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5th International Conference of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology, ICCEIB 2020

作者： Said Azmi, Siti Nur Nadhirah Mohd Fabli, Siti Nur Najwa Farhah Faisul Aris, Fathin Amila Samsu, Zainatul 'Asyiqin Mohd Asnawi, Ahmad Syafiq Fauzan Mohamed Yusof, Yuhanees Ariffin, Hidayah Syed Abdullah, Sharifah Soplah Section of BioEngineering Technology Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and BioEngineering Technology Vendor City Taboh Naning Alor Gajah Melaka78000 Malaysia Section of Chemical Engineering Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and BioEngineering Technology Vendor City Taboh Naning Alor Gajah Melaka78000 Malaysia Department of Bioprocess Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor43400 Malaysia

In this study, fresh oil palm frond (OPF) juice was explored as an alternative fermentation medium for the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) by Acetobacter xylinum 0416. The effect of surface area to volume of fermentation medium (S/V) ratio and nitrogen sources supplementation to OPF juice were investigated to improve the BC production. The S/V ratio of 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 were initially prepared using Hestrin and Schramm (HS) medium. The medium was inoculated with A. xylinum 0416 and incubated statically at 28 ± 1 °C for 10 days. The yield and properties of BC produced were measured where the highest yield and best properties obtained reflects the optimum S/V ratio. The production of BC from supplemented OPF juice with yeast extract and peptone were carried out at the same fermentation condition and optimum S/V ratio. The thickness and yield of BC obtained were measured while its characteristics were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and tensile strength. Results showed that the lowest S/V ratio at 0.25 gave the highest yield of BC, superior crystallinity and tensile strength as compared to the higher S/V ratio. SEM images of BC samples exhibited a slight difference on the surface morphology of BC network between the three S/V ratios, whilst denser BC network was obtained from OPF juice. The production of BC from OPF juice showed outstanding performance by increasing the yield up to six times higher to that produced in HS medium. Moreover, the BC exhibited superior tensile strength and crystallinity compared to the BC produced from HS medium. Therefore, the findings from this study offer a promising alternative fermentation feedstock from OPF juice for BC production. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tensile strength

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Preliminary studies on calcinated chicken eggshells as fine aggregates replacement in conventional concrete

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2020年 31卷 354-359页

作者： Nadia Razali Mohd Azri Azizan Khairul Faizal Pa'ee Nadlene Razali Nurriswin Jumadi Section of Environmental Engineering Technology Universiti Kuala Lumpur – MICET 78000 Alor Gajah Melaka Malaysia Section of Bioengineering Technology Universiti Kuala Lumpur – MICET 78000 Alor Gajah Melaka Malaysia Section of Food Engineering Technology Universiti Kuala Lumpur – MICET 78000 Alor Gajah Melaka Malaysia Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka 76100 Hang Tuah Jaya Melaka Malaysia

The growing demands for cement have proportionally affect the environment such as ecosystem alterations and pollutions. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the potential of chicken eggshell as an alternative fine aggregate in concrete mixture due to its similar high calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) content with limestone. The experimental program was developed by substituting the sands (by volume) in the conventional concrete formulation with 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of chicken eggshell powder (CEP). The eggshells were calcinated at 900 °C to produce calcium oxide (CaO) or quicklime. The samples were undergoing wet curing for the period of 28 days. Primary concrete characteristics such as pH, carbonation depth, compressive strength and sorptivity were studied. From the results, the additions of calcium oxide in the aggregates are strongly pronounced in carbonation rate (up to 42%) and compression strength (up to 58.4%). It is believed that the mechanical component of the bond has been improved with the additional calcium oxide. There are no significant differences of pH and sorptivity values between CEP and conventional concretes. The highest replacement percentage of 40% is beneficial for acceleration rate of carbonation and compressive strength. However, formulation modification is not required if the specifier is looking for pH and sorptivity performances enhancement.

关键词： Aggregates Calcine Carbonation depth Concrete Eggshell Strength development

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Application of bacterial cellulose film as a biodegradable and antimicrobial packaging material

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2020年 31卷 83-88页

作者： Khairul Azly Zahan Nur Maisarah Azizul Mahfuzah Mustapha Woei Yenn Tong Muhammad Shahrir Abdul Rahman Iylia' Syahmi Sahuri Drug Discovery and Delivery Laboratory Bioengineering Technology Section Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology Universiti Kuala Lumpur 78000 Alor Gajah Melaka Malaysia Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Faculty of Engineering Technology 64800 Parit Raja Batu Pahat Johor Malaysia Kolej MARA Kulim Biology Unit 09000 Kulim Kedah Malaysia

Nowadays, conventional petroleum-based plastic had become the third-largest solid waste volume in municipal solid waste. Although recycling plastic was aimed to minimize its quantity, the recycling process still releases toxic materials into the environment. Thus, the best solution is to use biodegradable plastic. Additionally, due to the health concern of consumers, especially over the safety of food, the packaging industry had shown greater interest in the use of bio-preservatives for antimicrobial (AM) packaging. This study aimed to develop a new biodegradable and AM packaging material from bacterial cellulose (BC) film. BC is a natural biopolymer synthesized by bacteria. Here, BC was produced through a static fermentation of Acetobacter xylinum 0416 in the Hestrin-Schramm medium, while the AM packaging was developed using a soaking method. The BC film produced was incorporated with lauric acid (LA) at different concentration (2, 4 and 6% w/v) and different soaking time (4, 14 and 24 hr). The characteristics and functionalities of the incorporated BC-LA film were analyzed for the AM activity and biodegradation test. The results depicted that incorporation of BC film with LA provides a good inhibition effect towards the growth of Bacillus subtilis , while the effect on the growth of Escherichia coli was absent. Additionally, the pure BC film also goes through more than 50% of degradation in 3 days and 100% of degradation starting from day 7 in the soil. Further investigation had determined that the responsible degrading microbes were Bacillus sp. and Rhizopus sp. As overall, this new packaging material was successfully developed and showed wide potential applications to be used in food, pharmaceutical and medical field.

关键词： Bacterial cellulose Acetobacter xylinum Packaging Biodegradable Antimicrobial Biopolymer

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Development of an Albumin-Masked mutPD-1Ig as a Tumor Lesion-Selective Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor

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ACS Omega 2023年第43期8卷 40911-40920页

作者： Chou, Chien-Yu Li, Zhi-Qin Huang, Hsiao-Chen Hung, Chung-Heng Weng, Shun-Long Tzou, Shey-Cherng Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 75 Bo-Ai Street Taiwan Hsin-Chu 300 Taiwan Department of Biological Science and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taiwan Hsin-Chu 300 Taiwan Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College Taiwan New Taipei City 207 Taiwan MacKay Junior College of Medicine Nursing and Management Taiwan Taipei City 100-116 Taiwan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital 690 Section 2 Guan-Fu Road Taiwan Hsinchu City 300 Taiwan Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center and Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology Kaohsiung Medical University Taiwan Kaohsiung 800-852 Taiwan Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B) National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taiwan Hsin-Chu 300 Taiwan

The antitumor effects elicited by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer treatments. However, severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) resulting from these treatments have restricted the application of ICIs. To overcome the adverse events, we developed a tumor lesion-selective pro-PD-1Ig that is activated by proteases overexpressed in tumors. We genetically linked albumin to the N-terminus of a modified PD-1Ig (termed mutPD-1Ig hereafter) via an MMP substrate sequence to form Alb-hinge-mutPD-1Ig. We demonstrate that the binding activity of nondigested Alb-hinge-mutPD-1Ig is approximately 11-folds lower than mutPD-1Ig. However, digestion by type IV collagenase restored the binding activity of Alb-hinge-mutPD-1Ig to a level comparable to that of native mutPD-1Ig. In order to enhance the masking efficiency of Alb-mutPD-1Ig, we simulated the effects of diverse MMP substrate linkers for connecting albumin and PD-1 at various starting positions by bioinformatics tools. Our validation experiments indicate Alb-hinge-mutPD-1Ig displayed the best masking efficiency among all simulated constructs. Our study suggests that albumin may be best applicable to mask a target protein whose binding motif is centralized and in the proximity of the N-terminus of the protein. © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.

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Physics Informed Shallow Machine Learning for Wind Speed Prediction

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Lagomarsino-Oneto, Daniele Meanti, Giacomo Pagliana, Nicolò Verri, Alessandro Mazzino, Andrea Rosasco, Lorenzo Seminara, Agnese Department of Civil Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Genoa Genoa Italy MaLGa Department of Computer Science Bioengineering Robotics and Systems Engineering University of Genoa Genoa Italy MaLGa Department of Mathematics University of Genoa Genoa Italy National Institute of Nuclear Physics Genoa Section Genoa Italy Center for Brains Minds and Machines Mit CambridgeMA United States Italian Institute of Technology Genoa Italy

The ability to predict wind is crucial for both energy production and weather forecasting. Mechanistic models that form the basis of traditional forecasting perform poorly near the ground. In this paper, we take an alternative datadriven approach based on supervised learning. We analyze a massive dataset of wind measured from anemometers located at 10 m height in 32 locations in two central and north west regions of Italy (Abruzzo and Liguria). We train supervised learning algorithms using the past history of wind to predict its value at a future time (horizon). Using data from a single location and time horizon we compare systematically several algorithms where we vary the input/output variables, the memory of the input and the linear vs non-linear learning model. We then compare performance of the best algorithms across all locations and forecasting horizons. We find that the optimal design as well as its performance vary with the location. We demonstrate that the presence of a reproducible diurnal cycle provides a rationale to understand this variation. We conclude with a systematic comparison with state of the art algorithms and show that, when the model is accurately designed, shallow algorithms are competitive with more complex deep architectures. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Wind

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Ultrafiltration performance for removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from fertilizer wastewater integrated with bio-adsorption

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期2923卷

作者： I. N. H. M. Amin M. H. M. Nizam L. Y. Ng Section of Chemical Engineering Technology (Process) Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology UniKL MICET Alor Gajah Melaka Malaysia Department of Chemical Engineering Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Jalan Sungai Long Bandar Sungai Long Cheras 43000 Kajang Selangor Malaysia

Fertilizer industries are one of the most critical industries to support agriculture industries in Malaysia. A significant amount of wastewater also producing along with fertilizer production. The wastewater contains ammoniacal nitrogen, NH3−N, and causes a real treat to fish due to its toxicity. Thus, this study aims to determine the performance of ultrafiltration process removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from fertilizer wastewater incorporated with bio-adsorption process by using different feed solution chemistry and temperature. The sample was obtained from a fertilizer company located at Gurun, Kedah. The obtained sample contains NH3-N and solely used for this study only. Membrane material of polyethersulfone (PES) was used for this study. As for the bio-adsorption process, bio-adsorbent which made from banana peel was used. The removal of NH3-N was investigated at solution pH values of 10.30 and 7 for different temperature. The results showed the highest NH3−N removal was 80.07% obtained under condition of p. 10.30 and 30°C. Hence, this combined process is feasible for significantly removing NH3−N from fertilizer wastewater. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for surface membrane morphology characterization. Atomic force microscope (AFM) was employed to investigate membrane surface roughness. Results of AFM indicated that membrane fouling becomes more severe when surface roughness increasing, which was measured by the surface area difference where magnitude and frequency of surface peaks were taken to accounts. Flux decline was correlated to the surface roughness.

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Effect of pandan extract concentration to chromium (IV) removal using bacterial cellulose-pandan composites prepared by in-situ modification technique

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2020年 31卷 89-95页

作者： Ida Idayu Muhamad Siti Nur Hidayah Muhamad Mohd Harfiz Salehudin Khairul Azly Zahan Woei Yenn Tong Norhayati Pa'e School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia Faculty of Engineering Technology Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia 86400 Parit Raja Batu Pahat Johor Malaysia Drug Discovery and Delivery Laboratory Bioengineering Technology Section Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology Universiti Kuala Lumpur 78000 Alor Gajah Melaka Malaysia

Bacterial cellulose (BC) possesses high hydrophilicity and mechanical strength which suitable for the development of film, membrane and adsorbent materials. The morphology and properties of BC can be altered during fermentation by incorporation of additives not specifically required for the growth of bacteria in the fermentation medium. Therefore, active materials can be incorporated into BC matrices to form new composites for different applications. In this research, BC was produced from a static fermentation of Acetobacter xylinum . Applying the in-situ modification technique, pandan extract (PE) was added to the fermentation medium to form bacterial cellulose-pandan (BC-P) composite. PE contains 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) compound consists of cyclic nitrogen and ketone groups that could be functional in metals biosorption. Different percentages of PE (25–100%) were added to examine their impact on the BC yield. Then, the BC-P composites were tested with synthetic wastewater containing chromium (VI) (Cr(VI)) for its removal study. The result shows that an increased percentage of PE added during fermentation led to the increased in BC yield. Consequently, the use of BC-P composites in the Cr(VI) removal studies resulted in the enhanced of removal efficiency up to 42% higher than the native BC. In conclusion, 2AP compound was successfully incorporated into BC matrices during fermentation by in-situ modification technique to form an active BC-P composite. Hence, the newly developed BC-P composites have presented excellent potential as an alternative for heavy metal removal in wastewater treatment.

关键词： Bacterial cellulose Acetobacter xylinum Chromium (IV) Biosorbent Heavy metal removal Wastewater

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Optimization of Fractional Freezing Process for Orange Juice Concentration

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2019年 19卷 1591-1598页

作者： Nor Zanariah Safiei Nur Farah Najian Danuri Maisarah Khalisah Rosly Shahrulzaman Shaharuddin Food Technology Section Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology Melaka Malaysia

In this research, fractional freezing (FF) was introduced to replace the conventional evaporation to concentrate fruit juice which usually require a higher energy and cost demand. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the process, as well as to investigate the effect of coolant temperature and freezing time towards the efficiency of the concentration process to concentrate orange juice which is represented by Vitamin C increment and Effective Partition Constant ( K ). Subsequently, a validation experiment was conducted to validate the predicted optimum conditions given by RSM. From the result, the optimum value of Vitamin C increment (45%) and K value (0.78) were found at coolant temperature of -8°C and 30 minutes of freezing time, with error for both responses less than 10% from prediction.

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Effect of dosage of composite cellulose-chitosan-magnetite-alginate hydrogel beads bio-sorbent on copper removal

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期2923卷

作者： Aida Syafiqah Abdul Rahman Nor Afifah Khalil Mohd Faizar Banjar Ahmad Noor Syimir Fizal Norkhairi Ahmad Ahmad Naim Ahmad Yahaya Md. Sohrab Hossain Muzafar Zulkifli Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology 78000 Alor Gajah Melaka Malaysia Industrial Linkages Section Branch Campus Malaysian France Institute Universiti Kuala Lumpur 43650 Bandar Baru Bangi Selangor Malaysia Green Chemistry and Sustainability Cluster Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology 78000 Alor Gajah Melaka Malaysia School of Technology Industry Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia Aerocomposite Cluster Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology University Kuala Lumpur 43900 Sepang Selangor Malaysia

A composite hydrogel beads bio-sorbent was introduced through this work by cross-linking cellulose, chitosan, magnetite, and alginate (CCMA) for removal of heavy metal copper. The effect of CCMA’s dosage and contact time in adsorbate solution was also studied through this work to determine the highest percentage of copper metal, Cu (II) removal. Based on the effect of CCMA dosage and adsorption contact time in copper solution studied, an excellent percentage of Cu (II) removal of 97.47% was achieved at 4g of CCMA dosage and 24-hour contact time to reach its adsorption equilibrium state. Moreover, the thermal properties and stability of CCMA investigated through TGA analysis in this work revealed that the thermal stability of CCMA was significantly improved with a high mass residual of 92.35% compared to cellulose and chitosan powder. Thus, it is proven that the cross-linking of cellulose-chitosan-magnetite-alginate (CCMA) in this work was successfully done.

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Optimization of leaching parameters for maximum extraction of gold (Au) from printed circuit board (PCB) of electronic waste (e-waste) through Taguchi method

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期2923卷

作者： Nor Nabiha Md Zan Faiz Aiman Tan Muhamad Faizul Tan Ninie Suhana Abdul Manan Yuhanees Mohamed Yusof Chemical Engineering Section Universiti Kuala Lumpur-Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET) Lot 1988 Vendor City Taboh Naning 78000 Alor Gajah Melaka Malaysia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Malaya Lembah Pantai 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are the primary component of electrical and electronic devices, as well as a valuable and precious metal sources due to its great economic value. Gold (Au) is mainly used in jewelry and electronics. In the electronics industry, Au is used as contact materials or plating layers because of its excellent electric conductivity and chemical stability. The rapid growth of technology caused in the replacement of obsolete electrical and electronic instruments, which has resulted in an increase in waste PCBs from electronic equipment. In this study, the statistical optimization of the leaching parameters of gold (Au) extraction from electronic waste (e-waste) such as PCBs using iodine/iodide leaching solution added with sodium hypochlorite was investigated. Optimum experimental conditions were investigated with the application of the Taguchi method using L16 Taguchi Orthogonal Array (OA) at four levels with five factors at each level. The extraction parameters were temperature, leaching time, iodine/iodide ratio, oxidant dosage and solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio. The preliminary study verifies that the proposed Taguchi method is good at determining the optimal process parameter at various levels. The result reveals the optimum parameters for Au extracted from e-waste are in a solution containing iodine/iodide solution and sodium hypochlorite at a ratio of 1:8, 60 minutes leaching time, temperature of 90oC, S/L ratio of 1:5 and 10% oxidant resulted in the highest Au concentration among all leaching tests.

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