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Demystifying Ethereum account diversity:observations,models and analysis

Frontiers of Computer Science 2022年第4期16卷 119-130页

作者： Chaofan Wang Xiaohai Dai Jiang Xiao Chenchen Li Ming Wen Bingbing Zhou Hai Jin Clusters and Grid Computing Lab National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System LabWuhan430074China School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China Centre for Distributed and High Performance Computing School of Information TechnologiesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South Wales2006Australia

Blockchain platform Ethereum has involved millions of accounts due to its strong potential for providing numerous services based on smart *** massive accounts can be divided into diverse categories,such as miners,tokens,and exchanges,which is termed as account diversity in this *** benefit of investigating diversity are multi-fold,including understanding the Ethereum ecosystem deeper and opening the possibility of tracking certain abnormal ***,the exploration of blockchain account diversity remains *** the most relevant studies,which focus on the deanonymization of the accounts on Bitcoin,can hardly be applied on Ethereum since their underlying protocols and user idioms are *** this end,we present the first attempt to demystify the account diversity on *** key observation is that different accounts exhibit diverse behavior patterns,leading us to propose the heuristics for classification as the *** then raise the coverage rate of classification by the statistical learning model Maximum Likelihood Estimation(MLE).We collect real-world data through extensive efforts to evaluate our proposed method and show its ***,we make an in-depth analysis of the dynamic evolution of the Ethereum ecosystem and uncover the abnormal arbitrage *** for the former,we validate two sweeping statements reliably:(1)standalone miners are gradually replaced by the mining pools and cooperative miners;(2)transactions related to the mining pool and exchanges take up a large share of the total *** latter analysis shows that there are a large number of arbitrage transactions transferring the coins from one exchange to another to make a price difference.

关键词： blockchain Ethereum classification account diversity network analysis

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Grid workflow scheduling based on reliability cost 2

Grid workflow scheduling based on reliability cost

引用

2nd International Conference on Scalable Information systems, InfoScale 2007

作者： Tao, Yongcai Jin, Hai Shi, Xuanhua Cluster and Grid Computing Lab Services Computing Technology and System Lab Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781595937575

Grid workflow is a complex and typical grid application, but owing to the highly dynamic feature of grid environments, resource unavailability is increasingly becoming severe and poses great challenges to grid workflow scheduling. Though fault recovery mechanism adopted in grid system guarantee the completion of jobs to some extent, but wasting system resources. To overcome the shortcoming, this paper proposes a Markov Chain based grid node availability prediction model which can efficiently predict grid nodes' availability in the future without adding significant overhead. Based on this model, the paper presents a grid workflow scheduling based on reliability cost (RCGS). The performance evaluation results demonstrate that RCGS improves the dependability of workflow execution and success ratio of tasks with low reliability cost.

关键词： Grid computing

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VAIL: A victim-aware cache policy for improving lifetime of hybrid memory 9

VAIL: A victim-aware cache policy for improving lifetime of ...

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9th International Workshop on Programming Models and Applications for Multicores and Manycores, PMAM 2018

作者： Jia, Youchuang Zhou, Fang Gao, Xiang Wu, Song Jin, Hai Liao, Xiaofei Yuan, Pingpeng Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450356459

Nowadays emerging Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) technologies are introduced to remedy the shortages of the current DRAM-based memory system. However, NVM has limited write endurance, which would severely restrict the performance of memory system. In order to relieve above limitation, we proposed a victim-aware cache policy (VAIL), based on DRAM and NVM hybrid memory system. VAIL took the eviction locality of victims from the DRAM cache into consideration, to reduce writebacks to NVM and improve DRAM hit ratio at the same time. Our evaluation shows that VAIL could reduce 17.2% writebacks to NVM with single-core workloads, 22% writebacks to NVM with multi-core workloads and improve the DRAM hit ratio of the hybrid memory system. © 2018 Association for computing Machinery.

关键词： Dynamic random access storage

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Dev store: Distributed storage system for desktop virtualization

Dev store: Distributed storage system for desktop virtualiza...

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8th International Conference on Computer Science and Education, ICCSE 2013

作者： Jiang, Yue Jin, Hai Liao, Xiaofei Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467344623

With the development of desktop virtualization technology, more and more companies begins to deploy virtual desktop. Traditional NAS and SAN storages can only support small-scale users due to network bandwidth limit and poor scalability. Another disadvantage is that NAS and SAN storages are very expensive. The distributed file systems such as GFS, PVFS, and Lustre are with low cost, high scalability and mass storage, but they are only designed for specific scenarios and can not meet the need of desktop virtualization storage. The characteristics of virtual desktop I/O are small random I/O, high IOPS, snapshot needed and frequent access of the root image. Based on these I/O characteristics, DevStore is designed for desktop virtualization, and aims to be low cost, good scalability and performance. Experiments show that DevStore image's write performance is 70MB/s and read performance is 60MB/s in gigabit Ethernet. The snapshot time of DevStore is less than 1ms. DevStore is also easy to expand. Experiments also show that DevStore is better than QCOW in NFS environment and meets the desktop virtualization storage need. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Virtual machine

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Container-Based Customization Approach for Mobile Environments on Clouds 13th

Container-Based Customization Approach for Mobile Environmen...

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13th International Conference on Green, Pervasive, and Cloud computing, GPC 2018

作者： Hu, Jiahuan Wu, Song Jin, Hai Chen, Hanhua Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783030150921

Recently, mobile cloud which utilizes the elastic resources of clouds to provide services for mobile applications, is becoming more and more popular. When building a mobile cloud platform (MCP), one of the most important things is to provide an execution environment for mobile applications, e.g., the Android mobile operating system (OS). Many efforts have been made to build Android environments on clouds, such as Android virtual machines (VMs) and Android containers. However, the need of customizable Android execution environments for MCP has been ignored for many years, since the existing OS customization solutions are only designed for hardware-specific platforms or driver-specific applications, and taking little account of frequently-changing scenarios on clouds. Moreover, they lack a unified method of customization, as well as an effective upgrade and maintenance mechanism. As a result, they are not suitable for varied and large-scale scenarios on clouds. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a unified and effective approach for customizing Android environments on clouds. The approach provides a container-based solution to custom-tailor Android OS components, as well as a way to run Android applications for different scenarios. Under the guidance of this approach, we develop an automatic customization toolkit named AndroidKit for generating specific Android OS components. Through this toolkit, we are able to boot new Android VM instances called AndroidXs. These AndroidXs are composed of OS images generated by AndroidKit, which can be easily customized and combined for varied demands on clouds. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Android (operating system)

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Minimizing Overheads of Checkpoints in Distributed Stream Processing systems 7

Minimizing Overheads of Checkpoints in Distributed Stream Pr...

引用

7th IEEE International Conference on Cloud Networking, CloudNet 2018

作者： Muhammad Abrar Akber, Syed Chen, Hanhua Wang, Yonghui Jin, Hai School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Cluster and Grid Computing Lab Services Computing Technology and System Lab Big Data Technology and System Lab Wuhan430074 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538668313

Failure occurrence in large-scale systems is inevitable, which makes the resilience a key challenge for modern systems. Checkpoints with rollback recovery is a well-known approach to provide fault tolerance in distributed systems. The checkpoint based fault tolerance approach periodically persists the application state to reliable storage, which serves as a recovery point in case of failure. These periodic checkpoints are not inline with the failure rate of the systems as many studies conclude that failure occurrence is not periodic. The optimal size of checkpoint interval is a crucial decision, which directly determines the checkpoint overheads. To minimize the checkpoint overheads, we propose to reduce the number of checkpoints during the application execution. We suggest reducing the number of checkpoints by successively increasing the checkpoint intervals. We consider the failure probability of the underlying infrastructure and iteratively increase the checkpoint intervals. The proposed checkpoint approach tailors the checkpoint initializing based on the failure probability. If failure probability is low, it increases the checkpoint interval, and eventually reduces the total number of checkpoints triggered during application timespan. Reducing the total number of checkpoints during application execution results in decreasing the checkpoint overheads. The experiment results show that the proposed checkpoint policy considerably reduces the checkpoint overheads as compared to periodic checkpoints. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Fault tolerance

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引用

25th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, ICNP 2017

作者： Chen, Hanhua Zhang, Fan Jin, Hai Cluster and Grid Computing Lab Services Computing Technology and System Lab Big Data Technology and System Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509065011

Real-world stream data with skewed distribution raises unique challenges to distributed stream processing systems. Existing stream workload partitioning schemes usually use a 'one size fits all' design, which leverage either a shuffle grouping or a key grouping strategy for partitioning the stream workloads among multiple processing units, leading to notable problems of unsatisfied system throughput and processing latency. In this paper, we show that the key grouping based schemes result in serious load imbalance and low computation efficiency in the presence of data skewness while the shuffle grouping schemes are not scalable in terms of memory space. We argue that the key to efficient stream scheduling is the popularity of the stream data. We propose and implement a differentiated distributed stream processing system, call DStream, which assigns the popular keys using shuffle grouping while assigns unpopular ones using key grouping. We design a novel efficient and light-weighted probabilistic counting scheme for identifying the current hot keys in dynamic real-time streams. Two factors contribute to the power of this design: 1) the probabilistic counting scheme is extremely computation and memory efficient, so that it can be well integrated in processing instances in the system;2) the scheme can adapt to the popularity changes in the dynamic stream processing environment. We implement the DStream system on top of Apache Storm. Experiment results using large-scale traces from real-world systems show that DStream achieves a 2.3× improvement in terms of processing throughput and reduces the processing latency by 64% compared to state-of-the-art designs. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Higher order statistics

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A Novel routing scheme for paired peers in P2P network

A Novel routing scheme for paired peers in P2P network

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2007 Asian technology Information Program's (ATIP's) 3rd Workshop on High Performance computing in China - Solution Approaches to Impediments for High Performance computing, CHINA HPC'07

作者： Liao, Xiaofei Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab. Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781595939036

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks have been shown to be a promising approach to provide instant voice services over the Internet for its potential high scalability. However, for one paired peers, how to efficiently transmit voice data among peers in such networks remains a major challenge. Hereby this paper proposed some hybrid routing schemes for P2P transmitting system, which include improved random detection algorithm, delay binary tree search algorithm, AS-aware discovery algorithm. With the help of these novel routing schemes, we can choose the correct algorithm to transfer media data, in small size but low delay, among peers in P2P network. Simulations show that these new routing strategies achieve obvious effect. © 2008 ACM.

关键词： Trees (mathematics)

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Contrastive Learning for Robust Android Malware Familial Classification

引用

IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure computing 2022年 1-14页

作者： Wu, Yueming Dou, Shihan Zou, Deqing Yang, Wei Qiang, Weizhong Jin, Hai National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing School of Computer Science Fudan University Shanghai China University of Texas at Dallas Dallas USA National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

Due to its open-source nature, Android operating system has been the main target of attackers to exploit. Malware creators always perform different code obfuscations on their apps to hide malicious activities. Features extracted from these obfuscated samples through program analysis contain many useless and disguised features, which leads to many false negatives. To address the issue, in this paper, we demonstrate that obfuscation-resilient malware family analysis can be achieved through contrastive learning. The key insight behind our analysis is that contrastive learning can be used to reduce the difference introduced by obfuscation while amplifying the difference between malware and other types of malware. Based on the proposed analysis, we design a system that can achieve robust and interpretable classification of Android malware. To achieve robust classification, we perform contrastive learning on malware samples to learn an encoder that can automatically extract robust features from malware samples. To achieve interpretable classification, we transform the function call graph of a sample into an image by centrality analysis. Then the corresponding heatmaps can be obtained by visualization techniques. These heatmaps can help users understand why the malware is classified as this family. We implement IFDroid and perform extensive evaluations on two datasets. Experimental results show that IFDroid is superior to state-of-the-art Android malware familial classification systems. Moreover, IFDroid is capable of maintaining a 98.4% F1 on classifying 69,421 obfuscated malware samples. IEEE

关键词： Semantics

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RTRM: A response time-based replica management strategy for cloud storage system

RTRM: A response time-based replica management strategy for ...

引用

8th International Conference on Grid and Pervasive computing, GPC 2013

作者： Bai, Xiaohu Jin, Hai Liao, Xiaofei Shi, Xuanhua Shao, Zhiyuan Services Computing Technology and System Lab. Cluster and Grid Computing Lab. Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783642380266

Replica management has become a hot research topic in storage systems. This paper presents a dynamic replica management strategy based on response time, named RTRM. RTRM strategy consists of replica creation, replica selection, and replica placement mechanisms. RTRM sets a threshold for response time, if the response time is longer than the threshold, RTRM will increase the number of replicas and create new replica. When a new request comes, RTRM will predict the bandwidth among the replica servers, and make the replica selection accordingly. The replica placement refers to search new replica placement location, and it is a NP-hard problem. Based on graph theory, this paper proposes a reduction algorithm to solve this problem. The simulation results show that RTRM strategy performs better than the five built-in replica management strategies in terms of network utilization and service response time. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Graph theory

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