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IEEE Potentials 2016年第5期35卷 36-39页

作者： Vuorinen, Jukka Tetri, Pekka Unit of Sociology University of Turku Turku Finland Oulu Secure Programming Group University of Oulu Oulu Finland

In this article, we approach information security from a novel perspective as we examine its unintended ramifications and its paradoxes. Information security and cybersecurity are necessities of modern societies. Simply put, services that are based on information and communication technologies would not function without information security. Thus, information security can easily tend to be thought of in only positive terms, as it ensures and facilitates our way of life. © 1988-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Cybersecurity

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Graphingwiki - A semantic wiki extension for visualising and inferring protocol dependency

Graphingwiki - A semantic wiki extension for visualising and...

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1st Workshop on Semantic Wikis - From Wiki to Semantics, SemWiki 2006 - Co-located with the ESWC 2006

作者： Eronen, Juhani Röning, Juha Secure Programming Group Computer Engineering Laboratory University of Oulu FIN-90014 Oulu Finland

This paper introduces the Graphingwiki extension toMoinMoin Wiki. Graphingwiki enables the deepened analysis of the Wiki data by augmenting it with semantic data in a simple, practical and easy-to-use manner. Visualisation tools are used to clarify the resulting body of knowledge so that only the data essential for an usage scenario is displayed. Logic inference rules can be applied to the data to perform automated reasoning based on the data. Perceiving dependencies among network protocols presents an example use case of the framework. The use case was applied in practice in mapping effects of software vulnerabilities on critical infrastructures.

关键词： Visualization

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The social in technical attacks - Questioning the bifurcation in the field of information security 10

The social in technical attacks - Questioning the bifurcatio...

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10th International Conference on ICT, Society and Human Beings

作者： Vuorinen, Jukka Tetri, Pekka Economic Sociology Department of Social Research University of Turku Finland Oulu University Secure Programming Group University of Oulu Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9789898533678

This paper examines the social in information security. We argue that there is always a social aspect in technical information security attacks. By using Erving Goffman's sociological concept of "frame", we analyse the social in different illustrative contexts, in which technical attacks are compared with social engineering attacks. Through examining the concept of normality, we found that social engineering attacks and technical attacks can resemble each other. In both attack forms, the intruders can hide their actions in the flow of normality. Thus, we question the fertility of information security's bifurcation into the two separate branches (technical/social). Instead of thinking the technical as separated and free of the social, we argue that the social is present everywhere in the field of security, including the technical side as well. All security is social in the first place. © 2017.

关键词： Security of data

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Multicollisions and graph-based hash functions

Multicollisions and graph-based hash functions

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3rd International Conference on Trusted Systems, INTRUST 2011

作者： Halunen, Kimmo Oulu University Secure Programming Group Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Oulu P.O. Box 4500 90014 Oulu Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9783642322976

In this paper, we present some generalisations of previous multicollision finding methods and apply these against a new type of tree-based hash functions. We also show that the very general class of hash functions first presented by Nandi and Stinson can be understood as graph-based hash functions and a graph theoretical approach can be utilised in studying their properties. Previously, an efficient multicollision attack has been found against the basic iterated hash function construction. This method has been applied to the generalised iterated hash functions and binary tree-based hash functions. We show that similar methods can be utilised also against t-ary tree-based hash functions, simplify some definitions and conjecture a similar result for multicollisions against graph-based hash functions. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Hash functions

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Exploiting causality and communication patterns in network data analysis

Exploiting causality and communication patterns in network d...

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IEEE Workshop on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks (LANMAN)

作者： Pekka Pietikainen Joachim Viide Juha Roning Oulu University Secure Programming Group University of Oulu Oulu Finland

Detecting the root-cause of failures in modern, complex networks is tedious. Understanding the problem fully requires good instrumentation and thorough understanding of the information flows in the network. In this paper, we describe two techniques for understanding the information flows and pinpointing the problems in them: causal relationship extraction and communication pattern detection. We instrumented a network with probes. The probes collect all the data from the network into a ringbuffer and index it, making it possible to either quickly retrieve flows and packets associated to them for further analysis. Our software then extracts and visualizes causal relationships between the events. The causal relationship extraction and communication pattern detection proved to be an effective method for pinpointing the cause of network system failures, understanding security risks and managing complexity. Our research prototype demonstrates a method for making problem solving faster and more systematic. The methods can also be used to detect emerging problems proactively.

关键词： Data analysis Data mining Instruments Probes Complex networks Information retrieval Data visualization Communication system security Risk management Software prototyping

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Computationally Efficient Early Prognosis of the Outcome of Comatose Cardiac Arrest Survivors Using Slow-Wave Activity Features in EEG 50

Computationally Efficient Early Prognosis of the Outcome of ...

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50th Computing in Cardiology, CinC 2023

作者： Salminen, Miikka Partala, Juha Vayrynen, Eero Kortelainen, Jukka Cerenion Oy Oulu Finland University of Oulu Oulu University Secure Programming Group Biomimetics and Intelligent Systems Group Oulu Finland University of Oulu Physiological Signal Analysis Team Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis Mrc Oulu Oulu Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9798350382525

This study, part of 'Predicting Neurological Recovery from Coma After Cardiac Arrest: The George B. Moody PhysioNet Challenge 2023', evaluated a computationally efficient method in predicting cardiac arrest (CA) survivors' prognoses using electroencephalography (EEG) recordings of a dataset provided for participants. Authors' team Cerenion developed a random forest based machine learning algorithm. A feature set of channel-by-channel root mean square power of a well-described neurophysiological EEG phenomenon called slow-wave activity (SWA), with time elapsed since CA, was used. Five-fold cross-validation, using 80 % of the provided training set of EEG recordings from 607 out of 1020 patients, was used for evaluation. The held-out 20 % of data were used for testing and evaluating a final model trained on the full 80 % of the training data. Cross-validated results, evaluated at 72 hours after CA, for predicting the outcome were: AUROC 70 %, AUPRC 78 %, accuracy 68 %, F-measure 64 %. Evaluating the challenge metric on the training data at times of 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after CA provided scores of: 0.32, 0.40, 0.64, and 0.58, respectively. The hidden validation and test sets were not used, earning no rank. The results show promise in using SWA power features in predicting the outcomes of comatose CA patients. © 2023 CinC.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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On the Security of VSH in Password Schemes

On the Security of VSH in Password Schemes

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International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security, ARES

作者： Kimmo Halunen Pauli Rikula Juha Röning Department of Electrical and Information Engineering Oulu University Secure Programming Group Oulu Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9780769531021

In this paper we improve Saarinen's method for finding preimages of very smooth hash (VSH) hash values and generalise it to some of the variants of VSH proposed by Contini et al. VSH is a new hash function that has been proved to be collision resistant under similar assumptions on the factoring of large integers as the RSA cipher. Saarinen has developed a method for finding preimages of VSH hash values and in his paper he gave an example of its application to 169-bit VSH and 4-character passwords consisting of lowercase alphabets. Because there were no results on the practical effectiveness of this approach with cryptographically significant security parameters, we give some results on the time and memory required to find the preimages of 8-character alphanumeric passwords secured by 1024-bit and 2048-bit VSH on quite modest hardware. In our study we implemented both the original VSH and the cubing variant of VSH. Our results show that both Saarinen's method and our method can find preimages of password hash values very quickly and that our method is faster in many cases. Our method also uses reusable tables that can be used to find the preimages of subsequent hash values faster than with the original method.

关键词： Information security Cryptography Hardware Availability Reliability engineering Cultural differences Digital signatures Proposals

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Vulnerability dependencies in antivirus software

Vulnerability dependencies in antivirus software

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2nd International Conference on Emerging Security Information, Systems and Technologies, SECURWARE 2008

作者： Askola, Kreetta Puuperä, Rauli Pietikäinen, Pekka Eronen, Juhani Laakso, Marko Halunen, Kimmo Röning, Juha Department of Electrical and Information Engineering Secure Programming Group Oulu University P.O. Box 4500 90014 Oulu Finland Finnish Communications Regulatory Authority FICORA Itämerenkatu 3a 00181 Helsinki Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9780769533292

In this paper we present an application of the MATINE method for investigating dependencies in antivirus (AV) software and some vulnerabilities arising from these dependencies. Previously, this method has been effectively used to find vulnerabilities in network protocols. Because AV software is as vulnerable as any other software and has a great security impact, we decided to use this method to find vulnerabilities in AV software. These findings may have implications to critical infrastructure, for the use of AV is often considered obligatory. The results were obtained by gathering semantic data on AV vulnerabilities, analyisis of the data and content analysis of media follow-up. The results indicate, that different aspects of AV software should be observed in the context of critical infrastructure planning and management. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Critical infrastructures

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Socio-technical Security Assessment of a VoIP System

Socio-technical Security Assessment of a VoIP System

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International Conference on Emerging Security Information, Systems, and Technologies (secureWare)

作者： Pekka Pietikäinen Kati Karjalainen Juha Röning Juhani Eronen Oulu University Secure Programming Group (OUSPG) University of Oulu Oulu Finland Finnish Communications Regulatory Authority (FICORA) Helsinki Finland

In this paper, we introduce a method and a tool for systematically assessing the security of complex systems. We gather data from interviews, network documentation as well as active and passive network measurements and combine them in a semantic model with our tool, Graphingwiki. We tested our methodology on an active large-scale VoIP system. The multifaceted data gathering and analysis method was fast and extensive and proved to be effective in finding the weaknesses of the system. The method provided a repeatable method of measuring and ensuring the security of the system. The largest benefit of the method is in quick and efficient data collection from several, differing, data sources and the resulting analyses of the combined data.

关键词： Interviews Documentation Security Semantics Data visualization Logic gates Organizations

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Combinatorial multicollision attacks on generalized iterated hash functions

Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technolo...

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Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series 2010年 105卷 86-93页

作者： Halunen, Kimmo Kortelainen, Juha Kortelainen, Tuomas Oulu University Secure Programming Group Department of Electrical and Information Engineering University of Oulu Finland Department of Information Processing Science University of Oulu Finland Mathematics Division Department of Electrical and Information Engineering University of Oulu Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781920682866

We develop a word combinatorial approach to multi-collisions in generalized iterated hash functions. The work rests on the notable discoveries of A. Joux and on generalizations provided by M. Nandi and D. Stin-son as well as J. Hoch and A. Shamir. New results and improvements to some previously published ones are produced. We also wish to unify the diverse notations and bring the results together by applying concepts of combinatorics on words. A multicollision attack method informally described by Hoch and Shamir is presented as a statistical procedure and analyzed in detail. © 2010, Australian Computer Society, Inc.

关键词： Combinatorial mathematics

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