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2011 6th IEEE Joint International Information technology and Artificial Intelligence Conference, ITAIC 2011

作者： Zhang, Songmei Yao, Shan Ye, Xin'En Xia, Chunhe State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and System School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424486236

With the rapid development of the Internet, the network structure becomes larger and more complicated and attacking methods are more sophisticated, too. To enhance network security, Network Security Situation Analysis (NSSA) technology is a research hot spot in the network security domain. But at present, the NSSA framework and model which not only analyze the affected results of the network security but also the process how the network security is affected are less. In this paper, a novel NSSA framework is presented. The framework includes two parts: calculate the Network Security Situation Value (NSSV) and discover intrusion processes. NSSA quantitative assesses the impact on network security caused by attacks upon Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and hierarchical network structure. Based on attack classification, intrusion processes discover the process how network security is affected. At last from the experiments results, NSSV exactly changes as attacks take place and the accurate intrusion processes are discovered. The applicability of the framework and algorithms are verified. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Network security

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Automatic power-aware reconfiguration of processor resource in virtualized clusters

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Jisuanji Yanjiu yu Fazhan/computer Research and Development 2011年第7期48卷 1123-1133页

作者： Jin, Hai Deng, Li Wu, Song Shi, Xuanhua Zhou, Like Key Laboratory of Services Computing Technology and System Huazhong University of Science and Technology Ministry of Education Wuhan 430074 China Key Laboratory of Cluster and Grid Computing of Hubei Province Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China

Virtualization provides significant benefits of system maintenance, load balancing, fault tolerance, and power-saving in clusters or data centers. It also enables dynamic reconfiguration of computing resource for application environment. However, current dynamic resource control approaches mainly focus on how to satisfy the application-level quality of service (QoS) when application workloads vary with time. They are driven by application performance, which is often specific to certain class of applications and also weakens the response capability of control systems. In this paper, a resource-use-status-driven resource reconfiguration scheme (RUSiC) is presented to automatically adapt to dynamic workload changes to meet the demands of application performance. According to the new characteristics introduced by system virtualization, the scheme is designed to be a two-layer resource reconfiguration model to exactly grasp the demands of applications. Based on real resource use status, the scheme adjusts proper resource configuration for applications in time. Furthermore, the scheme introduces power-saving into resource reconfiguration process and avoids considerable unnecessary power and cooling consumption by reducing the number of active physical nodes in a new resource configuration. Experiments demonstrate that the scheme can quickly detect and respond to shifting resource demands as application workloads change over time.

关键词： Virtualization

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Virtual machine VCPU scheduling in the multi-core environment: Issues and challenges

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Jisuanji Yanjiu yu Fazhan/computer Research and Development 2011年第7期48卷 1216-1224页

作者： Jin, Hai Zhong, Alin Wu, Song Shi, Xuanhua Key Laboratory of Services Computing Technology and System Huazhong University of Science and Technology Ministry of Education Wuhan 430074 China Key Laboratory of Cluster and Grid Computing of Hubei Province Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China

The policies and mechanisms of VCPU (virtual CPU) scheduling in a virtual machine system are key factors to determine the system performance. Because the architecture of the software stack in the virtual machine system is different from the traditional computer systems, when scheduling the VCPUs in virtual machines, simply adopting scheduling strategies and algorithms of existing operating systems without any modifications can lead to drastic degradation of the system performance. Moreover, with the multi-core technology being employed for physical processors, the complexity of the VCPU scheduling is increased. Firstly, the architecture of the virtual machine system and its two-stage scheduling framework are depicted and analyzed in detail in this paper. Because the deterministic mapping relationship between application threads and physical cores is difficult to establish in the two-stage framework, and part functions of operating systems move down to virtual machine monitor, VCPU scheduling will confront many problems and challenges that mainly embody four aspects: the semantic gap between guest operating systems and a virtual machine monitor, the synchronization mechanisms in a multiprocessor operating system, the structure of shared cache in multi-core processors and emerging asymmetric multi-core structure. And then advantages and limitations of the existing solutions for these problems are discussed and analyzed deeply, and suggestions for further researches are presented.

关键词： Virtual machine

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Spike sorting based on radial basis function network with overlap decomposition

Spike sorting based on radial basis function network with ov...

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作者： Dai, Min Hu, Su-Rui Qi, Jia Tianjin Key Lab of Intelligent Computing and Novel Software Technology School of Computer and Communication Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300191 China Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System Ministry of Education Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300191 China

Spike sorting is the essential step in analyzing recording spike signals for studying information processing mechanisms within the nervous system. Overlapping is one of the most serious problems in the spike sorting for multi-channel recordings. In this paper, a modified radial basis function (RBF) network is proposed to decompose the overlapping signals and separate spikes within the same RBF network. A modified radial basis function based on the Gaussian function is employed in the method to improve the accuracy of overlap decomposition. In addition, the improved constructing algorithm reduces the calculation cost by taking advantage of the symmetry of the RBF network. The performance of the presented method is tested at various signal-to-noise ratio levels based on simulated data coming from the University of Leicester and Wave-clus software. Experiment results show that our method successfully solves the fully overlapping problem and has higher accuracy comparing with the Gaussian function. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Radial basis function networks

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An intelligent load balancing algorithm towards efficient cloud computing

An intelligent load balancing algorithm towards efficient cl...

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2011 AAAI Workshop

作者： Xu, Yang Wu, Lei Guo, Liying Chen, Zheng Yang, Lai Shi, Zhongzhi Agent-based Cooperative System Lab School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu SC 611731 China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781577355243

MapReduce provided a novel computing model for complex job decomposition and sub-tasks management to support cloud computing with large distributed data sets. However, its performance is significantly influenced by the working data distributions over those data sets. In this paper, we put forward a novel model to balance data distribution to improve cloud computing performance in data-intensive applications, such as distributed data mining. By extending the classic MapReduce model with an agent-aid layer and abstracting working load requests for data blocks as tokens, the agents can reason from previously received tokens about where to send other tokens in order to balance the working tasks and improve system performance. Our key contribution lies in building an efficient token routing algorithm in spite of agents' unknowing to the global state of data distribution in cloud. We also built a prototype of our system, and the experimental results show that our approach can significantly improve the efficiency of cloud computing. Copyright © 2011, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. All rights reserved.

关键词： MapReduce

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Towards Pay-As-You-Consume Cloud computing

Towards Pay-As-You-Consume Cloud Computing

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IEEE International Conference on services computing (SCC)

作者： Shadi Ibrahim Bingsheng He Hai Jin Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory Services Computing Technology and System Laboratory Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China School of Computer Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore

Cloud computing enables users to perform their computation tasks in the public virtualized cloud using a pay-as-you-go style. Current pay-as-you-go pricing schemes typically charge on the incurred virtual machine hours. Our case studies demonstrate significant variations in the user costs, indicating significant unfairness among different users from the micro-economic perspective. Further studies reveal the reason for such variations is interference among concurrent virtual machines. The amount of interference cost depends on various factors, including workload characteristics, the number of concurrent VMs, and scheduling in the cloud. In this paper, we adopt the concept of pricing fairness from micro economics, and quantitatively analyze the impact of interference on the pricing fairness. To solve the unfairness caused by interference, we propose a pay-as-you-consume pricing scheme, which charges users according to their effective resource consumption excluding interference. The key idea behind the pay-as-you-consume pricing scheme is a machine learning based prediction model of the relative cost of interference. Our preliminary results with Xen demonstrate the accuracy of the prediction model, and the fairness of the pay-as-you-consume pricing scheme.

关键词： Interference Pricing Virtual machining Throughput Hardware Benchmark testing Predictive models

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A Cloud Service Cache system Based on Memory Template of Virtual Machine

A Cloud Service Cache System Based on Memory Template of Vir...

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ChinaGrid Annual Conference (ChinaGrid)

作者： Xuanhua Shi Chao Liu Song Wu Hai Jin Xiaoxin Wu Li Deng Services Computing Technology and System Laboratory Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Huawei Technologies Company Limited China

In data centers and cloud computing environments, the number of virtual machines (VMs) increases when the number of service requests increases. Since services are invoked on demand, the corresponding virtual machines will be created and shut down frequently. This makes the time of starting a virtual machine a crucial performance bottleneck for services in data centers. Besides, if virtual machines read image files from disks to start themselves, additional overhead to access disk will be generated. In this paper, we present a cloud service cache system based on memory template of virtual machines - VCache to improve the response time of cloud computing services, and to reduce the disk access overhead. This system can create and maintain service cache VMs through memory templates, which are snapshots of running virtual machines. By creating virtual machines from cached image files, the service running in these VMs can be deployed rapidly, which greatly reduces the launching time of the service and disk I/O load. We evaluate our system with experiments, and the experimental results show that the average time for creating a VM is reduced about 80% and the amount of data through disk access decreases more than 50%.

关键词： Virtual machining Random access memory IP networks Memory management Image restoration Cloud computing Cloning

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services utility prediction on a cloud

Services utility prediction on a cloud

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2011 IEEE International Conference on Service-Oriented computing and Applications, SOCA 2011

作者： Tsai, Wei-Tek Zhong, Peide Balasooriya, Janaka Chen, Yinong Bai, Xiaoying School of Computing Informatics and System Engineering Arizona State University Tempe AZ United States Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467303194

Cloud computing and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) are being widely applied. In the near future, there will be many cloud services providing similar services. One of the issues is to dispatch service requests to available services dynamically so that service requests can be served in the most effective and efficient way. This paper proposes an algorithm that efficiently serves requests for services by predicting the number of services needed. Furthermore, a cloud architectural framework to support the algorithm and prediction model is introduced. The paper also presents a simulation study to validate the algorithm proposed. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Forecasting

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Real-time volume caustics with image-based photon tracing

Real-time volume caustics with image-based photon tracing

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12th International Conference on computer-Aided Design and computer Graphics, CAD/Graphics 2011

作者： Wang, Yuxiang Wang, Bin Chen, Li School of Software Tsinghua University China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University China Laboratory for Information System Security Ministry of Education of China China Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769544977

Rendering of volume caustics in participating media is often expensive, even with different acceleration approaches. Basic volume photon tracing is used to render such effects, but rather slow due to its massive quantity of photons to be traced. In this paper we present an image-based volume photon tracing method for rendering volume caustics at real-time frame rates. Motivated by multi-image based photon tracing, our technique uses multiple depth maps to accelerate the intersection test procedure, achieving a plausible and fast rendering of volume caustics. Each photon dynamically selects the depth map layer for intersection test, and the test converges to an approximate solution using image space methods in a few recursions. This allows us to compute photon distribution in participating media while avoiding massive computation on accurate intersection tests with scene geometry. We demonstrate that our technique, combined with photon splatting techniques, is able to render volume caustics caused by multiple refractions. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Photons

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Word Sense Disambiguation Corpora Acquisition via Confirmation Code 5

Word Sense Disambiguation Corpora Acquisition via Confirmati...

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5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, IJCNLP 2011

作者： Che, Wanxiang Liu, Ting Research Center for Social Computing and Information Retrieval MOE-Microsoft Key Laboratory of Natural Language Processing and Speech School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)9789744665645

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is one of the fundamental natural language processing tasks. However, lack of training corpora is a bottleneck to construct a high accurate all-words WSD system. Annotating a large-scale corpus by experts costs enormous time and financial resources. Human Computation is a novel idea for integrating human resources behind the Web, which has been wasted, to solve practical problems that are difficult for computers. Based on human computation, we design a confirmation code system, which can not only distinguish between human beings and computers (the function of normal confirmation code system), but also annotate WSD corpora. The preliminary experimental result shows that the proposed method can annotate large-scale and high-quality WSD corpora within a short time. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to use confirmation code in natural language processing for corpora acquisition. © 2011 AFNLP

关键词： Natural language processing systems

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