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Effect of dosage of composite cellulose-chitosan-magnetite-alginate hydrogel beads bio-sorbent on copper removal

AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期2923卷

作者： Aida Syafiqah Abdul Rahman Nor Afifah Khalil Mohd Faizar Banjar Ahmad Noor Syimir Fizal Norkhairi Ahmad Ahmad Naim Ahmad Yahaya Md. Sohrab Hossain Muzafar Zulkifli Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology 78000 Alor Gajah Melaka Malaysia Industrial Linkages Section Branch Campus Malaysian France Institute Universiti Kuala Lumpur 43650 Bandar Baru Bangi Selangor Malaysia Green Chemistry and Sustainability Cluster Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology 78000 Alor Gajah Melaka Malaysia School of Technology Industry Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia Aerocomposite Cluster Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology University Kuala Lumpur 43900 Sepang Selangor Malaysia

A composite hydrogel beads bio-sorbent was introduced through this work by cross-linking cellulose, chitosan, magnetite, and alginate (CCMA) for removal of heavy metal copper. The effect of CCMA’s dosage and contact time in adsorbate solution was also studied through this work to determine the highest percentage of copper metal, Cu (II) removal. Based on the effect of CCMA dosage and adsorption contact time in copper solution studied, an excellent percentage of Cu (II) removal of 97.47% was achieved at 4g of CCMA dosage and 24-hour contact time to reach its adsorption equilibrium state. Moreover, the thermal properties and stability of CCMA investigated through TGA analysis in this work revealed that the thermal stability of CCMA was significantly improved with a high mass residual of 92.35% compared to cellulose and chitosan powder. Thus, it is proven that the cross-linking of cellulose-chitosan-magnetite-alginate (CCMA) in this work was successfully done.

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Optimization of leaching parameters for maximum extraction of gold (Au) from printed circuit board (PCB) of electronic waste (e-waste) through Taguchi method

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期2923卷

作者： Nor Nabiha Md Zan Faiz Aiman Tan Muhamad Faizul Tan Ninie Suhana Abdul Manan Yuhanees Mohamed Yusof Chemical Engineering Section Universiti Kuala Lumpur-Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET) Lot 1988 Vendor City Taboh Naning 78000 Alor Gajah Melaka Malaysia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Malaya Lembah Pantai 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are the primary component of electrical and electronic devices, as well as a valuable and precious metal sources due to its great economic value. Gold (Au) is mainly used in jewelry and electronics. In the electronics industry, Au is used as contact materials or plating layers because of its excellent electric conductivity and chemical stability. The rapid growth of technology caused in the replacement of obsolete electrical and electronic instruments, which has resulted in an increase in waste PCBs from electronic equipment. In this study, the statistical optimization of the leaching parameters of gold (Au) extraction from electronic waste (e-waste) such as PCBs using iodine/iodide leaching solution added with sodium hypochlorite was investigated. Optimum experimental conditions were investigated with the application of the Taguchi method using L16 Taguchi Orthogonal Array (OA) at four levels with five factors at each level. The extraction parameters were temperature, leaching time, iodine/iodide ratio, oxidant dosage and solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio. The preliminary study verifies that the proposed Taguchi method is good at determining the optimal process parameter at various levels. The result reveals the optimum parameters for Au extracted from e-waste are in a solution containing iodine/iodide solution and sodium hypochlorite at a ratio of 1:8, 60 minutes leaching time, temperature of 90oC, S/L ratio of 1:5 and 10% oxidant resulted in the highest Au concentration among all leaching tests.

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Typology of Malay Traditional House and its Response to The Thermal Environment

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2019年 19卷 1761-1770页

作者： H. Saad A.S.N. Abdullah M.E. Azni Z. Yaacob M.S. Ghazali M.N. Zahari M.N. Mahmud A.B.A. Hakim Section of Polymer and Environment Technology Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology Alor Gajah Melaka Malaysia Section of Technical Foundation Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology Alor Gajah Melaka Malaysia

Rumah Limas Melaka which located at Chalet Warisan Puan, Alor Gajah was a traditional house that is still maintaining almost 70% of its traditional criteria. Traditional criteria of a building envelope design always become a concern about its ability to provide a comfort towards the users in this current climate. In this study, the focus was to evaluate the indoor thermal performance of this house, as well as to investigate and analyzed the indoor thermal condition by using psychrometric and heat index theories. A field experiment was carried out to obtain the needed parameters using thermocouple type J acquisition by HOBO logger, Anemometer, and IAQ Quest Temp34. The parameters were obtained at three different zones; A ( rumah ibu) , B ( rumah tengah) and C ( rumah dapur) for 14 days. Thermal energy calculation was done, and zone B was found as the most discomfort zone amongst others as it gains the highest energy needed to cool the space. Thus, it has least efficient of heat transfer due to the least ventilation provided and narrow in space that prevents adequate air flow from the outside. In overall, Rumah Limas Melaka shows to have a poor thermal performance yet still acceptable for the occupants with openings space allow easy passage of air and good cross ventilation.

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Modification of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 with amine groups for improved antibacterial activity

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2021年 46卷 2024-2029页

作者： Nazerah Ahmad Nik Abdul Hadi Md Nordin Juhana Jaafar Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek Ahmad Fauzi Ismail Mohd Khairul Naim Ramli Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia Section of Process Engineering Technology Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET) Lot 1988 Bandar Vendor Taboh Naning 78000 Alor Gajah Melaka Malaysia Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP) 32610 Seri Iskandar Perak Malaysia Department of Biosciences Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) 81310 UTM Skudai Johor Malaysia

The exploration of the metal–organic framework (MOFs) as a promising alternative for disinfection applications has not yet widely recognized. The flexibility of its structural diversity and large surface area with large pore size allows guest molecules to be stored and their ability to release metal ions has provided great prospect to generate high potent antibacterial activity for environmental applications. In this study, a rapid and straightforward post modification method for zeolitic imidazole framework 8 (ZIF-8) was developed through amine groups' introduction using ammonium hydroxide solution with improved antibacterial properties. The effect of different volume of ammonium hydroxide loadings towards ZIF-8 properties and its antibacterial activity was carefully examined. The result of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed a successful modification of ZIF-8 with amine due to the presence of the N–H group; however, a significant decrease was observed in the BET surface area. The samples' antibacterial potency was tested against Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 as Gram-negative and positive bacteria type strains, using disc diffusion (DDT) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing, respectively. ZNH 20 was found to have the most potent antibacterial efficacy, with the MIC value needed to prevent bacterial growth two times lower than that of unmodified ZIF-8. The presence of positively charged amine groups promotes electrostatic adsorption of negatively charged membrane bacteria cells, which substantially enhanced the antibacterial activity of the modified sample. The synergistic effects of amine groups as well as zinc metal (Zn 2+ ) in the modified ZIF-8 increased the antibacterial activity of the material and thus, making it suitable as antibacterial agents for water purification and biomedical applications.

关键词： Metal organic framework Zeolitic imidazolate framework Antibacterial activity Amine modified Post modification Antibacterial agent

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Osmotic concentration of succinic acid by forward osmosis:Influence of feed solution pH and evaluation of seawater as draw solution

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第5期26卷 976-983页

作者： Jeng Yih Law Abdul Wahab Mohammad Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Section of Chemical Engineering Technology Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology

In this study, we investigated the essential role of feed solution pH so as to gain insights into the transport mechanisms of succinic acid concentration by osmotically-driven forward osmosis （FO） process. FO performances including water flux and bidirectional transport of succinate and chloride anions were systematically examined using cellulose triacetate-based FO membrane. Additionally, real seawater was explored as draw solution. Experimental results revealed that the pH-dependent speciation of succinic acid can affect the FO performances. Ionization of succinic acid at higher solution pH enhanced the osmotic pressure of feed solution, thus leading to lower water flux performance. A strong effect was pointed out on the succinate rejection for which nearly 100% rejections were achieved at pH above its pKa2 value. The rejection of succinate increased in the following order of chemical form： C2H4C2O4H2 〈 C2H4C2OH- 〈 C2H4C2O24-. With real seawater as the draw solution, low to moderate water fluxes （〈4 L. m- 2. h- 1 ） were observed. The divalent succinate anion was highly retained in the feed side despite differences in the succinic acid feed concentration at pH of approximately 6.90.

关键词： Forward osmosis Succinic acid pH Transport mechanism Seawater

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Development of sodium alginate-pectin biodegradable active food packaging film containing cinnamic acid

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Chemosphere 2023年第1期336卷 139212页

作者： Tong, Woei Yenn Ahmad Rafiee, Abdu Raouf Leong, Chean Ring Tan, Wen-Nee Dailin, Daniel Joe Almarhoon, Zainab M. Shelkh, Mohamed Nawaz, Alam Chuah, Lai Fatt Universiti Kuala Lumpur Institute of Medical Science Technology A1 1 Jalan TKS 1 Taman Kajang Sentral Selangor Kajang43000 Malaysia Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology Lot 1988 Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor Taboh Naning Alor Gajah Melaka Malaysia Chemistry Section School of Distance Education Universiti Sains Malaysia Minden Penang11800 Malaysia Institute of Bioproduct Development Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Skudai81310 Malaysia Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Skudai81310 Malaysia Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongsan 712-749 Korea Republic of Faculty of Maritime Studies Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Terengganu Malaysia

Plastics are still the most popular food packaging material and many of them end up in the environment for a long period. Due to packaging material's inability to inhibit microbial growth, beef often contains microorganisms that affect its aroma, colour and texture. Cinnamic acid is categorized as generally recognised as safe and is permitted for use in food. The development of biodegradable food packaging film with cinnamic acid has never been conducted before. This present study was aimed to develop a biodegradable active packaging material for fresh beef using sodium alginate and pectin. The film was successfully developed with solution casting method. The films' thickness, colour, moisture level, dissolution, water vapour permeability, bending strength and elongation at break were comparable to those of polyethylene plastic film in terms of these attributes. The developed film also showed the degradability in soil of 43.26% in a duration of 15 days. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra showed that cinnamic acid was successfully incorporated with the film. The developed film showed significant inhibitory activity on all test foodborne bacteria. On Hohenstein challenge test, a 51.28–70.45% reduction on bacterial growth was also observed. The antibacterial efficacy of the established film by using fresh beef as food model. The meats wrapped with the film showed significant reduction in bacterial load throughout the experimental period by 84.09%. The colour of the beef also showed significant different between control film and edible film during 5 days test. Beef with control film turned into dark brownish and beef with cinnamic acid turn into light brownish. Sodium alginate and pectin film with cinnamic acid showed good biodegradability and antibacterial activity. Further studies can be conducted to investigate the scalability and commercial viability of this environmental-friendly food packaging materials. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Beef

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Catalytic graphitization of Oil Palm Frond using iron and silica

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2020年 31卷 211-216页

作者： Afiqah Samsul Kamal Noor Hafidzah Jabarullah Rapidah Othman Department of Chemical Engineering Section Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology Bandar Vendor Lot 1988 19 78000 Alor Gajah Malacca Malaysia University Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology Jalan Jenderam Hulu Kampung Jenderam Hulu 43900 Sepang Selangor Malaysia

Graphitic carbon has raised great interest in many industrial areas including adsorbent, electrodes, hydrogen storage, and many more. This paper report simple method of transforming biomass waste into highly crystalline graphite. Graphitic structure is successfully obtained by direct transformation of lignocellulosic waste via simple methodology consist of (i) carbonization at 500 °C, (ii) impregnation of catalyst followed by thermal treatment by using Ferum and Silica as catalyst. A green biomass resource, Oil Palm Frond (OPF) was used as carbon precursor due to it abundant availability. This study is focusing on the correlation between the structural transformation of carbon material dependence on heat treatment temperature and catalyst dosage. Both Raman spectroscopy and XRD allowed the observation of microstructural change of the sample prepared at broad temperature ranges from 1000 °C to 1400 °C. From XRD pattern, sample prepared at higher amount of Ferum impregnated shows intensified peak at 2θ = 26.5° and it also shows that at higher heat treatment temperature sharper and narrower (0 0 2) peak observed. Indicating higher degree of graphitization was achieved. Raman spectrum also suggest accordance finding with XRD in which sample prepared without catalyst and with 40% catalyst at 1200 °C, show different I d /I g value 1.05 and 0.4 respectively. Higher I d /I g ratio indicate the presence of large amount of amorphous carbon. The comparison on heat treatment temperature also suggest that, at higher temperature lower I d /I g ratio were observed. The sample were also analyse using FT-IR spectroscopy to study on change of functional group after graphitization. This result indicate significant correlation between temperature and catalyst ratio on degree of graphitization. Overall graphitic structure was successfully synthesis, it structural transformation can be tailored dependence on the synthesis condition.

关键词： Biomass precursor Carbon Graphitization Graphite Carbonization

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Nutritional profile and heavy metal contamination of nursery, grower, and finisher feeds of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Bangladesh

Food Chemistry Advances

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Food Chemistry Advances 2023年 2卷

作者： Bhowmik, Shuva Dewanjee, Sanchita Islam, Shabiha Saha, Debasish Banik, Partho Hossain, Md. Kamal Rahman, Matiur Mamun, Md. Zia Uddin Al Mamun, Abdullah-Al Department of Fisheries and Marine Science Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali 3814 Bangladesh Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine Faculty of Dentistry Division of Health Sciences University of Otago Dunedin 9054 New Zealand Department of Food Science University of Otago Dunedin 9054 New Zealand Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali 3814 Bangladesh Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton T6G 2E3 Canada Soil and Environment Research Section Biological Research Division BCSIR Laboratories Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Dhaka 1205 Bangladesh National Food Safety Laboratory Institute of Public Health Mohakhali Dhaka 1212 Bangladesh Institute of Food Science and Technology BCSIR Dhaka-1205 Bangladesh

Tilapia, the third most cultured fish, is a part of the daily diet of more than 50% of the population of Bangladesh. Thus, adequate nutrition and toxic metal-free tilapia fish feeds are the prerequisites of sustainable aquaculture. The present study was carried out to investigate the nutritional profile and heavy metal pollution in nursery, grower, and finisher types of feeds of tilapia commercially available in Bangladesh. The proximate composition (moisture, protein, lipid, ash, crude fibre, and carbohydrate), mineral nutrients, fatty acid profile, and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn) of feed samples were assessed. Low protein content and the absence of essential fatty acids mark the feeds as low-quality diets. A significant amount of trace metals were also detected in the feeds, posing a direct threat to the health of the fish and, ultimately, to consumers. The results revealed the highest Zn concentration in all tilapia feed samples. The descending order of heavy metal concentrations was identified as Zn>Ni>Pb>Cu>Cr in nursery feeds, Zn>Cu>Cr in grower feeds, and Zn>Ni>Cu>Cr>Cd in finisher feeds. Pb and Cr values were higher than the recommended values set by FAO. Therefore, strong monitoring is recommended to ensure the optimum quality and safety feeds. © 2023 The Author(s)

关键词： Fatty acid nutrition Heavy metal Pearson correlation Proximate composition Tilapia feed

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Microbial population interaction with natural soil cover for soil management

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2020年 31卷 347-353页

作者： Elmy-Nahida Othman Amelia Md Som Nor Hadirah Iskandar Section of Environmental Engineering Technology Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET) Bandar Vendor Taboh Naning 78000 Alor Gajah Melaka Malaysia Faculty Bioresource and Food Industry Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Kampus Besut Tembila Kg. Tembila 22200 Besut Terengganu Malaysia

Soil composition plays a crucial role in balancing and maintaining our terrestrial ecosystem, which is home to various plants, microorganisms and abiotic components. Some techniques and methods have been applied to restore soil composition and protection from the harsh environment. One of the methods is to use natural soil cover (NSC). NSC may improve fertility and maintain soil integrity by promoting microbial population. Prepared NSC composition were varied, with basic build material of coconut coir (CC) 64% w/w, empty fruit bunch (EFB) 32% w/w and banana fibres for sowing. Additional components were fertilizer and biochar 2% w/w of NSC. Physicochemical and biological characteristics were determined before and during the applications of the NSC. Near-surface microbial population changes were evaluated to assess the interactions with NSC. The pH of soils underneath all NSC showed an increasing trend within 1.27 to 1.96 from the initial pH as well as an increase in the organic matter within 1 to 2% w/w. Increased soil pH has promoted the growth of gram-positive cocci, bacilli and black spores fungal in the soil samples. NSC application has shown to promote the evolution of microbial population in retaining moisture, soil fertility and soil integrity in avoiding erosion.

关键词： Natural soil cover Microbial composition Soil infertility Soil erosion

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The myriad therapeutic benefits of Aloe vera and its endophytes – A review

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期2923卷

作者： Md Abu Taher Syarifah Ab Rashid Tong Woei Yenn Leong Chean Ring Teo Siew Hway Wen-Nee Tan Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology Lot 1988 Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor Taboh Naning 78000 Alor Gajah Melaka Malaysia Universiti Kuala Lumpur Institute of Medical Science Technology (MESTECH) A1 1 Jalan TKS 1 Taman Kajang Sentral 43000 Kajang Selangor Malaysia Chemistry Section School of Distance Education Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Minden Penang Malaysia

Endophytes are a group of bacteria, fungi and/or actinomycetes that live near intercellular or intracellular tissues of a host plant without causing any disease symptoms. Both endophytes and host plant manifest their reciprocal relationship by providing a spacious shelter, nutrients as well as a shield system against pests and animals. Almost all living plants that grow in many parts of the earth are resided by endophytes, including Aloe vera. This plant owns exceptional biological profiles, which are evidenced by antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antiviral properties. As per a current report, more than 75 actives are isolated from A. vera. These include polysaccharides, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, minerals, and phenolic substances. A unique communication between A. vera and endophytes has permitted the microbial occupants to mimic the production of these bio-actives. In respect of pharmaceutical significance, this event promises a high potency to novel drugs discovery. Thus, several currently isolated bioactive compounds and their therapeutic values from A. vera and its endophytes have been chosen in this review. The discovery of novel bioactive compounds may become an excellent foundation against lethal diseases in humans.

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