of Applied Sciences and Arts Ghent Belgium Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University Ghent Belgium

Objective To identify research priorities for the prevention of delirium in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Research Methodology We conducted an iterative, consensus-based modified Delphi methodology combined with initial literature search to establish a prioritized research agenda. As a first round of an anonymised modified Delphi procedure, a 10-member international expert panel, selected on basis of their academic and clinical expertise, were asked to add topics they perceived missing from a list of potential research gaps regarding ICU delirium prevention. In the second round, experts rated each topic research priority using a 4-point Likert scale (very low to very high). Topics were considered a research priority if rated ‘high’ or ‘very high’ by at least 80% of experts. A third round to establish a top 3 was planned if more than 10 priorities were identified. Main Outcome measures Research priorities for delirium prevention in adult ICU patients. Results The evidence-based list comprised 44 potential research priorities with experts suggesting 9 additional topics. Of the 53 potential research priorities, 8 were unanimously rated as research priorities: ‘early mobilization’, ‘exercise interventions’, ‘sedation breaks for ventilator weaning’, ‘routine delirium surveillance’, ‘cognitive training/exercise’, ‘reducing light, noise, and care activities at night’, ‘open visiting hours’, and ‘family participation’. Conclusions We have identified 8 research priorities for delirium prevention in adult ICU patients. Implications for Clinical Practice The research agenda developed in this study provides direction for future investigations into delirium prevention in ICU patients. By highlighting expert-endorsed priorities, it supports a more focused allocation of research efforts and funding. The findings may inform the development of targeted, evidence-based prevention strategies, ultimately contributing to improved clinical outcomes in critical care settings.

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THE ARCTIC

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Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2024年第8期105卷 S277-S330页

作者： Druckenmiller, M.L. Thoman, R.L. Moon, T.A. National Snow and Ice Data Center Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado International Arctic Research Center University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska National Snow and Ice Data Center Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Colorado Section for Glaciers Ice and Snow Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate Oslo Norway School of Informatics Computing and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona Biospherical Instruments Inc. San Diego California Geophysical Institute University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska Plant Soils and Climate Department Utah State University Logan Utah Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Trondheim Norway FRAM – High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment Tromsø Norway Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Copenhagen Denmark NOAA/NWS Alaska Region Anchorage Alaska Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium Anchorage Alaska Geological Survey of Canada Natural Resources Canada Ottawa Canada NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory Boulder Colorado Arctic Geophysics Department University Centre in Svalbard Longyearbyen Norway Geology Department University Centre in Svalbard Longyearben Norway Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques Météo-France/CNRS Toulouse France Climate Research Division Environment and Climate Change Canada Toronto Canada Norwegian Polar Institute Fram Centre Tromsø Norway Danish Meteorological Institute Copenhagen Denmark Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto Canada Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia Department of Geographical Sciences University of Maryland College Park Maryland University of Liège Liège Belgium Environment and Climate Change Canada Toronto Canada Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center U.S. Geological Survey Bozeman Montana Arctic C

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Natural Language Processing Markers for Psychosis and Other Psychiatric Disorders: Emerging Themes and Research Agenda From a Cross-Linguistic Workshop

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SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN 2023年第SUPP2期49卷 S86-S92页

作者： Corona Hernandez, Hugo Corcoran, Cheryl Achim, Amelie M. de Boer, Janna N. Boerma, Tessel Brederoo, Sanne G. Cecchi, Guillermo A. Ciampelli, Silvia Elvevag, Brita Fusaroli, Riccardo Giordano, Silvia Hauglid, Mathias van Hessen, Arjan Hinzen, Wolfram Homan, Philipp de Kloet, Sybren F. Koops, Sanne Kuperberg, Gina R. Maheshwari, Kritika Mota, Natalia B. Parola, Alberto Rocca, Roberta Sommer, Iris E. C. Truong, Khiet Voppel, Alban E. van Vugt, Marieke Wijnen, Frank Palaniyappan, Lena Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands Department of Psychiatry Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai NY USA Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences VITAM Centre de Recherche en Santé Durable Cervo Brain Research Centre Université Laval Québec Canada Department of Psychiatry University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht Netherlands Department of Languages Literature and Communication Institute for Language Sciences Utrecht University Utrecht Netherlands University Center of Psychiatry University Medical Center Groningen Groningen Netherlands IBM T. J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights NY USA Department of Clinical Medicine University of Tromsø—the Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway Department of Linguistics Cognitive Science and Semiotics School of Communication and Culture Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Department of Culture Interacting Minds Center Cognition and Computation Communication School of Culture and Society Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Linguistic Data Consortium University of Pennsylvania PA USA Department of Innovative Technologies University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland Lugano Switzerland Faculty of Law University of Tromsø—the Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway Department of Human Media Interaction University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain Department of Psychiatry Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Zurich Switzerland Neurocast BV Amsterdam Netherlands Department of Psychology Tufts University Medford MA USA Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Department of Genetics U

This workshop summary on natural language processing (NLP) markers for psychosis and other psychiatric disorders presents some of the clinical and research issues that NLP markers might address and some of the activities needed to move in that direction. We propose that the optimal development of NLP markers would occur in the context of research efforts to map out the underlying mechanisms of psychosis and other disorders. In this workshop, we identified some of the challenges to be addressed in developing and implementing NLP markers-based Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) in psychiatric practice, especially with respect to psychosis. Of note, a CDSS is meant to enhance decision-making by clinicians by providing additional relevant information primarily through software (although CDSSs are not without risks). In psychiatry, a field that relies on subjective clinical ratings that condense rich temporal behavioral information, the inclusion of computational quantitative NLP markers can plausibly lead to operationalized decision models in place of idiosyncratic ones, although ethical issues must always be paramount.

关键词： speech technology implementation digital markers psychiatric practice pathophysiology

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Overview of the JEM-EUSO Program 7

Overview of the JEM-EUSO Program

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7th International Symposium on Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays, UHECR 2024

作者： Caruso, Rossella Abdullahi, M. Abe, S. Abrate, M. Adams, J.H. Allard, D. Alldredge, P. Aloisio, R. Ammendola, R. Anchordoqui, L. Andreoli, V. Anzalone, A. Arnone, E. Badoni, D. Bagheri, M. Baret, B. Barghini, D. Battisti, M. Bekele, N. Bellotti, R. Belov, A.A. Bertaina, M. Betts, M. Biermann, P. Bisconti, F. Blaksley, C. Blin-Bondil, S. Boezio, M. Bowaire, A.N. Burton, J. Cafagna, F. Campana, D. Capel, F. Caruso, R. Casolino, M. Cassardo, C. Castellina, A. Černý, K. Conti, L. Coretti, A.G. Cremonini, R. Creusot, A. Cummings, A. De Santis, C. de la Taille, C. Di Giovanni, A. Diesing, R. Ebisuzaki, T. Engel, R. Eser, J. Fenu, F. Ferrarese, S. Filippatos, G. Finch, W.W. Fornaro, C. Fuglesang, C. Fukushima, M. Garg, D. Gardiol, D. Garipov, G.K. Gazda, E. Golzio, A. Guépin, C. Haroon, Q. Haungs, A. Heibges, T. Isgrò, F. Judd, E.G. Kajino, F. Kaneko, I. Kupari, L. Kim, S.-W. Klimov, P.A. Kreykenbohm, I. Krizmanic, J.F. Kungel, V. Kuznetsov, E. Liberatori, F. Lima, H.P. Luppa, R. Mandát, D. Manfrin, M. Marcelli, A. Marcelli, L. Marszal, W. Masciantonio, G. Matthews, J.N. Mayotte, E. Mese, M. Meyer, S.S. Mignone, M. Miller, M. Mimouni, J. Miyamoto, H. Mizumoto, Y. Moses, J. Munini, R. Nagataki, S. Nathan, C. Neronov, A. Nicolaidis, R. Nonaka, T. Nozzoli, F. M’sihid, E. Ogawa, T. Ogio, S. Ohmori, H. Olinto, A.V. Onel, Y. Osteria, G. Otte, A.N. Panico, B. Parizot, E. Park, I.H. Paul, T. Pech, M. Perfetto, F. Perrone, L. Petta, C. Picozza, P. Piotrowski, L.W. Pitu, R. Plebaniak, Z. Potts, M. Prévôt, G. Przybylak, M. Reali, E. Reardon, P. Reno, M.H. Reynaud, F. Ricci, E. Ricci, M. Matamala, O.F. Romero Sagawa, H. Sakaki, N. Sarazin, F. Sato, M. Schovánek, P. Scotti, V. Sharakin, S.A. Scherini, V. Schieler, H. Shinozaki, K. Sotgiu, A. Sparvoli, R. Castro, R. Spinola Stillwell, B. Szabelski, J. Tajima, N. Tajima, T. Takahashi, Y. Takeda, M. Takizawa, Y. Thomas, S.B. Department of Physics and Astronomy "E.Majorana" University of Catania INFN-Catania Via Santa Sofia 64 Catania95123 Italy Algiers Algeria Univ. Constantine I Constantine Algeria Joint Laboratory of Optics Faculty of Science Palacký University Olomouc Czech Republic Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic Omega Ecole Polytechnique CNRS IN2P3 Palaiseau France Université de Paris CNRS ParisF-75013 France France Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier Universit Montpellier CNRS IN2P3 CC72 place Eugne Bataillon Montpellier34095 Cedex 5 France Germany Max Planck Institute for Physics Munich Germany University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Erlangen Germany Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bari Italy Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana" Università di Catania Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Napoli Italy Università di Napoli Federico II Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini" Italy INAF - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata Italy Università di Roma Tor Vergata Dipartimento di Fisica Roma Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Torino Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Torino Italy Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica Italy Uninettuno University Rome Italy Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Via del Politecnico Roma00133 Italy Gran Sasso Science Institute L’Aquila Italy INFN Gran Sasso National Laboratory AQ AssergiI-67100 Italy University of Salento via per Arnesano Lecce73100 Italy INFN Section of Lecce via per Arnesano Lecce73100 Italy Centro Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo Via Cintia Naples80126 Italy Arpa Piemonte

Since 2010, the international JEM-EUSO (Joint Exploratory Missions for Extreme Universe Space Observatory) Collaboration has been developing an ambitious program with the support of major International and National Space Agencies and research funding institutions, to enable UltraHigh-Energy Cosmic Ray (UHECR) and High-Energy (HE) neutrino observations from space. Its main objective is to develop a large mission with dedicated instrumentation looking down on the Earth atmosphere from space, both towards nadir and/or towards the limb, to detect the Extensive Air Showers (EAS) initiated by such particles in the atmosphere. This strategy is intended to complement the observations made with ground-based observatories, by allowing a significant increase in the exposure at the highest energies, and achieving near-uniform full sky coverage, as part of the global effort to better characterize the phenomenology of UHECRs, discover their sources and understand their acceleration mechanism. In the last decade, the JEM-EUSO Collaboration successfully developed five intermediate missions: one ground based (EUSO-TA), three balloon-borne (EUSO-Balloon, EUSO-SPB1, EUSO-SPB2) and one space-based (MiniEUSO), and also benefited from the experience gained by the space mission TUS. Important studies for a full-scale mission have also been carried out, namely K-EUSO and the stereo double telescope Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA), to be considered for a NASA Probe Mission in the next decade. The technical and scientific achievements of this rich and manifold program are reported on, as well as the scientific objectives updated in the light of the knowledge gained from the previous missions, and additional scientific objectives accessible to such unique technology. Finally, the near-future developments of the JEM-EUSO Program are briefly presented, with the continuation of the Mini-EUSO observations and the new balloon-borne mission PBR. © Copyright owned by the autho

关键词： Clouds

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INTRODUCTION

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Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2024年第8期105卷 S1-S11页

作者： Boyer, T. Blunden, J. Dunn, R.J.H. NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Silver Spring Maryland NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Asheville North Carolina Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter United Kingdom European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reading United Kingdom University of Maryland College Park Maryland Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California NOAA/NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Prediction Center College Park Maryland Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU) Cottbus-Senftenberg Germany Servicio Meteorológico Nacional Buenos Aires Argentina NOAA/OAR Physical Sciences Laboratory Boulder Colorado European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Bonn Germany Center for Geophysical Research and School of Physics University of Costa Rica San José Costa Rica Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Earth Observation University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais CEMADEN São Paulo Brazil Université Grenoble Alpes Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement IRD CNRS Grenoble INP Grenoble France Hampton University Hampton Virginia Seychelles Meteorological Authority Mahe Seychelles Section for Glaciers Ice and Snow Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate Oslo Norway National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment (INRAE) CARRTEL Université Savoie Mont Blanc Thonon les Bains France Graduate School of Agriculture Osaka Metropolitan University Sakai Japan Science Faculty Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia University of Bremen Bremen Germany NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory Boulder Colorado Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú Lima Perú Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación – Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-UV-GVA) Valencia Spain Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL) Ghent University Ghent Belgium Department o

In 2023, La Niña conditions that generally prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean from mid-2020 into early 2023 gave way to a strong El Niño by October. Atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—all increased to record-high levels. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere rose to 419.3±0.1 ppm, which is 50% greater than the pre-industrial level. The growth from 2022 to 2023 was 2.8 ppm, the fourth highest in the record since the 1960s. The combined short-term effects of El Niño and the long-term effects of increasing levels of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere contributed to new records for many essential climate variables reported here. The annual global temperature across land and oceans was the highest in records dating as far back as 1850, with the last seven months (June–December) having each been record warm. Over land, the globally averaged temperature was also record high. Dozens of countries reported record or near-record warmth for the year, including China and continental Europe as a whole (warmest on record), India and Russia (second warmest), and Canada (third warmest). Intense and widespread heatwaves were reported around the world. In Vietnam, an all-time national maximum temperature record of 44.2°C was observed at Tuong Duong on 7 May, surpassing the previous record of 43.4°C at Huong Khe on 20 April 2019. In Brazil, the air temperature reached 44.8°C in Araçuaí in Minas Gerais on 20 November, potentially a new national record and 12.8°C above normal. The effect of rising temperatures was apparent in the cryosphere, where snow cover extent by June 2023 was the smallest in the 56-year record for North America and seventh smallest for the Northern Hemisphere overall. Heatwaves contributed to the greatest average mass balance loss for Alpine glaciers around the world since the start of the record in 1970. Due to rapid volume loss beginning in 2021, St. A

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Bladder health in US women: population-based estimates from the RISE FOR HEALTH study

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American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2025年第6期232卷 538-538.e13页

作者： Smith, Ariana L. Falke, Chloe Rudser, Kyle D. McGwin, Gerald Brady, Sonya S. Brubaker, Linda Kenton, Kimberly LaCoursiere, D. Yvette Lewis, Cora E. Low, Lisa K. Lowder, Jerry L. Lukacz, Emily S. Mueller, Elizabeth R. Newman, Diane K. Nodora, Jesse Markland, Alayne Putnam, Sara Rickey, Leslie M. Rockwood, Todd Simon, Melissa A. Stapleton, Ann Vaughan, Camille P. Wyman, Jean F. Sutcliffe, Siobhan Division of Urology Department of Surgery University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA United States Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN United States Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL United States Department of Family Medicine and Community Health University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis MN United States Department of Obstetrics Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences University of California San Diego La Jolla CA United States Section of Urogynecology & Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology University of Chicago Chicago IL United States Department of Obstetrics Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences University of California San Diego La Jolla CA United States School of Nursing University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO United States Departments of Urology & Obstetrics/Gynecology Loyola University Medical Center Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL United States Department of Surgery University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA United States Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences University of California San Diego La Jolla CA United States Division of Gerontology Geriatrics and Palliative Care Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham and the Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center at the Birmingham Veterans Affairs Health Care System Birmingham AL United States Departments of Urology and Obstetrics Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT United States Division of Health Policy and Management University of Minnesota School of Public Health Minneapolis MN United States Division of General Obstetrics and Gynecology

Background: Bladder health encompasses total bladder well-being and not merely the absence of urinary symptoms. While much is known about the prevalence of urinary symptoms in women, little is known about the distribution of bladder health (eg, optimal to poor). Objective: We report the distributions of multiple dimensions of bladder health and function in a population-based sample of community-dwelling women, overall and separately in women without urinary symptoms to begin to explore bladder health dimensions that may precede the onset of symptoms. Study Design: RISE FOR HEALTH is a regionally-representative cohort study of US women aged 18 and older. Baseline surveys included the validated Bladder Health Scales/Bladder Function Indices, the 10-item Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network Symptom Index, and additional study items. Bladder well-being was assessed across 10 scales and bladder function across 6 indices. Bladder Health Scale scores were adjusted for adaptive/coping behaviors (eg, using/carrying pads, staying close to a toilet) to account for the perceived impact of urinary symptoms on well-being. Scores for scales and indices ranged from 0 (poor well-being/function) to 100 (optimal well-being/function). We calculated summary statistics for each scale (with and without adaptive behavior adjustment) and each index in the full study population and subset of women without urinary symptoms. Results: The mean age of 3027 eligible participants was 49.8 years (standard deviation 17.9). The median global Bladder Health Scale score was 72 (interquartile range: 56, 84) before adjustment for adaptive/coping behaviors and 55 (interquartile range: 34, 78) after adjustment. Median scores for the other scales ranged from 75 to 100 before and 61 to 72 after adjustment. Sixty-nine percent of participants reported using adaptive/coping behaviors, including using pads (40%), toilet mapping (58%), and staying close to a toilet (3%). The median overall

关键词： adaptive behavior bladder health coping Epidemiology health promotion impact incontinence lower urinary tract symptoms RISE FOR HEALTH study

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Ethnic and Racial Social Identity, Socioeconomic Position, and Women’s Bladder Health

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Social science & Medicine 2025年

作者： Sonya S. Brady Heather A. Klusaritz Chloe Falke Sheila Gahagan Jeni Hebert-Beirne Sarah B. Hortsch Kimberly Kenton Cora E. Lewis Terri H. Lipman Gerald McGwin Jesse N. Nodora Jenna M. Norton Katlin Nuscis Dulce P. Rodriguez-Ponciano Kyle D. Rudser Siobhan Sutcliffe Eliza Wilson-Powers Shayna D. Cunningham University of Minnesota Medical School Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Program in Health Disparities Research Minneapolis MN University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Philadelphia PA Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science University of Minnesota School of Public Health Minneapolis MN University of California San Diego School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics Division of Academic General Pediatrics San Diego CA University of Illinois Chicago School of Public Health Chicago IL University of Michigan School of Nursing Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences Ann Arbor MI University of Chicago Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Section of Urogynecology & Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery Chicago IL Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing Department of Family and Community Health Philadelphia PA UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences La Jolla CA Division of Kidney Urologic and Hematologic Diseases National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania University of California San Diego Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Surgery Washington University School of Medicine Departments of Surgery and Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Public Health Sciences St. Louis MO University of Connecticut School of Medicine Department of Public Health Sciences Farmington CT

To inform policies and programs designed to prevent lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and promote bladder health among different social groups, this research utilized RISE FOR HEALTH data to examine potential health inequities in LUTS and bladder health by different indices of socioeconomic position, as well as ethnic and racial social identity. data were collected in 2022-2023 from 3,322 adult women from nine regions of the United States. Higher socioeconomic position—regardless of whether it was measured as education, percent federal poverty level, or health insurance coverage and type—was associated with fewer, less frequent LUTS and better bladder health independent of ethnic and racial identity. These findings are consistent with the broader literature on LUTS, while also extending this literature to encompass different facets of bladder health, including perceived impact of bladder health status on social and occupational activities, physical activity, travel, and emotions. Poorer bladder health among women of Hispanic ethnic identity relative to Non-Hispanic White women appeared to be largely driven by socioeconomic disadvantage. Independent of socioeconomic position, women who identified as Non-Hispanic Black or Non-Hispanic Asian reported better bladder health relative to Non-Hispanic White women. Future qualitative research may be useful in identifying health promoting attitudes, behavioral habits, and intergenerational messages about caring for the bladder that can be incorporated into health promotion programs tailored to women’s ethnic and racial identity, as well as universal programs. Consistent with the World Health Organization’s Conceptual Framework for Action on Social Determinants of Health (Solar & Irwin, 2010), findings highlight the importance of policies that ensure equitable access to health promoting resources, including education, poverty-alleviating assistance, and high-quality health care. Reference: Solar, O., & Irwin, A. (2010). A co

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