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Distributed fiber optic sensors for tunnel monitoring:A state-of-the-art review

Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2024年第9期16卷 3841-3863页

作者： Xuehui Zhang Honghu Zhu Xi Jiang Wout Broere Geo-Engineering Section Department of Geoscience and EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyDelft2628CNthe Netherlands School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing210023China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong KongChina

Distributed fiber optic sensors(DFOSs)possess the capability to measure strain and temperature variations over long distances,demonstrating outstanding potential for monitoring underground *** study presents a state-of-the-art review of the DFOS applications for monitoring and assessing the deformation behavior of typical tunnel infrastructure,including bored tunnels,conventional tunnels,as well as immersed and cut-and-cover *** systems based on Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering principles are both *** implementing DFOS monitoring,the fiber optic cable can be primarily installed along transverse and longitudinal directions to(1)measure distributed strains by continuously adhering the fiber to the structure’s surface or embedding it in the lining,or(2)measure point displacements by spot-anchoring it on the lining *** are four critical aspects of DFOS monitoring,including proper selection of the sensing fiber,selection of the measuring principle for the specific application,design of an effective sensor layout,and establishment of robust field sensor *** four issues are comprehensively discussed,and practical suggestions are provided for the implementation of DFOS in tunnel infrastructure monitoring.

关键词： Distributed fiber optic sensor(DFOS) Tunnel infrastructure Distributed strain sensing Point displacement monitoring Field instrumentation

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Experimental study on workability and permeability of sandy soils conditioned with thickened foam

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2024年第2期16卷 532-544页

作者： Zhiyao Feng Shuying Wang Tongming Qu Xiangcou Zheng Fanlin Ling School of Civil Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha410075China Tunnel and Underground Engineering Research Center Central South UniversityChangsha410075China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClearwater BayKowloon999077Hong KongChina Geo-Engineering Section Delft University of TechnologyDelft999025Netherlands

Water spewing and muck plugging often occur during earth pressure balance(EPB)shield machines tunnelling in water-rich sandy strata,even though the conventional foam has been employed to condition sandy *** this study,a novel thickened foaming agent suitable for EPB shield tunnelling in water-rich sandy strata is *** contrast to conventional foam-conditioned sands,the thickened foam-conditioned sand has a low permeability due to the consistent filling of soil pores with the thickened foam,and the initial permeability coefficient decreases by approximately two orders of *** also exhibits a suitable workability,which is attributed to the enhanced capability of the thickened foam to condition sandy *** addition,the effect of concentration on the stability of the foam is explained by the Gibbs-Marangoni effect,and conditioning mechanisms for the thickened foam on sands are discussed from the evolution of foam bubbles.

关键词： Earth pressure balance(EPB)shield Thickened foam Foam-conditioned sand Permeability Workability

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Back-Up LED Lighting System with a Bidirectional SEPIC-ZETA Converter Based-A Computer Study 8

Back-Up LED Lighting System with a Bidirectional SEPIC-ZETA ...

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8th Junior Conference on Lighting, Lighting 2023

作者： Antchev, Hristo Andonov, Anton Borisov, Dimitar University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy Section of Electrical Engineering and Electronics Sofia Bulgaria University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy Environmental Engineering Sofia Bulgaria

ISBN: (纸本)9798350328295

In the present work, a back-up power supply system for LED lighting, including a DC voltage source, a bidirectional SEPIC-ZETA converter, an ultracapacitor and a control system is considered. The study was carried out by means of a computer simulation, showing operating time diagrams in the different modes. The operation of the control system and the functions of the regulators included in it are described. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Supercapacitor

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Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Column Test on Compacted Bentonite Buffer: Experimental Setup Development and Preliminary Results

Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Column Test on Compacted Bentonite B...

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Indian Geotechnical Conference, IGC 2022

作者： Prasad Nayak, Banavath Bag, Ramakrishna Acharya, A. Bajpai, R.K. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Patna Patna801106 India Repository Engineering Section Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai400001 India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819727032

Compacted smectite clays/bentonites are being used as buffer material in deep geological repository (DGR) considered as suitable solution for isolating high level radioactive waste. In the DGR, the compacted smectite clay undergoes coupled thermal, hydraulic, and mechanical (THM) loading conditions. This paper presents a state-of-the art experimental setup developed to study THM behavior of buffer material and preliminary results obtained from THM experiment. The equipment was designed at IIT Patna and commissioned by HEICO Ltd. Various sensors were attached to cylindrical soil sample (15 × 10°cm) to find out change in various properties such as soil moisture tension, temperature and swelling pressure at pre-selected locations with time. All these sensors were connected to the data logger for monitoring the results. Thermal and thermo-hydraulic tests were conducted in two stages. In the first stage, temperature was applied with gradual increment up to 90 °C from bottom of soil sample. In the second stage, after attaining the uniform temperature at particular depths, water was supplied from top of soil sample. In the first stage of the experiment, test results showed that the temperature at various locations equilibrated within about 14°h, thereafter, no significant variation in temperature was noted. Swelling pressure showed an increasing trend during the coupled thermal and hydraulic loadings. In accordance with experimental findings, THM behavior of smectite clays, which serve as a buffer material in deep geological repositories, can be assessed using reliable data from a newly developed column device. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Soil moisture

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CeO_(2)-clay composites for ultra-long cycle life electrochemical capacitive energy storage application

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Journal of Rare Earths 2023年第5期41卷 728-739,I0004页

作者： Shan-Shan Chai Wei-Bin Zhang Jing-Lei Yang Lun Zhang Xiong-Wei Han Myat Myintzu Theint Xue-Jing Ma College of Materials and Chemistry&Chemical Engineering Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China Mineral Development Section for the International Relation Department of MinesMinistry of Natural Resources and Environmental ConversationNay Pyi Taw15011Myanmar

The lattice expansion caused by the reduction of Ce(Ⅳ)to Ce(Ⅲ)impeded the development of the CeO_(2)as an effective electrode material for electrochemical ***,we prepared CeO_(2)-clay composites through a one-step hydrothermal *** interlayer structures of clays efficiently accommodate volume changes induced by crystal lattice expansion to achieve ultra-long cycle *** 60000 charge-discharge cycles,the capacitance retention rate of the assembled asymmetric supercapacitors is as high as~-100%.The key findings of this work reveal the potential application of clays in achieving ultralong cycle stability of the CeO_(2)electrode material,paving the way for further application of the CeO_(2)in electrochemical energy storage.

关键词： Cerium dioxide Clay mineral Cycle life Electrochemical supercapacitor Rareearths

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Life cycle exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) induces filial toxicity and population decline in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

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environmental Science and Pollution Research 2024年第21期31卷 31467-31478页

作者： Yen, Hsin Huang, Chi-Wei Wu, Chien-Hou Liao, Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd. Taipei106 Taiwan Department of Marine Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung811 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences National Tsing Hua University 101 Section 2 Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu300 Taiwan

Titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2-NP) exposure has raised significant concern due to their potential toxicity and adverse ecological impacts. Despite their ubiquitous presence in various environmental compartments, the long-term consequences of TiO2-NPs remain poorly understood. In this study, we combined data of in vivo toxicity and modeling to investigate the potential negative impacts of TiO2-NP exposure. We employed the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, an environmental organism, to conduct a full life cycle TiO2-NP toxicity assays. Moreover, to assess the potential impact of TiO2-NP toxicity on population dynamics, we applied a stage-constructed matrix population model (MPM). Results showed that TiO2-NPs caused significant reductions in reproduction, survival, and growth of parental C. elegans (P0) at the examined concentrations. Moreover, these toxic effects were even more pronounced in the subsequent generation (F1) when exposed to TiO2-NPs. Furthermore, parental TiO2-NP exposure resulted in significant toxicity in non-exposed C. elegans progeny (TiO2-NPs free), adversely affecting their reproduction, survival, and growth. MPM analysis revealed decreased transition probabilities of surviving (Pi), growth (Gi), and fertility (Fi) in scenarios with TiO2-NP exposure. Additionally, the population growth rate (λmax) was found to be less than 1 in both P0 and F1, indicating a declining population trend after successive generations. Sensitivity analysis pinpointed L1 larvae as the most vulnerable stage, significantly contributing to the observed population decline in both P0 and F1 generations under TiO2-NP exposure. Our findings provide insight into the potential risk of an environmental organism like nematode by life cycle exposure to TiO2-NPs. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Experimental study of coal spontaneous combustion high-temperature region spreading characteristics

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Process Safety and environmental Protection 2023年 180卷 136-147页

作者： Zhao, Jingyu Yang, Xiaocheng Song, Jiajia Zhang, Yongli Shu, Chi-Min School of Safety Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an710054 China Shaanxi Industrial Process Safety and Emergency Rescue Engineering Technology Research Centre Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an710054 China Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Rd. Section 3 DouliouYunlin64002 Taiwan

To solve the difficult problem of determining the change law of key point temperature and gas during the motion of high temperature area inside the coal mine seam, this study used the simulation platform of coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) development to investigate the temperature, gas concentration, functional group migration, and change rule of key points with layers in the holistic process of high-temperature region (HTR) spreading of Wen-Zhuang coalmine in Shanxi province, China. The analysis involved the dynamic change rule among temperature, oxygen consumption rate, CO, and C2H4. Finally, with the gray correlation method, the changes of the dominant functional groups released by CO and C2H4 were explored, which revealed the transport rule between the functional groups and the regional spreading in the HTR spreading process. The results show that the temperature of coal body and the rate of oxygen consumption gradually decreased with the deepening of coal layers. Among them, as the coal seam burns, the coal body will appear to "collapse", along with the phenomenon of "re-ignition";at the combustion point temperature of each coal layer, the activity of the oxygen-containing functional group was the largest, the activity of hydroxyl group was the smallest, and the activity of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons was similar. Among them, the hydroxyl group, aromatic hydrocarbon, and oxygen-containing functional group had the same trend changing with the deepening of the layers, exhibiting a trend of first decreasing after increasing and later decreasing, and positively correlated with the ignition temperature of each layer. The trend of aliphatic hydrocarbon was opposite to the trend of other functional groups and negatively correlated with the ignition temperature of each layer. The research results of this paper can be used for disaster prevention in the HTR of mine fires, and parameters, such as indicator gases, functional groups and temperature, can be used t

关键词： Coal

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Experimental study on the operating performance of the air source heat pump(ASHP)with variable outdoor airflow rate under the standard frosting condition

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Energy and Built Environment 2024年第5期5卷 719-726页

作者： Shimin Liang Han Wang Xuefeng Gao Xiaohui Tian Hui Zhu Songtao Hu Chunwen Lin School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyNo.11 Fushun RoadShibei DistrictQingdaoShandong 266033China Guangzhou Nenyin Heat Pump Technology Co. No.39Pangjiang Dongcun SectionShilian RoadDalong StreetPanyu DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong 511400China

Frosting is a common phenomenon of the ASHP under the heating mode in winter,and the outdoor air flow rate flowing through the evaporator of the ASHP was always thought to be a major *** order to validate its contribution,effects of outdoor fan airflow rate on the performance of air source heat pumps(ASHPs)were investigated under the winter heating *** experiment was conducted in a laboratory at the standard 2℃ air dry bulb temperature(DB)/1℃ air wet bulb temperature(WB)frosting condition,which enabled the analysis of the operating performance,frosting performance,and heating performance of the ASHP unit by changing the airflow rate of the outdoor *** showed that as the airflow rate of the outdoor fan reduced from 100%to 36%,the operating performance decline and the elevated frosting-defrosting loss were ***,both the frosting rate and the operating efficiency during frosting-defrosting cycles showed an increasing trend then followed by decreasing *** maximum frosting rate and operating efficiency were 0.92 g/m^(2).min and 2.92,respectively,which were observed at 74%airflow rate of the outdoor fan of the ASHP *** observation implied the existence of the“minimum frosting suppression airflow rate”.At 36%airflow rate of the outdoor fan of the ASHP unit,however,the performance of the ASHP unit was attenuated greatly,with the frosting-defrosting efficiency loss coefficient of 0.47,the heating capacity and COP reduction by 51.5 and 38.8%,*** findings provided significant references to the optimization of ASHPs performance with variable airflow rate of the outdoor fan under frosting conditions.

关键词： ASHP Variable outdoor airflow rate Frosting Heating performance

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Effect of acid rain on chemical structure and rheological properties of bitumen at different depths 7th

Effect of acid rain on chemical structure and rheological pr...

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7th Chinese-European Workshop on Functional Pavements, CEW 2023

作者： Zou, Yingxue Chen, Anqi Wu, Shaopeng Li, Yuanyuan Gao, Yangming Amirkhanian, Serji State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China Section of Pavement Engineering Faculty of Civil Engineering & Geosciences Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering University of Alabama Tuscaloosa United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781032480923

The rapid development of economy has led to an increase of acid rain that can react with the bitumen physically and chemically, causing further damage to the bitumen properties. Therefore, the effects of acid rain on the chemical composition and rheological properties of bitumen at different depths were investigated in this study. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dynamic shear rheometer tests were performed on the bitumen samples after immersion in acid rain. The results show that in the early stage of immersion, acid rain leads to carbonyl dissolution, reduction of complex modulus, increase of phase angle, and softening of bitumen, thus improving the fatigue cracking resistance. In the late stage of immersion, bitumen is gradually oxidized to form carbonyl group. The change degree of complex modulus and phase angle decreases, and the fatigue cracking resistance is weakened with time. The effect of acid rain on the fatigue cracking resistance fluctuates more for bitumen at 0~50 μm and is more stable for bitumen at 50~100 μm. Keywords: bitumen, acid rain, chemical structure, rheological properties, fatigue cracking Resistance © 2024 The Author(s).

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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Development of intelligent Municipal Solid waste Sorter for recyclables

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Waste Management 2024年 174卷 597-604页

作者： Lin, Yu-Hao Mao, Wei-Lung Fathurrahman, Haris Imam Karim Department of Environmental Engineering National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Rd. Taichung402 Taiwan Environmental Education and Sustainable Technology Research and Development Center National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Rd. Taichung402 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Road Section 3 Yunlin Douliou64002 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering Ahmad Dahlan University Jl. Kapas No.9 Semaki Kec. Umbulharjo Kota Yogyakarta Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55166 Indonesia

Sorting Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has helped promote the awareness of sustainable development of environment. A robot equipped with an intelligent deep learning (DL) detection algorithm have been proposed to improve the sorting task. But most of the related studies aimed to better the DL algorithms on MSW detection, and few studies integrated the DL algorithms with a robot to identify the dominated factors to Intelligent MSW Sorter (IMSWS). Therefore, this study is to develop IMSWS prototype to better sort MSW, based on the pick-and-place process, and preliminarily evaluate the dominated factors. First, the delta robot prototype was manufactured, and IMSWS was performed with a camera to acquire the RGB image and the height of a MSW in the conveyor belt. The DL algorithm, YOLOv3 or YOLOv4, detected the type and plane location of the MSWs in the conveyor belt. Next, the sequence program transferred the valid MSW data to the delta robot. After the calculation of the absorbed location of the target MSW was made, the arm of this delta robot moved to absorb and then transfer the MSW to the bin. Results showed that the IMSWS prototype could sort the multi-object MSWs in the MSW stream. Both YOLOv3 and YOLOv4 reached high detection accuracy on the MSW image dataset. However, the improvement should be made in the actually moving MSW stream even though the YOLOv4 performed the acceptable detection accuracy. The gripping stability of the arm mainly dominated the performance of IMSWS, and this should be improved first. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Municipal solid waste

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