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26th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS*2017): Part 3 Antwerp, Belgium. 15-20 July 2017 Abstracts

BMC NEUROSCIENCE 2017年第SUPPL 1期18卷 95-176页

作者： [Anonymous] Department of Neuroscience Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA Department Physiology & Pharmacology SUNY Downstate Brooklyn NY 11203 USA NYU School of Engineering 6 MetroTech Center Brooklyn NY 11201 USA Departament de Matemàtica Aplicada Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona 08028 Spain Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerrannée (INMED) INSERM UMR901 Aix-Marseille Univ Marseille France Center of Neural Science New York University New York NY USA Aix-Marseille Univ INSERM INS Inst Neurosci Syst Marseille France Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modélisation CNRS UMR 8089 Université de Cergy-Pontoise 95300 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex France Department of Mathematics and Computer Science ENSAT Abdelmalek Essaadi’s University Tangier Morocco Laboratory of Natural Computation Department of Information and Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics University of Salerno 84084 Fisciano SA Italy Department of Medicine University of Salerno 84083 Lancusi SA Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi Aldo Moro Bari and INFN Sezione Di Bari Italy Data Analysis Department Ghent University Ghent Belgium Coma Science Group University of Liège Liège Belgium Cruces Hospital and Ikerbasque Research Center Bilbao Spain BIOtech Department of Industrial Engineering University of Trento and IRCS-PAT FBK 38010 Trento Italy Department of Data Analysis Ghent University Ghent 9000 Belgium The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging University College London London WC1N 3BG UK Department of Electronic Engineering NED University of Engineering and Technology Karachi Pakistan Blue Brain Project École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Departement of Mathematics Swansea University Swansea Wales UK Laboratory for Topology and Neuroscience at the Brain Mind Institute École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Institute of Mathematics University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK Department of Integrativ

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Search for extended sources in the galactic plane using 6 years of Fermi-Large area telescope pass 8 data above 10 GeV

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bellazzini, R. Bissaldi, E. Bloom, E.D. Bonino, R. Bottacini, E. Brandt, T.J. Bregeon, J. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Cameron, R.A. Caragiulo, M. Caraveo, P.A. Castro, D. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C.C. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Cohen, J.M. Costantin, D. Costanza, F. Cutini, S. D’Ammando, F. de Palma, F. Desiante, R. Digel, S.W. Di Lalla, N. Di Mauro, M. Di Venere, L. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S.J. Ferrara, E.C. Franckowiak, A. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Green, D. Grenier, I.A. Grondin, M.-H. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Harding, A.K. Hays, E. Hewitt, J.W. Horan, D. Hou, X. Jóhannesson, G. Kamae, T. Kuss, M. la Mura, G. Larsson, S. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Li, J. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lubrano, P. Magill, J.D. Maldera, S. Malyshev, D. Manfreda, A. Mazziotta, M.N. Michelson, P.F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Monzani, M.E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I.V. Negro, M. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Ormes, J.F. Paliya, V.S. Paneque, D. Perkins, J.S. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Petrosian, V. Piron, F. Porter, T.A. Principe, G. Rainò, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Sgrò, C. Simone, D. Siskind, E.J. Spada, F. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Suson, D.J. Tak, D. Thayer, J.B. Thompson, D.J. Torres, D.F. Tosti, G. Troja, E. Vianello, G. Wood, K.S. Wood, M. Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY ZeuthenD-15738 Germany Department of Physics and Astronomy Clemson University Kinard Lab of Physics ClemsonSC29634-0978 United States Università di Pisa Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa PisaI-56127 Italy Laboratoire AIM CEA-IRFU CNRS Université Paris Diderot Service d’Astrophysique CEA Saclay Gif sur YvetteF-91191 France Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Trieste TriesteI-34127 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Trieste TriesteI-34127 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova PadovaI-35131 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei" Università di Padova PadovaI-35131 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa PisaI-56127 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bari BariI-70126 Italy W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Department of Physics SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771 United States Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier Université Montpellier CNRS/IN2P3 MontpellierF-34095 France Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet École polytechnique CNRS/IN2P3 PalaiseauF-91128 France Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari BariI-70126 Italy INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica Milano via E. Bassini 15 MilanoI-20133 Italy Science Data Center RomaI-00133 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Perugia PerugiaI-06123 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Perugia PerugiaI-06123 Italy College of Science George Mason University Fairfax VA22030 United States Naval Research Laboratory Washi

The spatial extension of a γ-ray source is an essential ingredient to determine its spectral properties as well as its potential multi-wavelength counterpart. The capability to spatially resolve γ-ray sources is greatly improved by the newly delivered Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) Pass 8 event-level analysis which provides a greater acceptance and an improved point spread function, two crucial factors for the detection of extended sources. Here, we present a complete search for extended sources located within 7◦ from the Galactic plane, using 6 years of Fermi-LAT data above 10 GeV. We find 46 extended sources and provide their morphological and spectral characteristics. This constitutes the first catalog of hard Fermi-LAT extended sources, named the Fermi Galactic Extended Source Catalog, which allows a thorough study of the properties of the Galactic plane in the sub-TeV domain. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gamma rays

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Signatures of triaxiality in low-spin spectra of 86Ge

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2018年第1期1023卷

作者： M. Lettmann V. Werner N. Pietralla P. Doornenbal A. Obertelli T.R. Rodríguez K. Sieja G. Authelet H. Baba D. Calvet F. Château S. Chen A. Corsi A. Delbart J.-M. Gheller A. Giganon A. Gillibert V. Lapoux T. Motobayashi M. Niikura N. Paul J.-Y. Roussé H. Sakurai C. Santamaria D. Steppenbeck R. Taniuchi T. Uesaka T. Ando T. Arici A. Blazhev F. Browne A. Bruce R.J. Caroll L.X. Chung M.L. Cortés M. Dewald B. Ding F. Flavigny S. Franchoo M. Górska A. Gottardo A. Jungclaus J. Lee B.D. Linh J. Liu Z. Liu C. Lizarazo S. Momiyama K. Moschner S. Nagamine N. Nakatsuka C. Nita C.R. Nobs L. Olivier Z. Patel Zs. Podolyák M. Rudigier T. Saito C. Shand P.-A. Söderström I. Stefan V. Vaquero K. Wimmer Z. Xu Institut für Kernphysik Technische Universität Darmstadt 64289 Darmstadt Germany RIKEN Nishina Center 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan CEA Centre de Saclay IRFU/Service de Physique Nucléaire 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France Departamento de Física Teórica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Spain IPHC CNRS/IN2P3 et Université de Strasbourg 67037 Strasbourg France State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing 100871 P.R. China Department of Physics University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH 64291 Darmstadt Germany Institut für Kernphysik Universität zu Köln 50937 Köln Germany School of Computing Engineering and Mathematics University of Brighton Brighton BN2 4GJ United Kingdom Department of Physics University of Surrey Guildford GU2 7XH United Kingdom Institute for Nuclear Science & Technology VINATOM P.O. Box 5T-160 Nghia Do Hanoi Vietnam Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 P.R. China Institut de Physique Nucléaire Orsay IN2P3-CNRS 91406 Orsay Cedex France Instituto de Estructura de la Materia CSIC 28006 Madrid Spain Department of Physics The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong Department of Physics Faculty of Science Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH) 077125 Bucharest Romania KU Leuven Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica 3001 Leuven Belgium

Low-spin states of neutron-rich 84,86,88Ge were measured by in-flight γ-ray spectroscopy at 270 MeV/u at the RIKEN-RIBF facility. The exotic beams have been produced by primary 238U in-flight fission reactions and impinged on the MINOS device. MINOS combines a 10-cm long LH2 target with a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) to reconstruct the reaction vertices. The reactions were selected by the BigRIPS and the ZeroDegree spectrometers for the incoming and outgoing channels, respectively. Emitted γ radiation was detected by the NaI-array DALI2. De-excitations from the , , and states of 84,86Ge and and states of 88Ge were observed. The data are compared to state-of-the-art shell model and beyond-mean-field calculations. Furthermore, a candidate for a state of 86Ge was identified. This state plays a key role in the discussion of ground-state triaxiality of 86Ge, along with other features of the low-energy level scheme. This work was published in [1].

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Author Correction: Contribution of Ryugu-like material to Earth’s volatile inventory by Cu and Zn isotopic analysis

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Nature Astronomy 2023年 633页

作者： Marine Paquet Frederic Moynier Wei Dai Yan Hu Martin Bizzarro Marc Chaussidon Tetsuya Yokoyama Ikshu Gautam Makiko K. Haba Akira Ishikawa Yuki Masuda Yoshinari Abe Jérôme Aléon Conel M. O’D. Alexander Richard W. Carlson Larry Nittler Sachiko Amari Yuri Amelin Ken-ichi Bajo Noriyuki Kawasaki Sohei Wada Hisayoshi Yurimoto Audrey Bouvier Byeon-Gak Choi Nicolas Dauphas Andrew M. Davis Tommaso Di Rocco Andreas Pack Wataru Fujiya Ryota Fukai Tomohiro Usui Kanako Sakamoto Masanao Abe Akiko Miyazaki Aiko Nakato Masahiro Nishimura Tatsuaki Okada Toru Yada Kasumi Yogata Satoru Nakazawa Takanao Saiki Satoshi Tanaka Yuichi Tsuda Makoto Yoshikawa Yuki Hibiya Hiroshi Hidaka Sei-ichiro Watanabe Hisashi Homma Peter Hoppe Gary R. Huss Alexander N. Krot Kazuhide Nagashima Kiyohiro Ichida Shintaro Komatani Mayu Morita Morihiko Onose Tsuyoshi Iizuka Trevor R. Ireland Motoo Ito Takaaki Noguchi Shoichi Itoh Noriko T. Kita Kouki Kitajima Thorsten Kleine Ming-Chang Liu Kevin D. McKeegan Lauren Tafla Haolan Tang Edward D. Young Kazuko Motomura Izumi Nakai David Nesvorný Ann N. Nguyen Changkun Park Laurette Piani Liping Qin Sara S. Russell Naoya Sakamoto Maria Schönbächler Kentaro Terada Yasuko Terada Meenakshi Wadhwa Richard J. Walker Katsuyuki Yamashita Qing-Zhu Yin Shigekazu Yoneda Hiroharu Yui Ai-Cheng Zhang Tomoki Nakamura Hiroshi Naraoka Ryuji Okazaki Hikaru Yabuta Fuyuto Terui Shogo Tachibana Université Paris Cité Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris CNRS Paris France Centre for Star and Planet Formation GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan Graduate School of Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Tokyo Denki University Tokyo Japan Institut de Minéralogie de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie Sorbonne Université Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle CNRS UMR 7590 IRD Paris France Earth and Planets Laboratory Carnegie Institution for Science Washington DC USA McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences and Physics Department Washington University St. Louis MO USA Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China Natural History Sciences IIL Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan Bayerisches Geoinstitut Universität Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany Department of Earth Science Education Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of the Geophysical Sciences and Enrico Fermi Institute The University of Chicago Chicago IL USA Faculty of Geosciences and Geography University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany Faculty of Science Ibaraki University Mito Japan ISAS/JSEC JAXA Sagamihara Japan General Systems Studies The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Earth and Planetary Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya Japan Osaka Application Laboratory SBUWDX Rigaku Corporation Osaka Japan Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz Germany Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology University of Hawai’i at Mānoa Honolulu HI USA Analytical Technology Horiba Techno Service Co. Ltd Kyoto Japan Earth and Planetary Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research JAMSTEC Kochi Japan Earth and Planetary Sciences Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Geoscience Universit

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Measurement of the high-energy gamma-ray emission from the Moon with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

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Physical Review D 2016年第8期93卷 082001-082001页

作者： M. Ackermann M. Ajello A. Albert W. B. Atwood L. Baldini G. Barbiellini D. Bastieri R. Bellazzini E. Bissaldi R. D. Blandford R. Bonino E. Bottacini J. Bregeon P. Bruel R. Buehler G. A. Caliandro R. A. Cameron M. Caragiulo P. A. Caraveo E. Cavazzuti C. Cecchi A. Chekhtman J. Chiang G. Chiaro S. Ciprini R. Claus J. Cohen-Tanugi F. Costanza A. Cuoco S. Cutini F. D’Ammando A. de Angelis F. de Palma R. Desiante S. W. Digel L. Di Venere P. S. Drell C. Favuzzi S. J. Fegan W. B. Focke A. Franckowiak S. Funk P. Fusco F. Gargano D. Gasparrini N. Giglietto F. Giordano M. Giroletti T. Glanzman G. Godfrey I. A. Grenier J. E. Grove S. Guiriec A. K. Harding J. W. Hewitt D. Horan X. Hou G. Iafrate G. Jóhannesson T. Kamae M. Kuss S. Larsson L. Latronico J. Li L. Li F. Longo F. Loparco M. N. Lovellette P. Lubrano J. Magill S. Maldera A. Manfreda M. Mayer M. N. Mazziotta P. F. Michelson W. Mitthumsiri T. Mizuno M. E. Monzani A. Morselli S. Murgia E. Nuss N. Omodei E. Orlando J. F. Ormes D. Paneque J. S. Perkins M. Pesce-Rollins V. Petrosian F. Piron G. Pivato S. Rainò R. Rando M. Razzano A. Reimer O. Reimer T. Reposeur C. Sgrò E. J. Siskind F. Spada G. Spandre P. Spinelli H. Takahashi J. B. Thayer D. J. Thompson L. Tibaldo D. F. Torres G. Tosti E. Troja G. Vianello B. L. Winer K. S. Wood M. Yassine F. Cerutti A. Ferrari P. R. Sala Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY D-15738 Zeuthen Germany Department of Physics and Astronomy Clemson University Kinard Lab of Physics Clemson South Carolina 29634-0978 USA W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California at Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California 95064 USA Università di Pisa and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Trieste I-34127 Trieste Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Trieste I-34127 Trieste Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova I-35131 Padova Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei” Università di Padova I-35131 Padova Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bari I-70126 Bari Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Torino I-10125 Torino Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Generale “Amadeo Avogadro” Università degli Studi di Torino I-10125 Torino Italy Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier Université Montpellier CNRS/IN2P3 F-34095 Montpellier France Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet École polytechnique CNRS/IN2P3 F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex France Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS) I-10133 Torino Italy Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari I-70126 Bari Italy INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica I-20133 Milano Italy Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center I-00133 Roma Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Perugia I-06123 Perugia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Perugia I-06123 Perugia

We have measured the gamma-ray emission spectrum of the Moon using the data collected by the Large Area Telescope onboard the Fermi satellite during its first seven years of operation, in the energy range from 30 MeV up to a few GeV. We have also studied the time evolution of the flux, finding a correlation with the solar activity. We have developed a full Monte Carlo simulation describing the interactions of cosmic rays with the lunar surface. The results of the present analysis can be explained in the framework of this model, where the production of gamma rays is due to the interactions of cosmic-ray proton and helium nuclei with the surface of the Moon. Finally, we have used our simulation to derive the cosmic-ray proton and helium spectra near Earth from the Moon gamma-ray data.

关键词： Cosmic ray sources Cosmic rays & astroparticles Gamma ray astronomy Solar cycles

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OBSERVATIONS OF M31 AND M33 WITH THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE: A GALACTIC CENTER EXCESS IN ANDROMEDA?

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Albert, A. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bellazzini, R. Bissaldi, E. Bloom, E.D. Bonino, R. Bottacini, E. Brandt, T.J. Bregeon, J. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Cameron, R.A. Caputo, R. Caragiulo, M. Caraveo, P.A. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Costanza, F. Cutini, S. D’Ammando, F. de Palma, F. Desiante, R. Digel, S.W. Di Lalla, N. Di Mauro, M. Di Venere, L. Favuzzi, C. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Green, D. Grenier, I.A. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hayashi, K. Hou, X. Jóhannesson, G. Kamae, T. Knödlseder, J. Kong, A.K.H. Kuss, M. la Mura, G. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Li, J. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lubrano, P. Maldera, S. Malyshev, D. Manfreda, A. Martin, P. Mazziotta, M.N. Michelson, P.F. Mirabal, N. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Monzani, M.E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I.V. Negro, M. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J.F. Paneque, D. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T.A. Principe, G. Rainò, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, O. Sánchez-Conde, M. Sgrò, C. Simone, D. Siskind, E.J. Spada, F. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Tanaka, K. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D.F. Troja, E. Uchiyama, Y. Wang, J.C. Wood, K.S. Wood, M. Zaharijas, G. Zhou, M. Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY ZeuthenD-15738 Germany Department of Physics and Astronomy Clemson University Kinard Lab of Physics ClemsonSC29634-0978 United States Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States Università di Pisa Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa PisaI-56127 Italy Laboratoire AIM CEA-IRFU CNRS Université Paris Diderot Service d’Astrophysique CEA Saclay Gif sur YvetteF-91191 France Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Trieste TriesteI-34127 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Trieste TriesteI-34127 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova PadovaI-35131 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei" Università di Padova PadovaI-35131 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa PisaI-56127 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bari BariI-70126 Italy W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Department of Physics SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771 United States Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier Université Montpellier CNRS/IN2P3 MontpellierF-34095 France Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet École polytechnique CNRS/IN2P3 PalaiseauF-91128 France Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics Department of Physics Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California at Santa Cruz Santa CruzCA95064 United States Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari BariI-70126 Italy INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica Milano via E. Bassini 15 MilanoI-20133 Italy Science Data Center RomaI-00133 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fi

The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has opened the way for comparative studies of cosmic rays (CRs) and high-energy objects in the Milky Way (MW) and in other, external, star-forming galaxies. Using 2 yr of observations with the Fermi LAT, Local Group galaxy M31 was detected as a marginally extended gamma-ray source, while only an upper limit has been derived for the other nearby galaxy M33. We revisited the gamma-ray emission in the direction of M31 and M33 using more than 7 yr of LAT Pass 8 data in the energy range 0.1−100 GeV, presenting detailed morphological and spectral analyses. M33 remains undetected, and we computed an upper limit of 2.0×10−12 erg cm−2 s−1 on the 0.1−100 GeV energy flux (95% confidence level). This revised upper limit remains consistent with the observed correlation between gamma-ray luminosity and star-formation rate tracers and implies an average CR density in M33 that is at most half of that of the MW. M31 is detected with a significance of nearly 10σ. Its spectrum is consistent with a power law with photon index Γ = 2.4±0.1stat+syst and a 0.1−100 GeV energy flux of (5.6±0.6stat+syst)×10−12 erg cm−2 s−1. M31 is detected to be extended with a 4σ significance. The spatial distribution of the emission is consistent with a uniform-brightness disk with a radius of 0◦.4 and no offset from the center of the galaxy, but nonuniform intensity distributions cannot be excluded. The flux from M31 appears confined to the inner regions of the galaxy and does not fill the disk of the galaxy or extend far from it. The gamma-ray signal is not correlated with regions rich in gas or star-formation activity, which suggests that the emission is not interstellar in origin, unless the energetic particles radiating in gamma rays do not originate in recent star formation. Alternative and nonexclusive interpretations are that the emission results from a population of millisecond pulsars dispersed in the bulge and disk of M31 by disrupted globular clusters or from

关键词： Galaxies

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Deciphering colorectal cancer genetics through multi-omic analysis of 100,204 cases and 154,587 controls of European and east Asian ancestries (vol 55, pg 89, 2023)

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NATURE GENETICS 2023年第3期55卷 519-520页

作者： Fernandez-Rozadilla, Ceres Timofeeva, Maria Chen, Zhishan Law, Philip Thomas, Minta Schmit, Stephanie Diez-Obrero, Virginia Hsu, Li Fernandez-Tajes, Juan Palles, Claire Sherwood, Kitty Briggs, Sarah Svinti, Victoria Donnelly, Kevin Farrington, Susan Blackmur, James Vaughan-Shaw, Peter Shu, Xiao-ou Long, Jirong Cai, Qiuyin Guo, Xingyi Lu, Yingchang Broderick, Peter Studd, James Huyghe, Jeroen Harrison, Tabitha Conti, David Dampier, Christopher Devall, Mathew Schumacher, Fredrick Melas, Marilena Rennert, Gad Obon-Santacana, Mireia Martin-Sanchez, Vicente Moratalla-Navarro, Ferran Oh, Jae Hwan Kim, Jeongseon Jee, Sun Ha Jung, Keum Ji Kweon, Sun-Seog Shin, Min-Ho Shin, Aesun Ahn, Yoon-Ok Kim, Dong-Hyun Oze, Isao Wen, Wanqing Matsuo, Keitaro Matsuda, Koichi Tanikawa, Chizu Ren, Zefang Gao, Yu-Tang Jia, Wei-Hua Hopper, John Jenkins, Mark Win, Aung Ko Pai, Rish Figueiredo, Jane Haile, Robert Gallinger, Steven Woods, Michael Newcomb, Polly Duggan, David Cheadle, Jeremy Kaplan, Richard Maughan, Timothy Kerr, Rachel Kerr, David Kirac, Iva Bohm, Jan Mecklin, Lukka-Pekka Jousilahti, Pekka Knekt, Paul Aaltonen, Lauri Rissanen, Harri Pukkala, Eero Eriksson, Johan Cajuso, Tatiana Hanninen, Ulrika Kondelin, Johanna Palin, Kimmo Tanskanen, Tomas Renkonen-Sinisalo, Laura Zanke, Brent Mannisto, Satu Albanes, Demetrius Weinstein, Stephanie Ruiz-Narvaez, Edward Palmer, Julie Buchanan, Daniel Platz, Elizabeth Visvanathan, Kala Ulrich, Cornelia Siegel, Erin Brezina, Stefanie Gsur, Andrea Campbell, Peter Chang-Claude, Jenny Hoffmeister, Michael Brenner, Hermann Slattery, Martha Potter, John Tsilidis, Konstantinos Schulze, Matthias Gunter, Marc Murphy, Neil Castells, Antoni Castellvi-Bel, Sergi Moreira, Leticia Arndt, Volker Shcherbina, Anna Stern, Mariana Pardamean, Bens Bishop, Timothy Giles, Graham Southey, Melissa Idos, Gregory McDonnell, Kevin Abu-Ful, Zomoroda Greenson, Joel Shulman, Katerina Lejbkowicz, Flavio Offit, Kenneth Su, Yu-Ru Steinfelder, Robert Keku, Temitope van Guelpen, Bethany Hudson, Thomas Hampel, Heather Pearlman, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre Institute of Genomics and Cancer University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK Genomic Medicine Group Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago Santiago de Compostela Spain Colon Cancer Genetics Group Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit Institute of Genetics and Cancer University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK Danish Institute for Advanced Study Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark Division of Epidemiology Department of Medicine Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA Division of Genetics and Epidemiology Institute of Cancer Research London UK Public Health Sciences Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA USA Genomic Medicine Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH USA Population and Cancer Prevention Program Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Cleveland OH USA Colorectal Cancer Group ONCOBELL Program Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute Barcelona Spain Oncology Data Analytics Program Catalan Institute of Oncology Barcelona Spain Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health Madrid Madrid Spain Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health University of Washington Seattle WA USA Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK Department of Public Health Richard Doll Building University of Oxford Oxford UK Department of Biomedical Informatics Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA Department of Preventive Medicine USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Center for Public Health Genomics Department of Public Health Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA Department of Populat

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. We conducted a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of 100,204 CRC cases and 154,587 controls of European and east Asian ancestry, identifying 205 independent risk associations, of which 50 were unreported. We performed integrative genomic, transcriptomic and methylomic analyses across large bowel mucosa and other tissues. Transcriptome- and methylome-wide association studies revealed an additional 53 risk associations. We identified 155 high-confidence effector genes functionally linked to CRC risk, many of which had no previously established role in CRC. These have multiple different functions and specifically indicate that variation in normal colorectal homeostasis, proliferation, cell adhesion, migration, immunity and microbial interactions determines CRC risk. Crosstissue analyses indicated that over a third of effector genes most probably act outside the colonic mucosa. Our findings provide insights into colorectal oncogenesis and highlight potential targets across tissues for new CRC treatment and chemoprevention strategies.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Epigenomics Genome-wide association studies Transcriptomics

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Gene expression imputation across multiple brain regions provides insights into schizophrenia risk (vol 51, pg 659, 2019)

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NATURE GENETICS 2019年第6期51卷 1068-1068页

作者： Huckins, Laura M. Dobbyn, Amanda Ruderfer, Douglas M. Hoffman, Gabriel Wang, Weiqing Pardinas, Antonio F. Rajagopal, Veera M. Als, Thomas D. Nguyen, Hoang T. Girdhar, Kiran Boocock, James Roussos, Panos Fromer, Menachem Kramer, Robin Domenici, Enrico Gamazon, Eric R. Purcell, Shaun Demontis, Ditte Borglum, Anders D. Walters, James T. R. O'Donovan, Michael C. Sullivan, Patrick Owen, Michael J. Devlin, Bernie Sieberts, Solveig K. Cox, Nancy J. Im, Hae Kyung Sklar, Pamela Stahl, Eli A. Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA Department of Genetics and Genomics Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA Department of Psychiatry Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics Cardiff University Cardiff UK Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research iPSYCH Denmark Center for Integrative Sequencing Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Department of Human Genetics David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA Human Brain Collection Core National Institute of Mental Health Bethesda MD USA Laboratory of Neurogenomic Biomarkers Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO) University of Trento Trento Italy Clare Hall University of Cambridge Cambridge UK University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Systems Biology Sage Bionetworks Seattle WA USA Section of Genetic Medicine Department of Medicine University of Chicago Chicago IL USA Integrated Technology Research Laboratories Pharmaceutical Research Division Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Fujisawa Japan Neuropsychiatry Section Department of Psychiatry Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Neuropsychiatric Signaling Program Department of Psychiatry Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Psychiatry JJ Peters Virginia Medical Center Bronx NY USA Department of Neuroscience Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York NY USA Friedman Brain Institute

Transcriptomic imputation approaches combine eQTL reference panels with large-scale genotype data in order to test associations between disease and gene expression. These genic associations could elucidate signals in complex genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci and may disentangle the role of different tissues in disease development. We used the largest eQTL reference panel for the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to create a set of gene expression predictors and demonstrate their utility. We applied DLPFC and 12 GTEx-brain predictors to 40,299 schizophrenia cases and 65,264 matched controls for a large transcriptomic imputation study of schizophrenia. We identified 413 genic associations across 13 brain regions. Stepwise conditioning identified 67 non-MHC genes, of which 14 did not fall within previous GWAS loci. We identified 36 significantly enriched pathways, including hexosaminidase-A deficiency, and multiple porphyric disorder pathways. We investigated developmental expression patterns among the 67 non-MHC genes and identified specific groups of pre- and postnatal expression.

关键词： Gene expression Genome-wide association studies Schizophrenia Transcriptomics

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Human genome meeting 2016 : Houston, TX, USA. 28 February - 2 March 2016

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Human genomics 2016年第1期10 Suppl 1卷 12页

作者： A. K. Srivastava Y. Wang R. Huang C. Skinner T. Thompson L. Pollard T. Wood F. Luo R. Stevenson R. Polimanti J. Gelernter X. Lin I. Y. Lim Y. Wu A. L. Teh L. Chen I. M. Aris S. E. Soh M. T. Tint J. L. MacIsaac F. Yap K. Kwek S. M. Saw M. S. Kobor M. J. Meaney K. M. Godfrey Y. S. Chong J. D. Holbrook Y. S. Lee P. D. Gluckman N. Karnani A. Kapoor D. Lee A. Chakravarti C. Maercker F. Graf M. Boutros G. Stamoulis F. Santoni P. Makrythanasis A. Letourneau M. Guipponi N. Panousis M. Garieri P. Ribaux E. Falconnet C. Borel S. E. Antonarakis S. Kumar J. Curran J. Blangero S. Chatterjee J. Akiyama D. Auer C. Berrios L. Pennacchio T. R. Donti G. Cappuccio M. Miller P. Atwal A. Kennedy A. Cardon C. Bacino L. Emrick J. Hertecant F. Baumer B. Porter M. Bainbridge P. Bonnen B. Graham R. Sutton Q. Sun S. Elsea Z. Hu P. Wang Y. Zhu J. Zhao M. Xiong David A. Bennett A. Hidalgo-Miranda S. Romero-Cordoba S. Rodriguez-Cuevas R. Rebollar-Vega E. Tagliabue M. Iorio E. D’Ippolito S. Baroni B. Kaczkowski Y. Tanaka H. Kawaji A. Sandelin R. Andersson M. Itoh T. Lassmann Y. Hayashizaki P. Carninci A. R. R. Forrest C. A. Semple E. A. Rosenthal B. Shirts L. Amendola C. Gallego M. Horike-Pyne A. Burt P. Robertson P. Beyers C. Nefcy D. Veenstra F. Hisama R. Bennett M. Dorschner D. Nickerson J. Smith K. Patterson D. Crosslin R. Nassir N. Zubair T. Harrison U. Peters G. Jarvik F. Menghi K. Inaki X. Woo P. Kumar K. Grzeda A. Malhotra H. Kim D. Ucar P. Shreckengast K. Karuturi J. Keck J. Chuang E. T. Liu B. Ji A. Tyler G. Ananda G. Carter H. Nikbakht M. Montagne M. Zeinieh A. Harutyunyan M. Mcconechy N. Jabado P. Lavigne J. Majewski J. B. Goldstein M. Overman G. Varadhachary R. Shroff R. Wolff M. Javle A. Futreal D. Fogelman L. Bravo W. Fajardo H. Gomez C. Castaneda C. Rolfo J. A. Pinto K. C. Akdemir L. Chin S. Patterson C. Statz S. Mockus S. N. Nikolaev X. I. Bonilla L. Parmentier B. King F. Bezrukov G. Kaya V. Zoete V. Seplyarskiy H. Sharpe T. McKee K. Popadin N. Basset-Seguin R. Ben Chaabene M. Andrianova C. Verdan K. Grosdemange O. Sumara M. E JCSRI Greenwood Genetic Center Greenwood USA School of Computing Clemson University Clemson USA Biochemical Genetics Laboratory Greenwood Genetic Center Greenwood USA Department Psychiatry Yale Sch Med and VA CT Healthcare Center West Haven USA Department Genetics Yale Sch Med and VA CT Healthcare Center West Haven USA Department Neurobiology Yale Sch Med and VA CT Healthcare Center West Haven USA Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences Singapore Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital Singapore Singapore University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust Southampton UK University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore USA Esslingen University of Applied Sciences Esslingen Germany German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany Department of Genetic Medicine and Development University of Geneva Medical School Geneva Switzerland Geneva University Hospitals-HUG Service of Genetic Medicine Geneva Switzerland GE3 Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva University of Geneva Medical School Geneva Switzerland South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute School of Medicine University of Texas Rio-Grande Valley Edinburg USA South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute School of Medicine University of Texas Rio-Grande Valley Brownsville USA Institute of Genetic Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore USA Genomics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley USA Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston USA Department of Translational Medical Sciences Federico II University Naples Italy Metabolon Inc Durham USA Section of Pediatric Neurology and Neuroscience Baylor College of Medicine Houston USA Tawam Hospital Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Stanford Medical School Stanford USA Sch

O1 The metabolomics approach to autism: identification of biomarkers for early detection of autism spectrum disorder A. K. Srivastava, Y. Wang, R. Huang, C. Skinner, T. Thompson, L. Pollard, T. Wood, F. Luo, R. Stevenson O2 Phenome-wide association study for smoking- and drinking-associated genes in 26,394 American women with African, Asian, European, and Hispanic descents R. Polimanti, J. Gelernter O3 Effects of prenatal environment, genotype and DNA methylation on birth weight and subsequent postnatal outcomes: findings from GUSTO, an Asian birth cohort X. Lin, I. Y. Lim, Y. Wu, A. L. Teh, L. Chen, I. M. Aris, S. E. Soh, M. T. Tint, J. L. MacIsaac, F. Yap, K. Kwek, S. M. Saw, M. S. Kobor, M. J. Meaney, K. M. Godfrey, Y. S. Chong, J. D. Holbrook, Y. S. Lee, P. D. Gluckman, N. Karnani, GUSTO study group O4 High-throughput identification of specific qt interval modulating enhancers at the SCN5A locus A. Kapoor, D. Lee, A. Chakravarti O5 Identification of extracellular matrix components inducing cancer cell migration in the supernatant of cultivated mesenchymal stem cells C. Maercker, F. Graf, M. Boutros O6 Single cell allele specific expression (ASE) IN T21 and common trisomies: a novel approach to understand DOWN syndrome and other aneuploidies G. Stamoulis, F. Santoni, P. Makrythanasis, A. Letourneau, M. Guipponi, N. Panousis, M. Garieri, P. Ribaux, E. Falconnet, C. Borel, S. E. Antonarakis O7 Role of microRNA in LCL to IPSC reprogramming S. Kumar, J. Curran, J. Blangero O8 Multiple enhancer variants disrupt gene regulatory network in Hirschsprung disease S. Chatterjee, A. Kapoor, J. Akiyama, D. Auer, C. Berrios, L. Pennacchio, A. Chakravarti O9 Metabolomic profiling for the diagnosis of neurometabolic disorders T. R. Donti, G. Cappuccio, M. Miller, P. Atwal, A. Kennedy, A. Cardon, C. Bacino, L. Emrick, J. Hertecant, F. Baumer, B. Porter, M. Bainbridge, P. Bonnen, B. Graham, R. Sutton, Q. Sun, S. Elsea O10 A novel causal methylation network approach to Alzheimer’s

关键词： Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Deep Neural Network Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing

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Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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The Lancet 2020年第10258期396卷 1204-1222页

作者： Abbafati, Cristiana Abbas, Kaja M. Abbasi, Mohammad Abbasifard, Mitra Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbastabar, Hedayat Abd-Allah, Foad Abdelalim, Ahmed Abdollahi, Mohammad Abdollahpour, Ibrahim Abedi, Aidin Abedi, Parisa Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abolhassani, Hassan Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Aboyans, Victor Abrams, Elissa M. Abreu, Lucas Guimarães Abrigo, Michael R.M. Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid Abualhasan, Ahmed Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal Abushouk, Abdelrahman I. Acebedo, Alyssa Ackerman, Ilana N. Adabi, Maryam Adair, Tim Adamu, Abdu A. Adebayo, Oladimeji M. Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi Adekanmbi, Victor Adelson, Jaimie D. Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Adham, Davoud Advani, Shailesh M. Afarideh, Mohsen Afshari, Mahdi Afshin, Ashkan Agardh, Emilie E. Agarwal, Gina Agasthi, Pradyumna Agesa, Kareha M. Aghaali, Mohammad Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem Agrawal, Anurag Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmadi, Alireza Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Mehdi Ahmadieh, Hamid Ahmadpour, Ehsan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Aji, Budi Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Akinyemiju, Tomi Akombi, Blessing Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Khurshid Alam, Noore Alam, Samiah Alam, Tahiya Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Albertson, Samuel B. Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alema, Niguse Meles Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta Alhabib, Khalid F. Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Muhammad Ali, Saqib Alicandro, Gianfranco Alijanzadeh, Mehran Alinia, Cyrus Alipour, Vahid Alizade, Hesam Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Alla, François Allebeck, Peter Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad Almasi, Ali Almasi-Hashiani, Amir Almasri, Nihad A. Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Almulhim, Abdulaziz M. Alonso, Jordi Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alumran, Arwa Khalid Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Amare, Azmeraw T. Amare, Bekalu Amini, Saeed Amini-Rarani, Mostafa Aminorroaya, Arya Amiri, Fatemeh Amit, Arianna Maever L. Amugsi, Dickson A. Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera Anbesu, Etsay Woldu Ancuceanu, Robert Anderl Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom Social Determinants of Health Research Center Tehran Iran Department of Neurology Cairo University Cairo Egypt School of Pharmacy Tehran Iran The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) Tehran Iran Neuroscience Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran Biostatistics Department Near East University Nicosia Cyprus Biostatistics and Health Informatics Madda Walabu University Bale Robe Ethiopia Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran Iran Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Department of Cardiology Dupuytren University Hospital Limoges France University of Limoges Limoges France Department of Pediatric Dentistry Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Department of Research Philippine Institute for Development Studies Quezon City Philippines Department of Healthcare Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Doha Qatar Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Department of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran School of Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom School of Laboratory Medicine and Science University College Hospital Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa Department of Global Health Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa School of Health Ardabil University of Medical Science Ardabil Iran Social Behavioral Research Branch National Institute of Health Bethesda MD United States Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC DC United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine Seattle WA

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw value

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